基于过程改进的汽车零部件供应商关系管理研究
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摘要
日益激烈的市场竞争环境和个性化的客户需求,给企业带来了全新的挑战和变革:企业间由“合作——博弈”向更高层次的“合作——整合共赢”转变、传统大批量生产方式向多品种、小批量、定制化生产方式转变、以职能为导向的管理模式向以过程为导向的管理模式转变。针对这一发展趋势,以汽车零部件产业为应用背景,提出基于过程改进的供应商关系管理(Supplier Relationship Management, SRM),尝试系统化、定量化地深入探讨研究适用于我国汽车零部件供应配套领域的新型管理理念、管理模式和方法。
文章首先辨析了SRM与供应链管理、供应商管理、采购管理以及合作伙伴关系等相关概念的差异和联系;系统分析供应商关系的概念和本质,提出SRM是一套以共赢为目标,管理企业与供应商之间组织关系及其相关活动的过程管理体系。该定义隐含:①SRM是一套过程管理体系;②供应商关系具有多样性;③供应商关系的稳定性是相对的;④信息技术是SRM的实施手段和工具。该定义揭示了SRM的内涵,明确了SRM与相关管理概念、信息技术等的关系。在此基础上,将质量管理中的过程改进思想,引入到供应商关系管理领域,提出基于过程改进的供应商关系管理模型(简称PI-SRM),模型将曾被割裂的SRM各项关键管理内容联系成一个整体进行系统研究,建立了一套由供应商关系识别、供应商关系确立、供应商供应过程和过程能力评估构成的过程管理体系,揭示了SRM全过程及其若干关键管理问题。
以PI-SRM为研究主线,结合汽车零部件产业特征,在供应商关系识别过程,建立了汽车零部件供应商关系二维定量甄别模型,从关系的类型和生命周期两个维度上对供应商关系进行定量甄别。在供应商管理确立过程,建立了汽车零部件供应商选择双层规划模型,从采购商和供应商的不同角度,通过上下层目标函数综合评价多种选择因子,得到最优供应商选择方案,并设计了模型的遗传算法求解算法;探讨了几种典型的供应商关系管理策略;在PI-SRM供应商供应过程管理中,针对目前供应商绩效管理领域普遍存在的重结果、轻过程、以罚为主、合作意识亟待加强的现状,提出基于过程改进的汽车零部件供应商绩效管理模型,并制定了汽车零部件供应商过程绩效指标体系,设计了汽车零部件供应商过程绩效管理系统的体系结构;为帮助企业提升PI-SRM过程管理能力,提出递阶式过程能力评价体系,制定了由已定义级、定量管理级、持续优化级三个级别构成的递阶式评价基准,详细阐述了相应的过程能力评价指标、评价流程和评价方法。
最后,针对汽车零部件产业供应特点及其信息化现状,提出面向汽车零部件产业的PI-SRM信息集聚平台,深入研究平台下的典型业务,规划了由制造商模块、供应商模块、共用模块和公共信息服务模块构成的业务集成框架和基于SaaS模式的平台系统架构,并进行了试点应用,取得了良好效果,为汽车零部件产业的管理信息化提供了新的建设思路。
The increasingly fierce market competition environment and personalized customer demand bring enterprises whole new challenges and changes: the relation among enterprises transforms from "cooperation—game" to a higher level of "cooperation—concordance & win-win"; production mode changes from traditional mass production to multi-variety, small-batched, customized production; management model changes from the function-oriented to the process-oriented. In response to this trend, supplier relationship management (SRM) based on process improvement taking automobile components industry as its application background is proposed, so as to study systematically and quantitatively into new management ideas, management modes and methods suitable for automobile components supply field in China.
The article first analyses the differences and connections among the supply chain management, supplier management, procurement management and related concepts such as the Collaborative Partnership; the article systematic analyses the concept and nature of supplier relationships, puts forward that SRM is a set of process management system that manages relationship between the enterprise and suppliers as well as related activities in order to accomplish the win-win situation. The definition implies that :①SRM is a process management system;②Supplier relationship is diverse;③The stability of supplier relationships is relative;④Information technology is the means and tools for the implementation of SRM. This definition reveals the meaning of the SRM , make clear the relationship between SRM and the relevant management concepts, as well as information technology. On this basis, the process improvement ideas of quality management is introduced into the area of supplier relationship management to propose the Supplier Relationship Management Model based on process improvement( PI-SRM), the model associates the various fragmented key management contents and study systemically to establish a complete set of process management system, reveals the identification of supplier relationships ,the establishment of supplier relationships, supply management and relationship maintenance of the whole process as well as the core management issues.
Regard PI-SRM as the main line of study, combined with features of auto parts industry, the article set up a two-dimensional quantitative screening model of automobile parts supplier relationship to discriminate quantitatively the supply relationships in relationships type and life cycle in the process of supplier relationships identification. The article also discusses several typical supplier relationship management strategies; sets up an automobile parts supplier selection bi-level programming model in the process of supplier relationships establishment, evaluate multiple kinds of selection factors through the upper and lower objective functions in the different aspects of buyers and suppliers, finally gets the optimal supplier selection program, and designs a model of genetic algorithm. In the processes of PI-SRM operation and maintenance, in allusion to the current status in the field of supplier performance management that emphasis on the results, contempt on process, penalty-based, lack of cooperation awareness, the article proposes a process-based auto parts supplier performance management model and develops a process performance indicators system, designs the architecture of auto parts supplier performance management system. In order to help enterprises to enhance their PI-SRM process management, the article proposes hierarchical-type process capability evaluation system , instituting the hierarchical-based evaluation benchmark constituting by the defined level, quantitative management level and continuous optimization lever ,gives the evaluation indexes, evaluation processes and evaluation methods of the detailed corresponding process capability.
Finally, for the auto parts industry supply characteristics and status of information ,the article puts forward PI-SRM information gathering platform for the auto parts industry, researching deeply the typical business on the platform ,planning the platform architecture based on SaaS mode and business integration framework constituting by the manufacturers, suppliers, sharing modules and public information services module ,conducting a pilot application, and achieved good results ,providing new ideas for the information technology of auto parts industry.
文章首先辨析了SRM与供应链管理、供应商管理、采购管理以及合作伙伴关系等相关概念的差异和联系;系统分析供应商关系的概念和本质,提出SRM是一套以共赢为目标,管理企业与供应商之间组织关系及其相关活动的过程管理体系。该定义隐含:①SRM是一套过程管理体系;②供应商关系具有多样性;③供应商关系的稳定性是相对的;④信息技术是SRM的实施手段和工具。该定义揭示了SRM的内涵,明确了SRM与相关管理概念、信息技术等的关系。在此基础上,将质量管理中的过程改进思想,引入到供应商关系管理领域,提出基于过程改进的供应商关系管理模型(简称PI-SRM),模型将曾被割裂的SRM各项关键管理内容联系成一个整体进行系统研究,建立了一套由供应商关系识别、供应商关系确立、供应商供应过程和过程能力评估构成的过程管理体系,揭示了SRM全过程及其若干关键管理问题。
以PI-SRM为研究主线,结合汽车零部件产业特征,在供应商关系识别过程,建立了汽车零部件供应商关系二维定量甄别模型,从关系的类型和生命周期两个维度上对供应商关系进行定量甄别。在供应商管理确立过程,建立了汽车零部件供应商选择双层规划模型,从采购商和供应商的不同角度,通过上下层目标函数综合评价多种选择因子,得到最优供应商选择方案,并设计了模型的遗传算法求解算法;探讨了几种典型的供应商关系管理策略;在PI-SRM供应商供应过程管理中,针对目前供应商绩效管理领域普遍存在的重结果、轻过程、以罚为主、合作意识亟待加强的现状,提出基于过程改进的汽车零部件供应商绩效管理模型,并制定了汽车零部件供应商过程绩效指标体系,设计了汽车零部件供应商过程绩效管理系统的体系结构;为帮助企业提升PI-SRM过程管理能力,提出递阶式过程能力评价体系,制定了由已定义级、定量管理级、持续优化级三个级别构成的递阶式评价基准,详细阐述了相应的过程能力评价指标、评价流程和评价方法。
最后,针对汽车零部件产业供应特点及其信息化现状,提出面向汽车零部件产业的PI-SRM信息集聚平台,深入研究平台下的典型业务,规划了由制造商模块、供应商模块、共用模块和公共信息服务模块构成的业务集成框架和基于SaaS模式的平台系统架构,并进行了试点应用,取得了良好效果,为汽车零部件产业的管理信息化提供了新的建设思路。
The increasingly fierce market competition environment and personalized customer demand bring enterprises whole new challenges and changes: the relation among enterprises transforms from "cooperation—game" to a higher level of "cooperation—concordance & win-win"; production mode changes from traditional mass production to multi-variety, small-batched, customized production; management model changes from the function-oriented to the process-oriented. In response to this trend, supplier relationship management (SRM) based on process improvement taking automobile components industry as its application background is proposed, so as to study systematically and quantitatively into new management ideas, management modes and methods suitable for automobile components supply field in China.
The article first analyses the differences and connections among the supply chain management, supplier management, procurement management and related concepts such as the Collaborative Partnership; the article systematic analyses the concept and nature of supplier relationships, puts forward that SRM is a set of process management system that manages relationship between the enterprise and suppliers as well as related activities in order to accomplish the win-win situation. The definition implies that :①SRM is a process management system;②Supplier relationship is diverse;③The stability of supplier relationships is relative;④Information technology is the means and tools for the implementation of SRM. This definition reveals the meaning of the SRM , make clear the relationship between SRM and the relevant management concepts, as well as information technology. On this basis, the process improvement ideas of quality management is introduced into the area of supplier relationship management to propose the Supplier Relationship Management Model based on process improvement( PI-SRM), the model associates the various fragmented key management contents and study systemically to establish a complete set of process management system, reveals the identification of supplier relationships ,the establishment of supplier relationships, supply management and relationship maintenance of the whole process as well as the core management issues.
Regard PI-SRM as the main line of study, combined with features of auto parts industry, the article set up a two-dimensional quantitative screening model of automobile parts supplier relationship to discriminate quantitatively the supply relationships in relationships type and life cycle in the process of supplier relationships identification. The article also discusses several typical supplier relationship management strategies; sets up an automobile parts supplier selection bi-level programming model in the process of supplier relationships establishment, evaluate multiple kinds of selection factors through the upper and lower objective functions in the different aspects of buyers and suppliers, finally gets the optimal supplier selection program, and designs a model of genetic algorithm. In the processes of PI-SRM operation and maintenance, in allusion to the current status in the field of supplier performance management that emphasis on the results, contempt on process, penalty-based, lack of cooperation awareness, the article proposes a process-based auto parts supplier performance management model and develops a process performance indicators system, designs the architecture of auto parts supplier performance management system. In order to help enterprises to enhance their PI-SRM process management, the article proposes hierarchical-type process capability evaluation system , instituting the hierarchical-based evaluation benchmark constituting by the defined level, quantitative management level and continuous optimization lever ,gives the evaluation indexes, evaluation processes and evaluation methods of the detailed corresponding process capability.
Finally, for the auto parts industry supply characteristics and status of information ,the article puts forward PI-SRM information gathering platform for the auto parts industry, researching deeply the typical business on the platform ,planning the platform architecture based on SaaS mode and business integration framework constituting by the manufacturers, suppliers, sharing modules and public information services module ,conducting a pilot application, and achieved good results ,providing new ideas for the information technology of auto parts industry.
引文
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