基于Petri网的AS/RS出入库调度优化与控制问题研究
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摘要
自动化立体仓库(AS/RS)作为现化物流系统的核心和枢纽,正广泛地运用于各行各业中。出入库调度是自动化立体仓库调度的一个重要组成部分,出入库调度方案的好坏对自动化立体仓库的运行效率有至关重要的影响。因此,研究自动化立体仓库的出入库调度问题,就具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。本文着重研究自动化立体仓库的出入库调度优化与控制问题。课题主要包含以下内容:
引入面向对象赋时Petri网(OOTPN)的方法,建立了含有信息位的自动化立体仓库出入库调度系统的OOTPN模型,分析了该模型Petri网特性,并在此基础上分析了自动化立体仓库出入库调度运行的死锁问题,给出了避免死锁的策略。
通过对自动化立体仓库出入库调度规则的分类,采用分段整数编码方式对调度规则进行编码,运用遗传算法的变异、交叉和遗传等特性对调度规则进行优化,从而得到一个优化的规则集,并以系统综合效益最优为目标寻找最优的调度规则。通过算例表明了遗传算法应用于AS/RS出入库调度规则优化的可行性。
根据所建OOTPN模型,以Visual C++ 6.0为编程工具,结合条码技术、数据库技术以及多线程技术编写仿真程序,进行离线仿真验证,实现了整个AS/RS出入库调度流程,最后并给出了仿真结果,证明了用Petri网对AS/RS出入库调度系统进行建模的可行性。
结合本校现代制造与物流系统实验室的AS/RS系统,以Visual C++ 6.0为编程工具,主要采用数据库技术、条码技术以及现场总线技术,编制了一套AS/RS出入库调度系统管理软件,并进行了在线试验验证。结果表明,该AS/RS出入库调度系统管理软件运行情况良好。
As the key part of modern logidtics system, AS/RS(Automated Storage and Retrieval System) is widely applied to every walk of life. Scheduling in or out warehouse is an important part in AS/RS. The scheme of scheduling in or out warehouse has very important influence to the operating efficiency of AS/RS. So the study of scheduling in or out warehouse in AS/RS has important theory and engineer significances. The emphasis of this paper is researching loading and unloading scheduling optimization of AS/RS and its control problem.In this paper, several works have been done as followed:
In order to establish the model of loading and unloading warehouse that including information place, an object oritented timed petri net(OOTPN) modeling method was intrduced, and the speciality of petri net was analyzed. In this foundation, the deadlock analysis problem of the process was discussed, and the control strategy for deadlock avoidance was given.
Classifying the scheduling rule of loading and unloading warehouse, then each chromosome representing a rule set was formed by combining several integer segments, genetics operations involving choice, crossing and variation were performed and they acted according to certain order, thus an optimized rule set was obtained. Illuminating the feasibility of the Genetic Algorithm apply in loading and unloading scheduling optimization of AS/RS.
According to the established OOTPN model, using the VC++ 6.0 as the programming tools, combining barcode, database and multi-thread technology, the simulation program is coded and realizes the loading and unloading scheduling flow of AS/RS. Illuminating the feasibility of the petri net apply to the modeling of scheduling in or out warehouse.
Combining the AS/RS of modern manufacturing and logistics laboratory, using the VC++ 6.0 as the programming tools, introducing database, barcode and profibus technology, the AS/RS loading and unloading system managing software was coded and the experiment was done. The result indicates that the AS/RS loading and unloading system managing software can run nicely.
引入面向对象赋时Petri网(OOTPN)的方法,建立了含有信息位的自动化立体仓库出入库调度系统的OOTPN模型,分析了该模型Petri网特性,并在此基础上分析了自动化立体仓库出入库调度运行的死锁问题,给出了避免死锁的策略。
通过对自动化立体仓库出入库调度规则的分类,采用分段整数编码方式对调度规则进行编码,运用遗传算法的变异、交叉和遗传等特性对调度规则进行优化,从而得到一个优化的规则集,并以系统综合效益最优为目标寻找最优的调度规则。通过算例表明了遗传算法应用于AS/RS出入库调度规则优化的可行性。
根据所建OOTPN模型,以Visual C++ 6.0为编程工具,结合条码技术、数据库技术以及多线程技术编写仿真程序,进行离线仿真验证,实现了整个AS/RS出入库调度流程,最后并给出了仿真结果,证明了用Petri网对AS/RS出入库调度系统进行建模的可行性。
结合本校现代制造与物流系统实验室的AS/RS系统,以Visual C++ 6.0为编程工具,主要采用数据库技术、条码技术以及现场总线技术,编制了一套AS/RS出入库调度系统管理软件,并进行了在线试验验证。结果表明,该AS/RS出入库调度系统管理软件运行情况良好。
As the key part of modern logidtics system, AS/RS(Automated Storage and Retrieval System) is widely applied to every walk of life. Scheduling in or out warehouse is an important part in AS/RS. The scheme of scheduling in or out warehouse has very important influence to the operating efficiency of AS/RS. So the study of scheduling in or out warehouse in AS/RS has important theory and engineer significances. The emphasis of this paper is researching loading and unloading scheduling optimization of AS/RS and its control problem.In this paper, several works have been done as followed:
In order to establish the model of loading and unloading warehouse that including information place, an object oritented timed petri net(OOTPN) modeling method was intrduced, and the speciality of petri net was analyzed. In this foundation, the deadlock analysis problem of the process was discussed, and the control strategy for deadlock avoidance was given.
Classifying the scheduling rule of loading and unloading warehouse, then each chromosome representing a rule set was formed by combining several integer segments, genetics operations involving choice, crossing and variation were performed and they acted according to certain order, thus an optimized rule set was obtained. Illuminating the feasibility of the Genetic Algorithm apply in loading and unloading scheduling optimization of AS/RS.
According to the established OOTPN model, using the VC++ 6.0 as the programming tools, combining barcode, database and multi-thread technology, the simulation program is coded and realizes the loading and unloading scheduling flow of AS/RS. Illuminating the feasibility of the petri net apply to the modeling of scheduling in or out warehouse.
Combining the AS/RS of modern manufacturing and logistics laboratory, using the VC++ 6.0 as the programming tools, introducing database, barcode and profibus technology, the AS/RS loading and unloading system managing software was coded and the experiment was done. The result indicates that the AS/RS loading and unloading system managing software can run nicely.
引文
【1】 真虹,张婕姝主编.物流企业仓储管理与实务[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2003:13-23.
【2】 张正义等.自动仓储系统及其应用[J].物流技术与应用,2006,(7):63-72.
【3】 缪兴锋.浅析物流自动化立体仓储系统设计新技术[J].物流技术,2006,(8):47-49.
【4】 Riccardo Manzini.Mauro Gamberi.Alberto Regattieri.Design and control of an AS/RS.Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2006,28:766-774.
【5】 Zaki Sari.Can Saygin. Noureddine Ghouali.Travel-time models for flow-rack automated storage and retrieval systems.Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2005,25:979-987.
【6】 N.Jawahar,P.Aravindan and S.G.Ponnambalam.Optimal Random Storage Allocation for an AS/RS in an FMS.Int J Adv Manuf Technol,1998,14:116-132.
【7】 张晓萍等.现代生产物流及仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
【8】 周溪召等编著.物流系统工程[M].上海财经大学出版社,2003.
【9】 林志航,胡保生.计算机集成制造系统[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1997.
【10】周国华.生产作业调度问题的软件计算方法研究[D].西南交通大学,2003.
【11】徐胜阳.自动化立体仓库中的计算机控制及其仿真[D].武汉理工大学,2003.
【12】关宏.自动化立体仓库总体规划设计方法研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2001.
【13】刘林,依福林,何春礼,何兴启.物流中的新设施一一自动化立体仓库[J].物流技术,1997,(2):12-14.
【14】田国会,刘长有等.自动化立体仓库若干优化调度问题及其研究进展[J].山东工业大学学报,2001,(2):12-17.
【15】剡昌锋,吴黎晓等.自动化仓库在线调度问题的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2002,12(4):23-25.
【16】吴广伟.遗传算法及其在自动仓储系统(AS/RS)中应用研究[D].山东科技大学,2003.
【17】李宝顺.基于遗传算法的自动仓储系统的优化[D].山东科技大学,2004.
【18】陈国仁.物流输送系统的智能控制与调度研究[D].北京机械工业自动化研究所,2004.
【19】田国会,刘长有等.自动化仓库输送过程调度问题研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,1998,(2):51-54.
【20】Linn.R.and Wysk, R.A..An Expert System Based Controller for AS/RS. International Journal of Production Research.1990,32:176-191.
【21】Kim.Byung-In, Heragu.Sunderesh.S,Graves.Robert.J,Onge.Art.St.A Hybrid Scheduling and control system Architecture for Warehouse Management.IEEE Transactions on Robotics & Automation.2003,19(6):991,11.
【22】Byung-In Kim,Robert J.Graves,Sunderesh S.Heragu etc.Intelligent agent modeling of an industrial warehousing problem.IIE Transactions,2002,(34) :601-612.
【23】Donald.Tepas.Workware decision support systems:a compre-hensive methodological approach to work-scheduling problems.Theor Issues In Ergon.2003,4.
【24】刘韬等.基于面向对象赋时 Petri 网的出入库系统建模[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(3):537-541.
【25】T.Murata.Petri Nets:Properties,Analysis and Applications.Proceedings of the IEEE.1989,77(4):541-580.
【26】W.Reisig.Petri Nets,An Introduction.EATCS,Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science,W.Brauer,G.Rozenberg,A.Salomaa (Eds.),Springer Verlag.Berlin.1985.
【27】C.Girault,R.Valk.Petri Nets for Systems Engineering:A Guide to Modeling,Verification,and Applications.Springer Verlag,2002.
【28】Kurt Jensen.Appear in the course material from the Advanced Course on Petri Nets.Dagstuhl Germany,1996.
【29】江志斌.Petri 网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
【30】郑莉,董渊编著.C++语言程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
【31】刘韬.基于 OOTPN 的自动化立体仓库出入库调度问题研究[D].西安理工大学,2005.
【32】李培根,张洁著.敏捷化智能制造系统的重构与控制[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
【33】陶丽华.基于赋时 Petri 网的批处理系统建模[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006,(5):19-21.
【34】王化冰.多资源复合共享 FMS 的死锁研究[J].计算机集成制造系统 CIMS,2000,8(4):70-73.
【35】徐香玲等.基于专家系统的自动化立体仓库出入库调度研究[J].物流技术,2005,(2):38-40,51.
【36】Lothar Schulze.Computer Aided Warehouse Planning 10th International Conference on Automation in Warehouse Dallas[R].Texas.U.S.A.1989:16-18.
【37】常发亮等.自动化立体仓库输送系统调度的优化仿真及其应用研究[J].系统仿真学报,1998,10(5):14-19.
【38】KRISHNAIAH CHETTY O.V.,SARVESWAR REDDY M. Genetic algorithms for studies on AS/RS integrated with machines.International journal,advanced manufacturing technology,2003,22(11-12):932-940.
【39】郑锋,孙树栋,吴秀丽.基于遗传算法和模型仿真的调度规则决策方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(7):808-814.
【40】郭蕾.柔性工作流技术及其在 ERP(企业资源计划)中的应用[D].西安:西北工业大学,2001.
【41】GOLDBERG D E.Optimization and machine learning[M].Reading,MA.USA:Addison-Wesley Publishing,1989.
【42】汪应洛主编.系统工程理论、方法与应用[M].高等教育出版社,1998:170-174.
【43】徐香玲.基于专家系统的自动化立体仓库出入库调度策略研究[D].西安理工大学,2004:18-20,46.
【44】宋伟刚.物流工程及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
【45】王时龙.FMS 生产运行仿真系统的研究[D].重庆大学,1991.
【46】张晓萍主编.物流系统仿真原理与应用[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2005:10,74-81.
【47】李禹生等.数据库应用技术——Access 及其应用系统开发[M].中国水利水电出版社,2002.
【48】李东.管理信息系统的理论与应用[M].北京大学出版社,2000:124.
【49】张成等.基于 ERP 与条码技术的立体仓库管理系统[J].现代制造工程,2003,(9):7-9.
【50】宋伟刚.物流工程及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
【51】徐胜阳.自动化立体仓库中的计算机控制及其仿真[D].武汉理工大学,2003.
【52】丁立言,张铎.仓储自动化[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
【53】楼佩煌,朱锦标,谭惠民.自动化立体仓库控制系统中的通信技术研究与开发[J].南京航空航大大学学报,1998,30(4):406-411.
【54】徐常凯,王耀才.基于专家系统的自动化仓库监控系统设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2002,28(11):219-220.
【2】 张正义等.自动仓储系统及其应用[J].物流技术与应用,2006,(7):63-72.
【3】 缪兴锋.浅析物流自动化立体仓储系统设计新技术[J].物流技术,2006,(8):47-49.
【4】 Riccardo Manzini.Mauro Gamberi.Alberto Regattieri.Design and control of an AS/RS.Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2006,28:766-774.
【5】 Zaki Sari.Can Saygin. Noureddine Ghouali.Travel-time models for flow-rack automated storage and retrieval systems.Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2005,25:979-987.
【6】 N.Jawahar,P.Aravindan and S.G.Ponnambalam.Optimal Random Storage Allocation for an AS/RS in an FMS.Int J Adv Manuf Technol,1998,14:116-132.
【7】 张晓萍等.现代生产物流及仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
【8】 周溪召等编著.物流系统工程[M].上海财经大学出版社,2003.
【9】 林志航,胡保生.计算机集成制造系统[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1997.
【10】周国华.生产作业调度问题的软件计算方法研究[D].西南交通大学,2003.
【11】徐胜阳.自动化立体仓库中的计算机控制及其仿真[D].武汉理工大学,2003.
【12】关宏.自动化立体仓库总体规划设计方法研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2001.
【13】刘林,依福林,何春礼,何兴启.物流中的新设施一一自动化立体仓库[J].物流技术,1997,(2):12-14.
【14】田国会,刘长有等.自动化立体仓库若干优化调度问题及其研究进展[J].山东工业大学学报,2001,(2):12-17.
【15】剡昌锋,吴黎晓等.自动化仓库在线调度问题的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2002,12(4):23-25.
【16】吴广伟.遗传算法及其在自动仓储系统(AS/RS)中应用研究[D].山东科技大学,2003.
【17】李宝顺.基于遗传算法的自动仓储系统的优化[D].山东科技大学,2004.
【18】陈国仁.物流输送系统的智能控制与调度研究[D].北京机械工业自动化研究所,2004.
【19】田国会,刘长有等.自动化仓库输送过程调度问题研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,1998,(2):51-54.
【20】Linn.R.and Wysk, R.A..An Expert System Based Controller for AS/RS. International Journal of Production Research.1990,32:176-191.
【21】Kim.Byung-In, Heragu.Sunderesh.S,Graves.Robert.J,Onge.Art.St.A Hybrid Scheduling and control system Architecture for Warehouse Management.IEEE Transactions on Robotics & Automation.2003,19(6):991,11.
【22】Byung-In Kim,Robert J.Graves,Sunderesh S.Heragu etc.Intelligent agent modeling of an industrial warehousing problem.IIE Transactions,2002,(34) :601-612.
【23】Donald.Tepas.Workware decision support systems:a compre-hensive methodological approach to work-scheduling problems.Theor Issues In Ergon.2003,4.
【24】刘韬等.基于面向对象赋时 Petri 网的出入库系统建模[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(3):537-541.
【25】T.Murata.Petri Nets:Properties,Analysis and Applications.Proceedings of the IEEE.1989,77(4):541-580.
【26】W.Reisig.Petri Nets,An Introduction.EATCS,Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science,W.Brauer,G.Rozenberg,A.Salomaa (Eds.),Springer Verlag.Berlin.1985.
【27】C.Girault,R.Valk.Petri Nets for Systems Engineering:A Guide to Modeling,Verification,and Applications.Springer Verlag,2002.
【28】Kurt Jensen.Appear in the course material from the Advanced Course on Petri Nets.Dagstuhl Germany,1996.
【29】江志斌.Petri 网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
【30】郑莉,董渊编著.C++语言程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
【31】刘韬.基于 OOTPN 的自动化立体仓库出入库调度问题研究[D].西安理工大学,2005.
【32】李培根,张洁著.敏捷化智能制造系统的重构与控制[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
【33】陶丽华.基于赋时 Petri 网的批处理系统建模[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006,(5):19-21.
【34】王化冰.多资源复合共享 FMS 的死锁研究[J].计算机集成制造系统 CIMS,2000,8(4):70-73.
【35】徐香玲等.基于专家系统的自动化立体仓库出入库调度研究[J].物流技术,2005,(2):38-40,51.
【36】Lothar Schulze.Computer Aided Warehouse Planning 10th International Conference on Automation in Warehouse Dallas[R].Texas.U.S.A.1989:16-18.
【37】常发亮等.自动化立体仓库输送系统调度的优化仿真及其应用研究[J].系统仿真学报,1998,10(5):14-19.
【38】KRISHNAIAH CHETTY O.V.,SARVESWAR REDDY M. Genetic algorithms for studies on AS/RS integrated with machines.International journal,advanced manufacturing technology,2003,22(11-12):932-940.
【39】郑锋,孙树栋,吴秀丽.基于遗传算法和模型仿真的调度规则决策方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(7):808-814.
【40】郭蕾.柔性工作流技术及其在 ERP(企业资源计划)中的应用[D].西安:西北工业大学,2001.
【41】GOLDBERG D E.Optimization and machine learning[M].Reading,MA.USA:Addison-Wesley Publishing,1989.
【42】汪应洛主编.系统工程理论、方法与应用[M].高等教育出版社,1998:170-174.
【43】徐香玲.基于专家系统的自动化立体仓库出入库调度策略研究[D].西安理工大学,2004:18-20,46.
【44】宋伟刚.物流工程及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
【45】王时龙.FMS 生产运行仿真系统的研究[D].重庆大学,1991.
【46】张晓萍主编.物流系统仿真原理与应用[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2005:10,74-81.
【47】李禹生等.数据库应用技术——Access 及其应用系统开发[M].中国水利水电出版社,2002.
【48】李东.管理信息系统的理论与应用[M].北京大学出版社,2000:124.
【49】张成等.基于 ERP 与条码技术的立体仓库管理系统[J].现代制造工程,2003,(9):7-9.
【50】宋伟刚.物流工程及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
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