南四湖湿地恢复过程中植被及种子库特征研究
|
摘要
湿地是位于陆生生态系统和水生生态系统之间的过渡性地带,是生物多样性最丰富、单位生产力最高的生态系统之一,具有不可替代的生态功能,其重要性已经得到了广泛公认。但是由于湿地自身的脆弱性和人类活动的干扰,很多湿地遭受了严重的破坏,因而湿地的恢复和保护成为生态学研究的热点问题。农业利用是湿地退化的主要原因之一,为了遏制湿地退化态势,多个国家进行了湿地补偿、弃耕湿地恢复的实践,我国众多湖区都也在推行退耕还湿工程。大量退耕湿地亟需科学的指导和管理,因此迫切需要针对退耕湿地的特点开展生态恢复的理论和技术研究。
植被恢复是湿地生态系统恢复的重要部分和前提条件,而种子库是湿地植被更新的潜在力量,是退化湿地自然恢复的基础。以往植被恢复工作主要以地上植被特征为依据,忽视了种子库在恢复中的作用。结合地上植被和种子库进行湿地植被恢复研究,可为退耕湿地植被恢复提供理论基础和技术支持。
本研究首先结合文献资料和实地考察,通过对南四湖湿地植被历史、现状、物种区系组成、生活型谱、不同恢复方式下湿地典型群落的功能特征和关键影响因子的比较分析,对南四湖湿地植被特征进行了研究。然后对南四湖湖滨退耕湿地种子库特征及其影响因素进行了研究：应用种子萌发法测定了不同恢复方式的退耕湿地典型群落土壤种子库不同季节萌发特征；选择冬季种子库进行了水位控制萌发实验,分析了不同水淹对种子库萌发的影响机理,预测了水位急剧上升后依赖种子库萌发而形成的更新植被格局；以春季种子密度较高的芦苇群落和黑杨群落种子库为研究对象通过水位、光照控制条件下种子库萌发实验,进一步分析水位影响幼苗萌发的生态机理。随后在地上植被和种子库研究的基础上,从恢复方式、物种配置等方面提出南四湖湖滨退耕湿地恢复模式。最后,根据研究结果,对退耕湿地植被恢复工作和进一步的研究方向提出了建议。
植被特征研究表明：南四湖湿地植被近几十年来受到人为干扰和水位波动的严重影响,植被分布面积萎缩、生境破碎、植被片段化、多样性降低并存在外来入侵的生态风险,迫切需要恢复和保护；南四湖湿地乡土植物区系成分和生活型谱均反应了该地区气候条件较寒冷潮湿、生境变动频繁；南四湖自然次生湿地群落具有更高的生物多样性,但是人工湿地可在较短时间内恢复植被大部分生态功能；水位和人为干扰是影响群落特征的关键因子。
退耕湿地种子库特征研究表明,南四湖湖滨退耕湿地种子库初步检测到43种维管束植物,平均种子密度为2822粒/m2(0～12499粒/m2),群落类型和恢复方式对种子密度有极显著影响,并且群落类型和恢复方式对种子密度的影响有交互作用,季节和恢复方式对物种数的影响有交互作用,表现在：黑杨(Populus nigra)林群落全年和芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落冬季自然恢复方式的土壤种子库种子密度显著高于人工恢复方式；在冬季,芦苇群落自然恢复方式土壤种子库物种数显著高于人工恢复方式,黑杨群落在秋季和冬季自然恢复方式的土壤种子库物种数显著高于人工恢复；总体看,不同恢复方式对芦苇和黑杨群落的冬季土壤种子库物种数影响更明显。
水位控制萌发实验结果显示水淹30cm处理下萌发的幼苗数最少,且在萌发第二个月水淹30cm处理下萌发的幼苗数显著高于其他处理,说明水淹对于种子萌发有抑制和延迟的作用。从物种水平来看,不同物种种子萌发对水淹的不同反映可通过物种对水淹的耐受能力种特异性解释；从群落水平来看,芦苇群落和黑杨群落种子库萌发更敏感；从恢复方式来看,自然恢复方式的退耕湿地比人工恢复方式的退耕湿地对水淹更为敏感,因此自然恢复的退耕湿地芦苇群落和黑杨群落种子库更容易受到水淹的影响。据此预测,当南四湖蓄水后,湖滨带退耕湿地的挺水植被和湿地森林将会有明显的格局变化,种子库中的一些水生植物可能自然恢复种群,未来群落中适应水淹的物种将更具有优势。另外,对种子库萌发时间动态的分析结果说明延长萌发实验时间能够检测到更多种子,减少实验误差。
水位、光照控制萌发实验结果显示,高光浸渍处理下萌发种子密度和物种数显著高于另外两种处理,黑杨群落种子库在高光水淹30cm下萌发数量显著低于低光浸渍处理。结果表明,光照对于芦苇群落和黑杨群落种子库萌发有促进作用,黑杨群落种子库中的物种对水淹更敏感,水淹和光照的影响因种子库物种特性而异。
植被恢复模式研究建立了湿地植被恢复物种评价指标体系,对南四湖湖滨典型群落中的重要物种进行了综合评价；根据群落种间关系分析结果和各物种在种子库中的更新潜力,建立了初步的物种配置模式,提出了湿地植物管理措施,可应用于南四湖湖滨退耕还湿规划和管理。
综上所述,本研究通过对南四湖湖滨湿地植被和退耕湿地土壤种子库的研究得到了植被和种子库现状,并探讨了恢复方式、水位等植被和种子库的影响,作出了退耕湿地植被适宜人工辅助恢复、南四湖湿地挺水群落和湿地森林受水淹影响较大的结论,建立了南四湖湖滨退耕湿地植被恢复模式。
Wetland which locates in the transitional zone between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is one of the ecosystems with richest biodiversity, highest productivity and numerous irreplaceable ecological functions. Its importance has been recognized widely. Many wetlands had been destroyed seriously due to its internal frangibility and human disturbance in the past century. So the studies on wetland restoration and protection become the hot topic of ecology research. Agricultural utilization is one of the two main causes of wetland degradation. To prevent the degrading trend of wetland, some countries have carried out various programs, such as wetlands compensation and restoration of wetland converted from farmland. In China, the project of converting farmland to wetland is carried out in most of the lake regions. Vegetation restoration of these wetlands lacks the scientific guidance and is in urgent need of the research of ecological restoration on the theories and techniques aiming at the characters of wetlands converted from farmland.
The vegetation restoration is one important and antecedent step for wetland ecosystem restoration. The technique of vegetation restoration includes the selection of restoration mode, the selection and combination of species, etc. Soil seed bank is a stock of regeneration potential of wetland vegetation and it is the basement of natural restoration for degraded wetland. Thus the compositive ecological research on the stand vegetation and the soil seed bank will offer the theoretical basement and technique support.
In this paper, the characters of wetland vegetation in Nansi Lake was studied by comparing the history and the status of wetland vegetation and the functional characters of typical wetland communities restored by different ways, analyzing the characters of the flora and the life-form spectrum of native plants and the key influencing factors. Then, the characters and the main affecting factors of soil seed banks of wetland converting by farmland were studied:the seasonal dynamics of soil seed bank of typical communities from different wetlands were detected by seedling emergence method; a simulation experiment was conducted in lab which simulated three flooding conditions to understand the response of wetland soil seed bank to different hydrological regimes, the prediction of vegetation pattern after Nansi Lake was impounded as a reservoir for China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project was made accordingly; then, a seed bank germination experiment controlling the water level and light conditions was conducted to reveal the ecological mechanism of effect of flooding on the seed germination. On the base of the research of vegetation and soil seed bank, the restoration pattern was suggested for wetland converted from farmland in lakeshore of Nansi Lake. At last, suggestions on vegetation restoration of wetland converted from farmland in lakeshore of Nansi Lake and the future study were proposed.
Results of vegetation study showed that, in Nansi Lake area, the vegetation had been affected seriously by the human disturbances and water-level fluctuation in the past decades, so that it has the trend of area shrinking, habitat broken, and biodiversity declining, at the same time, it is under the threats of vegetation fragmentation and exotic species invasion. Accordingly, wetlands in Nansi Lake are in urgent need of restoration and protection. The flora and the life-form spectrum of native species implied that the local environment was wet and changed frequently; the communities in natural secondary wetland had higher plant biodiversity, while constructed wetland could restore the most wetland ecological functions in a shorter time in term of its coverage and biomass; water level and human disturbances were the key factors influencing the community characters.
Studies on soil seed bank of wetland converted by farmland found that there were43vascular species detected in the soil seed banks of wetland converted from farmland in lakeshore of Nansi Lake and the mean germinable seed density was2822seed/m2(0～12499seed/m2); community type and restoration mode presented significant effects on the germinable seed density and there are significant interaction effects between the two factors, season and restoration mode present significant effect on the germinable species abundance and there were significant interaction effect between them, which were demonstrated in the following aspects:in natural restoration wetland converted from farmland, soil seed banks of Populus nigra Plantation Community in all one year and Phragmites australis community in winter had higher seed density than soil seed banks in constructed wetlands; in the two type wetlands, species abundance of the winter soil seed banks of P. australis community and the summer and winter soil seed banks of P. tomentosa Plantation Community showed the same rule; in a word, restoration mode has stronger impact on the winter soil seed banks of P. australis community and P. tomentosa plantation community.
Results of water controlled germination experiment showed that the seedling number was the least under submerged30cm treatment in all the ten months, but the data in the second month is higher significantly than the other two treatments which indicate that the flooding might delay and suppress the seed germination. From the species perspective, the difference response of distrinct species seeds to flooding could be explained by the species-specific flooding tolerance; from the community perspective, the P. tomentosa plantation and the P. australis community are more sensitive to flooding than the other types; from restoration mode angle, the natural restoration wetland converted from farmland is more sensitive than the man-made restoration one which might be caused by the relatively high proportion of terrestrial plants in the natural restoration wetland in our research. Accordingly, the P. tomentosa plantation and the P. australis community in the natural restoration wetlands will be affected more easily by flooding. Thus, a prediction of vegetation pattern after Nansi Lake was impounded as a reservoir for China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project was made:the pattern of the emergent aquatic vegetation and the wetland forest will change greatly, some aquatic species existing in the soil seed bank might build natural restoring populations; the species with high flooding tolerance will dominate in the future communities. Addtionally, the temporal dynamic of seed ermergence implied the prolonged experiment time could help to decrease the test error.
Results of the water and light controlled germination experiment showed that under substrate-saturated with strong light treatment, the seedling density and species abundance both were higher significantly than those under the other two treatments indicating that light promoted the seed germination of soil seed bank from P. tomentosa plantation and the P. australis community; the seedlings from the P. tomentosa plantation seed bank under flooding30cm with strong light treatment was notable less than those under substrate-saturated with weak light treatment indicating the more sensitivity of species in the P. tomentosa plantation seed bank. In view of the above results, the effect extent of light is different with the species-specific characters of seed bank, the same to flooding. In the studies on the vegetation restoration pattern, an evaluation index system was established for selecting species to restore wetland vegetation, the important species in lakeshore of Nansi Lake wetland communities were evaluated, selected and combined by their interspecific relationship and their regeneration potential in soil seed banks. Accordingly, the primary species configuration pattern was built and the management measures for wetland vegetation were put up which could be used in the practice of "converting farmland to wetland" project.
To sum up, by the studies on vegetation and soil seed banks, their characters were revealed, the influncing mechanisms of restoration mode, water depth and light to soil seed bank were discussed, so the main conclusions were made that the wetland converting from farmland is suitable to be restored by additional artificial help, the ermergent plant communities and the wetland forest could be affect heavily by flooding in lakeshore wetlands of Nansi Lake. Also the wetland vegetation restoration mode in Nansi Lake was suggested based on the study.
植被恢复是湿地生态系统恢复的重要部分和前提条件,而种子库是湿地植被更新的潜在力量,是退化湿地自然恢复的基础。以往植被恢复工作主要以地上植被特征为依据,忽视了种子库在恢复中的作用。结合地上植被和种子库进行湿地植被恢复研究,可为退耕湿地植被恢复提供理论基础和技术支持。
本研究首先结合文献资料和实地考察,通过对南四湖湿地植被历史、现状、物种区系组成、生活型谱、不同恢复方式下湿地典型群落的功能特征和关键影响因子的比较分析,对南四湖湿地植被特征进行了研究。然后对南四湖湖滨退耕湿地种子库特征及其影响因素进行了研究：应用种子萌发法测定了不同恢复方式的退耕湿地典型群落土壤种子库不同季节萌发特征；选择冬季种子库进行了水位控制萌发实验,分析了不同水淹对种子库萌发的影响机理,预测了水位急剧上升后依赖种子库萌发而形成的更新植被格局；以春季种子密度较高的芦苇群落和黑杨群落种子库为研究对象通过水位、光照控制条件下种子库萌发实验,进一步分析水位影响幼苗萌发的生态机理。随后在地上植被和种子库研究的基础上,从恢复方式、物种配置等方面提出南四湖湖滨退耕湿地恢复模式。最后,根据研究结果,对退耕湿地植被恢复工作和进一步的研究方向提出了建议。
植被特征研究表明：南四湖湿地植被近几十年来受到人为干扰和水位波动的严重影响,植被分布面积萎缩、生境破碎、植被片段化、多样性降低并存在外来入侵的生态风险,迫切需要恢复和保护；南四湖湿地乡土植物区系成分和生活型谱均反应了该地区气候条件较寒冷潮湿、生境变动频繁；南四湖自然次生湿地群落具有更高的生物多样性,但是人工湿地可在较短时间内恢复植被大部分生态功能；水位和人为干扰是影响群落特征的关键因子。
退耕湿地种子库特征研究表明,南四湖湖滨退耕湿地种子库初步检测到43种维管束植物,平均种子密度为2822粒/m2(0～12499粒/m2),群落类型和恢复方式对种子密度有极显著影响,并且群落类型和恢复方式对种子密度的影响有交互作用,季节和恢复方式对物种数的影响有交互作用,表现在：黑杨(Populus nigra)林群落全年和芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落冬季自然恢复方式的土壤种子库种子密度显著高于人工恢复方式；在冬季,芦苇群落自然恢复方式土壤种子库物种数显著高于人工恢复方式,黑杨群落在秋季和冬季自然恢复方式的土壤种子库物种数显著高于人工恢复；总体看,不同恢复方式对芦苇和黑杨群落的冬季土壤种子库物种数影响更明显。
水位控制萌发实验结果显示水淹30cm处理下萌发的幼苗数最少,且在萌发第二个月水淹30cm处理下萌发的幼苗数显著高于其他处理,说明水淹对于种子萌发有抑制和延迟的作用。从物种水平来看,不同物种种子萌发对水淹的不同反映可通过物种对水淹的耐受能力种特异性解释；从群落水平来看,芦苇群落和黑杨群落种子库萌发更敏感；从恢复方式来看,自然恢复方式的退耕湿地比人工恢复方式的退耕湿地对水淹更为敏感,因此自然恢复的退耕湿地芦苇群落和黑杨群落种子库更容易受到水淹的影响。据此预测,当南四湖蓄水后,湖滨带退耕湿地的挺水植被和湿地森林将会有明显的格局变化,种子库中的一些水生植物可能自然恢复种群,未来群落中适应水淹的物种将更具有优势。另外,对种子库萌发时间动态的分析结果说明延长萌发实验时间能够检测到更多种子,减少实验误差。
水位、光照控制萌发实验结果显示,高光浸渍处理下萌发种子密度和物种数显著高于另外两种处理,黑杨群落种子库在高光水淹30cm下萌发数量显著低于低光浸渍处理。结果表明,光照对于芦苇群落和黑杨群落种子库萌发有促进作用,黑杨群落种子库中的物种对水淹更敏感,水淹和光照的影响因种子库物种特性而异。
植被恢复模式研究建立了湿地植被恢复物种评价指标体系,对南四湖湖滨典型群落中的重要物种进行了综合评价；根据群落种间关系分析结果和各物种在种子库中的更新潜力,建立了初步的物种配置模式,提出了湿地植物管理措施,可应用于南四湖湖滨退耕还湿规划和管理。
综上所述,本研究通过对南四湖湖滨湿地植被和退耕湿地土壤种子库的研究得到了植被和种子库现状,并探讨了恢复方式、水位等植被和种子库的影响,作出了退耕湿地植被适宜人工辅助恢复、南四湖湿地挺水群落和湿地森林受水淹影响较大的结论,建立了南四湖湖滨退耕湿地植被恢复模式。
Wetland which locates in the transitional zone between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is one of the ecosystems with richest biodiversity, highest productivity and numerous irreplaceable ecological functions. Its importance has been recognized widely. Many wetlands had been destroyed seriously due to its internal frangibility and human disturbance in the past century. So the studies on wetland restoration and protection become the hot topic of ecology research. Agricultural utilization is one of the two main causes of wetland degradation. To prevent the degrading trend of wetland, some countries have carried out various programs, such as wetlands compensation and restoration of wetland converted from farmland. In China, the project of converting farmland to wetland is carried out in most of the lake regions. Vegetation restoration of these wetlands lacks the scientific guidance and is in urgent need of the research of ecological restoration on the theories and techniques aiming at the characters of wetlands converted from farmland.
The vegetation restoration is one important and antecedent step for wetland ecosystem restoration. The technique of vegetation restoration includes the selection of restoration mode, the selection and combination of species, etc. Soil seed bank is a stock of regeneration potential of wetland vegetation and it is the basement of natural restoration for degraded wetland. Thus the compositive ecological research on the stand vegetation and the soil seed bank will offer the theoretical basement and technique support.
In this paper, the characters of wetland vegetation in Nansi Lake was studied by comparing the history and the status of wetland vegetation and the functional characters of typical wetland communities restored by different ways, analyzing the characters of the flora and the life-form spectrum of native plants and the key influencing factors. Then, the characters and the main affecting factors of soil seed banks of wetland converting by farmland were studied:the seasonal dynamics of soil seed bank of typical communities from different wetlands were detected by seedling emergence method; a simulation experiment was conducted in lab which simulated three flooding conditions to understand the response of wetland soil seed bank to different hydrological regimes, the prediction of vegetation pattern after Nansi Lake was impounded as a reservoir for China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project was made accordingly; then, a seed bank germination experiment controlling the water level and light conditions was conducted to reveal the ecological mechanism of effect of flooding on the seed germination. On the base of the research of vegetation and soil seed bank, the restoration pattern was suggested for wetland converted from farmland in lakeshore of Nansi Lake. At last, suggestions on vegetation restoration of wetland converted from farmland in lakeshore of Nansi Lake and the future study were proposed.
Results of vegetation study showed that, in Nansi Lake area, the vegetation had been affected seriously by the human disturbances and water-level fluctuation in the past decades, so that it has the trend of area shrinking, habitat broken, and biodiversity declining, at the same time, it is under the threats of vegetation fragmentation and exotic species invasion. Accordingly, wetlands in Nansi Lake are in urgent need of restoration and protection. The flora and the life-form spectrum of native species implied that the local environment was wet and changed frequently; the communities in natural secondary wetland had higher plant biodiversity, while constructed wetland could restore the most wetland ecological functions in a shorter time in term of its coverage and biomass; water level and human disturbances were the key factors influencing the community characters.
Studies on soil seed bank of wetland converted by farmland found that there were43vascular species detected in the soil seed banks of wetland converted from farmland in lakeshore of Nansi Lake and the mean germinable seed density was2822seed/m2(0～12499seed/m2); community type and restoration mode presented significant effects on the germinable seed density and there are significant interaction effects between the two factors, season and restoration mode present significant effect on the germinable species abundance and there were significant interaction effect between them, which were demonstrated in the following aspects:in natural restoration wetland converted from farmland, soil seed banks of Populus nigra Plantation Community in all one year and Phragmites australis community in winter had higher seed density than soil seed banks in constructed wetlands; in the two type wetlands, species abundance of the winter soil seed banks of P. australis community and the summer and winter soil seed banks of P. tomentosa Plantation Community showed the same rule; in a word, restoration mode has stronger impact on the winter soil seed banks of P. australis community and P. tomentosa plantation community.
Results of water controlled germination experiment showed that the seedling number was the least under submerged30cm treatment in all the ten months, but the data in the second month is higher significantly than the other two treatments which indicate that the flooding might delay and suppress the seed germination. From the species perspective, the difference response of distrinct species seeds to flooding could be explained by the species-specific flooding tolerance; from the community perspective, the P. tomentosa plantation and the P. australis community are more sensitive to flooding than the other types; from restoration mode angle, the natural restoration wetland converted from farmland is more sensitive than the man-made restoration one which might be caused by the relatively high proportion of terrestrial plants in the natural restoration wetland in our research. Accordingly, the P. tomentosa plantation and the P. australis community in the natural restoration wetlands will be affected more easily by flooding. Thus, a prediction of vegetation pattern after Nansi Lake was impounded as a reservoir for China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project was made:the pattern of the emergent aquatic vegetation and the wetland forest will change greatly, some aquatic species existing in the soil seed bank might build natural restoring populations; the species with high flooding tolerance will dominate in the future communities. Addtionally, the temporal dynamic of seed ermergence implied the prolonged experiment time could help to decrease the test error.
Results of the water and light controlled germination experiment showed that under substrate-saturated with strong light treatment, the seedling density and species abundance both were higher significantly than those under the other two treatments indicating that light promoted the seed germination of soil seed bank from P. tomentosa plantation and the P. australis community; the seedlings from the P. tomentosa plantation seed bank under flooding30cm with strong light treatment was notable less than those under substrate-saturated with weak light treatment indicating the more sensitivity of species in the P. tomentosa plantation seed bank. In view of the above results, the effect extent of light is different with the species-specific characters of seed bank, the same to flooding. In the studies on the vegetation restoration pattern, an evaluation index system was established for selecting species to restore wetland vegetation, the important species in lakeshore of Nansi Lake wetland communities were evaluated, selected and combined by their interspecific relationship and their regeneration potential in soil seed banks. Accordingly, the primary species configuration pattern was built and the management measures for wetland vegetation were put up which could be used in the practice of "converting farmland to wetland" project.
To sum up, by the studies on vegetation and soil seed banks, their characters were revealed, the influncing mechanisms of restoration mode, water depth and light to soil seed bank were discussed, so the main conclusions were made that the wetland converting from farmland is suitable to be restored by additional artificial help, the ermergent plant communities and the wetland forest could be affect heavily by flooding in lakeshore wetlands of Nansi Lake. Also the wetland vegetation restoration mode in Nansi Lake was suggested based on the study.
引文
[1]An SQ, Li HB, Guan BH, Zhou CF, et al. China's natural wetlands:past problems, current status, and future challenges. Journal of the Human Environment,2007,36: 335-342.
[2]Barbier EB, Acreman MC, Knowler D. Economic valuation of wetlands:a guide for policy makers and planners. Ramsar Convention Bureau. Gland, Switzerland. 1997.
[3]Yang ZF, Chen B. Systematic studies on wetlands in China. Ecological Modeling, 2011,222:221-223.
[4]Jarrod K, Le Brocque AF and Miller C. Eco-hydrology of dynamic wetlands in an Australian agricultural landscape:a whole of system approach for understanding climate change impacts. In:BALWOIS 2010:Water Observation and Information System for Decision Support,25-29 May 2010, Ohrid, Macedonia.
[5]黄妮,刘殿伟,王宗明等.基于GIS的三江平原退耕还湿空间决策分析.地理科学,2009,29：874-879.
[6]Liu L, Liu J, Wang YT, et al. Cost-benefit analysis and payments for watershed-scale wetland rehabilitation:a case study in Shandong province, China. International Journal of Environmental Research,2011,5:787-796.
[7]严玉平,钱海燕,周杨明等.鄱阳湖双退区受损湿地植被恢复对水质的影响.生态环境学报,2010,19：2136-2141.
[8]Vecrin MP, Diggelen RV, Grevilliot F. et al. Restoration of species-rich flood-plain meadows from abandoned arable fields in NE France. Applied vegetation science,2002,5:263-270.
[9]M A (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC:Island Press, 2005.
[10]彭少麟.恢复生态学与植被重建.生态科学,1996,15：26-31.
[11]刘兴土,姜明,文波龙.2012.我国湿地学科建设与发展的若干问题探讨.杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),11：289-294
[12]崔宝山,刘兴土.湿地恢复研究综述.地球科学进展,1999,14：358-364.
[13]Ren H, Peng SL. Restoration and rebuilding of degraded ecosystem. Youth Geography,1998,3:7-11.
[14]安娜,高乃云,刘长娥.中国湿地的退化原因、评价及保护.生态学杂志,2008,27：821-828.
[15]Jordan WR, "Sunflower Forest":ecological restoration as the basis for a new environmental paradigm. In:Baldwin ADJ, ed. Beyond Preservation:Restoring and Inventing Landscape. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,1995: 17-34.
[16]Jackson LL, Lopoukine D and Hillyard D. Ecologial restoration:a definition and comments. Restoration Ecology,1995,3:71-75.
[17]任海,彭少麟,陆宏芳.退化生态系统恢复与恢复生态学.生态学报,2004,24(8)：1756-1764.
[18]那守海,张杰,莽虹.三江平原湿地生态环境建设刍议.东北林业大学学报,2004,32(2)：78-80.
[19]Nurk K, Truu J, Truu M, et al. Microbial characteristics and nitrogen transformation in planted soil filter for domestic wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A:Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering,2005,40:1201-1214.
[20]Vymazal J. The use constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow for various types of wastewater. Ecological Engineering,2009,35:1-17.
[21]Jenssen PD, Maehlum T and Krogstad T. Potential use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in northern environments. Water Science and Technology,1993,28:149-157.
[22]Gasiunas V, Strusevicius Z and Struseviciene MS. Pollutant removal by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in Lithuania. Journal of environmental science and health, Part A:Toxic/hazardous substances environmental engineering,2005,40:1467-1478.
[23]Vymazal J. Removal of Heavy Metals in a Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxichazardous Substances Environmental Engineering,2005,40:1369-1379.
[24]Aguirre P, Ojeda E and Garcia J. Effect of water depth on the removal of organic matter in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A:Toxic/hazardous Substances Environmental Engineering,2005,40:1457-1466.
[25]Stein OR and Hook PB. Temperature, plants, and oxygen:how does season affect constructed wetland performance? Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A:Toxic/hazardous Substances Environmental Engineering,2005,40: 1331-1342.
[26]Gabriel ML, Chazarenc F, Comeau Y, et al. Effects of artificial aeration, macrophyte species, and loading rate on removal efficiency in constructed wetland mesocosms treating fish farm wastewater. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science,2007,6:409-414.
[27]Gorra R, Coci M, Ambrosoli R, et al. Effects of substratum on the diversity and stability of ammonia-oxidizing communities in a constructed wetland used for wastewater treatment. Journal of Applied Microbiology,2007,103:1442-1452.
[28]Ong SA, Uchiyama K, Inadama D, et al. Performance evaluation of laboratory scale up-flow constructed wetlands with different designs and emergent plants. Bioresource Technology,2010,101(19):7239-7244.
[29]Manios T, Kypriotakis Z, Manios V, et al. Plant species in a two-years-old free water surface constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater in the island of Crete. Journal of Environmental Science and Health,2002,37:1327-1335.
[30]Vymazal J. Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow:a review. Hydrobiologia,2011,674:133-156.
[31]Zhu SX, Ge HL, Ge Y, et al. Effects of plant diversity on biomass production and substrate nitrogen in a subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland. Ecological Engineering,2010,36:1307-1313.
[32]Roberts HA. Seed banks in soils. Advances in Applied Biology,1981,6:1-55.
[33]陈中义,雷泽湘,周进,陈家宽.梁子湖优势沉水植物冬季种子库的初步研究.水生生物学报,2001,25：152-158.
[34]Archibod OW. Seed input as a factor in the regeneration of strip-mine wastes in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Botany,1980,58:1490-1495.
[35]周国英,陈桂琛,王顺忠等.青海湖地区芨芨草草地土壤种子库的初步研究.生态学杂志,2005,24：724-728.
[36]King RS, Richardson CJ, Urban DL, et al. Spatial dependency of vegetation: environment linkages in an anthro-pogenically influenced wetland ecosystem. Ecosystems,2004,7:75-97.
[37]van der Hoek. The influence of water level management on vegetation development. Agricultural Water Management,1988,14:423-437.
[38]Mitsch WJ and Jorgensen SE. Ecological Engineering.1989. New York:John Wiley & Sons.78-91.
[39]彭少麟,任海,张倩媚.退化湿地生态系统恢复的一些理论问题,应用生态学报,2003,14：2026-2030.
[40]周进,刘贵华,潘明清,翟波,何建龙.武昌珞珈山植被及其演替研究.武汉植物学研究,1999,17：332-338.
[41]Song CY and Liu GH. Application of remote sensing detection and GIS in analysis of vegetation pattern dynamics in the Yellow River Delta. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment (English version),2008,6: 62-69.
[42]Domotorfy Z, Reeder D and Pomogyi P. Changes in the macro-vegetation of the Kis-BalatonWetlands over the last two centuries:a GIS perspective. Hydrobiologia,2003,506-509:671-679.
[43]Valta-hulkkonen K, Kanninen A and Pellikka P. Remote sensing and GIS for detecting changes in the aquatic vegetation of a rehabilitated lake. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25:5745-5758.
[44]Raumann CG and Cablk ME. Change in the forested and developed landscape of the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, USA,1940-2002. Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255:3424-3439.
[45]王国安.稳定碳同位素在第四纪古环境研究中的应用.第四纪研究,2003,23：471-484.
[46]郝秀东,欧阳绪红,谢世友等.喀斯特山地典型植被恢复过程中表土孢粉与植被的关系.生态学报,2011,31：2678-2686.
[47]张祖陆,辛良杰,梁春玲.近50年来南四湖湿地水文特征及其生态系统的演化过程分析.地理研究,2007,26：957-966.
[48]杨萍,于秀波,庄绪亮等.中国科学院中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)的现状及未来发展思路.中国科学院院刊,2008.06：555-561.
[49]Brown VK. Early successional changes after land abandonment:the need for research. In Land abandonment and its role in conservation. Proceedings of the Zaragoza-Spain seminar. Seminar series A,1991,15:97-101.
[50]Galatowitsch SM, Whited DC, Lehtinen R, et al. The vegetation of wet meadows in related to their land-use. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2000,60: 121-144.
[51]Sarmiento L. Llambi LD, Escalonal A, et al. Vegetation patterns, regeneration rates and divergence in an old-field succession of the high tropical Andes. Plant Ecology,2003,166:63-74.
[52]Wagner KI, Gallagher SK, Hayes M, et al. Wetland Restoration in the New Millennium:Do Research Efforts Match Opportunities? Restoration Ecology, 2008,16:367-372.
[53]Heik kila H and Lindholm T. The effects of mire drainage and the initial phases of mire restoration on the vegetation in the Seitseminen National Park, Western Finland. Gunneria,1995,70:221-236.
[54]N6ges T and Noges P. The effect of extreme water level decrease on hydrochemistry and phytoplankton in a shallow eutrophic lake. Hydrobiologia, 1999,409:277-283.
[55]Hill NM, Keddy PA and Wisheu IC. A hydrological model for predicting the effects of dams on the shoreline vegetation of lakes and reservoirs. Environmental Management,1998,22:723-736.
[56]吴春笃,孟宪民,储金宇等.北固山湿地水文情势与湿地植被的关系.江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26：331-335.
[57]Toner M and Keddy P. River hydrology and riparian wetlands:A predictive model for ecological assembly. Ecological Applications,1997,7:236-246.
[58]Webb M, Reid M, Capon S, et al. Are flood plain-wetland plant communities determined by seed bank composition or inundation periods? Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems (Proceedings of a symposium held in Dundee, UK, July 2006). IAHS Publish 306,2006:241-248.
[59]Ratti JT, Rocklage AM, Garton EO, et al. Comparison of avian communities on restored and natural wetlands in North and South Dakota. Journal of Wildlife Management,2001,65:676-684.
[60]Liu X, Huang SL, Tang T, et al. Growth characteristics and nutrient removal capability of plants in subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering,2012,44:189-198.
[61]Vymazal J. Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow:a review. Hydrobiologia,2011,674:133-156.
[62]Howe AJ, Rodriguez JF and Saco PM. Surface evolution and carbon sequestration in disturbed and undisturbed wetland soils of the Hunter estuary, southeast Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2009,84:75-83.
[63]Campbell DA, Cole CA and Brooks RP. A comparison of created and natural wetlands in Pennsylvania, USA. Wetlands Ecology and Management,2002,10: 41-49.
[64]Galatowitsch SM and van der Valk AG. The vegetation of restored and natural prairie wetlands. Ecological Applications,1996,6:102-112.
[65]杨华.浅析人工湿地植物的选择原则.广东水利水电,2011,11.101-102.
[66]House CH. Combining constructed wetlands and aquatic and soil filter for reclamation and reuse of water. Ecological Engineering,1999,12:27-38.
[67]Brix H. Use of constructed wetland in water pollution control:Histroicald development, present status, and future perspectives. Water Science and Technology,1994,30:209-223.
[68]吴建强,阮晓红,王雪.人工湿地中水生植物的作用和选择.水资源保护,2005,21：1-6.
[69]廖新佛,骆世明,吴银宝等.人工湿地植物筛选的研究.草业学报,2004,13：39-45.
[70]Juwarkar AS, Oke B, Juwarkar A, et al. Domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland in India. Water Science and Technology,1995,32:291-294.
[71]Vymazal J, Kadlec RH, Brix H. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic-state of the art. Water Science and Technology,1995,32: 357-364.
[72]陈毓华,汪俊三,梁明易等.华南地区11种高等水生维管植物净化城镇污水效益评价.农村生态环境,1995,11：26-29,.
[73]朱启红,夏红霞.新型人工湿地植物种类筛选研究.水生态学杂志,2010,3：30-35
[74]侯志勇,谢永宏,于晓英等.淡水湿地种子库的研究方法、内容与展望.生态学杂志,2008,27：1400-1405.
[75]李洪远,莫训强,郝翠.近30年来土壤种子库研究的回顾与展望.生态环境学报,2009,18：731-737.
[76]Gonzalez-Alday J, Marrsb RH and Martinez-Ruiza C. Soil seed bank formation during early revegetation after hydroseeding in reclaimed coal wastes. Ecological Engineering,2009,35:1062-1069.
[77]Van Der Valk AG and Davis CB. The role of seed banks in the vegetation dynamics of prairie marshes. Ecology,1978,59:322-335.
[78]Neill C, Bezerra MO, McHorney R, et al. Distribution, species composition and management implications of seed banks. Biological Conservation,2009,142: 1350-1361.
[79]Bakker C, Heiko G, Ernst F, et al. Does the seed bank contribute to the restoration of species-rich vegetation in wet dune slacks? Applied Vegetation Science,2005, 8:39-48.
[80]Lu ZJ, Li LF, Jiang MX, et al. Can the soil seed bank contribute to revegetation of the drawdown zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region? Plant Ecology,2010, 209:153-165.
[81]Nishihiro J, Nishihiro MA and Washitani I. Restoration of wetland vegetation using soil seed banks:lessons from a project in Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. Landscape and Ecological Engineering,2006,2:171-176.
[82]Li EH, Liu GH, Li W, et al. The seed-bank of a lakeshore wetland in Lake Honghu:implications for restoration. Plant Ecology,2008,195:69-76.
[83]Klimkowsk A, Diggelen VR, Grootjans PA, et al. Prospects for fen meadow restoration on severely degraded fens. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics,2010,12:245-255.
[84]于顺利,蒋高明.土壤种子库的研究进展及若干研究热点.植物生态学报,2003.27：552-560.
[85]Pake CE and VENABLE DL. Seed bank in desert annuals:Implications for persistence and coexistence in variable environments. Ecology,1996,77: 121-124.
[86]Ter Heerdt GNJ, Verweij GL, Bekker RM, et al. An improved method for seed-bank analysis:seeding emergence after removing the soil by sieving. Functional Ecology,1996,10:144-151.
[87]Thompson K, Bakker JP and Bekker RM. The Soil Seed Banks of Northwest Europe:Methodology, Density and Longevity. Landon:Cambridge University Press,1997:26-32.
[88]Boedeltje G, Ter Heerdt GNJ and Bakker JP. Applying the seedling-emergence method under waterlogged conditions to detect the seed bank of aquatic plants in submerged sediments. Aquatic Botany,2002,72:121-128.
[89]Ter Heerdt GNJ, Schutter A and Bakker JP. The effect of water supply on seed-bank analysis using the seedling-emergence method. Functional Ecology, 1999,13:428-430.
[90]Amiaud B and Touzard B. The relationships between soil seed bank, aboveground vegetation and disturbances in old embanked marshlands of western France. Flora, 2004,199:25-35.
[91]Thompson K. Small-scale heterogeneity in the seed bank of an acidic grassland. Journal of Ecology,1986,74:767-779.
[92]Gross KL. The role of dispersal mechanisms regenerative strategies and seed banks in the vegetation dynamics of the British landscape. Bunee RGH. Howard DC, eds. Species Dispersal in Agricultural Habitats. London:Belhaven,1990: 65-81.
[93]Forcella F. Prediction of weed seeding densities from buffed seed reserves. Weed Research,1992,32:29-28.
[94]Thompson K, Bakker JP and Beller RM. Soil seed banks of North-West Europe: Methodology density and longevity. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. 1997.
[95]Bonis A and Grillas P. Deposition, germination and spatiotemporal patterns of charophyte propagule banks:A review. Aquatic botany,2002,72:235-248.
[96]Capers RS. Macrophyte colonization in a freshwater tidal wetland (Lyme CT, USA). Aquatic botany,2003,77:325-338.
[97]Nielsen UN, Riis T and Brix H. The importance of vegetative and sexual dispersal of Luronium natans. Aquatic Botany,2006,84:165-170.
[98]Grelsson G and Nilsson C. Vegeatation and seed bank relationships on a lakeshore. Freshwater Biology,1991,26:199-207.
[99]Liu WZ, Zhang QF and Liu GH. Seed banks of a river-reservoir wetland system and their implications for vegetation development. Aquatic Botany,2009,90: 7-12.
[100]Capon SJ and Brock MA. Flooding, soil seed bank dynamics and vegetation resilience of a hydrologically variable desert floodplain. Freshwater Biology, 2006,51:206-223.
[101]Peterson JE and Baldwin AH. Seedling emergence from seed banks of tidal freshwater wetlands:response to inundation and sedimentation. Aquatic Botany, 2004,78:243-254.
[102]Leck MA and Simpson RL. Ten-year seed bank and vegetation dynamics of a tidal freshwater marsh. American Journal of Botany.1995,82:1547-1557.
[103]刘贵华,肖葳,陈漱飞等.土壤种子库在长江中下游湿地恢复与生物多样性保护中的作用.自然科学进展,2007,17：741-747.
[104]Valko O, Torok P, Tothmeoresz B et al. Restoration potential in seed banks of acidic fen and dry-mesophilous meadows:can restoration be based on local seed banks? Restoration Ecology,2010,19(101):9-15.
[105]Wilcox DA and Meeker JE. Implications for faunal habitat related to altered macrophyte structure in regulated lakes in Northern Minnesota. Wetlands,1992, 12:192-203.
[106]Leira M and Cantonati M. Effects of water-level fluctuations on lakes:an annotated bibliography. Hydrobiologia,2008,613:171-184.
[107]Leck MA and Brock MA. Ecological and evolutionary trends in wetlands: evidence from seeds and seed banks in New South Wales, Australia and New Jersey, USA. Plant Species Biology,2000,15:97-112.
[108]Keddy PA and Ellis TH. Seedling recruitment of 11 wetland plant species along a water level gradient:shared or distinct responses? Canadian Journal of Botany, 1985,63:1876-1879.
[109]Holzel N and Otte A. Ecological significance of seed germination characteristics in flood-meadow species. Flora,2004,199:2-24.
[110]Baskin JM and Baskin CC. Greenhouse and laboratory studies on the ecological life cycle of Dalea foliosa (Fabaceae), a federal-endangered species. Natural Areas Journal,1998,18:54-62.
[111]Shipley B and Parent M. Germination Responses of 64 Wetland Species in Relation to Seed Size, Minimum Time to Reproduction and Seedling Relative Growth Rate. Functional Ecology,1991,5:111-118.
[112]Shipley B, Keddy PA, Moore DRJ, et al. Regeneration and establishment strategies of emergent macrophytes. Journal of Ecology,1989,77(4):1093-1110.
[113]Cavers, PB and Benoit DL. Seed banks in arable land. In:Ecology of soil seed banks (Leck, M.A., Parker, V.T. & Simpson, R., eds.),1989, Academic Press, San Diego, U.S.A.:309-328.
[114]Devlaeminck R, Bossuyt B and Hermy M. Inflow of seeds through the forest edge:evidence from seed bank and vegetation patterns. Plant Ecology,2005, 176:1-17.
[115]Hopfensperger KN. A review of similarity between seed bank and standing vegetation across ecosystem, Oikos,2007,116:1438-1448.
[116]Martinez-Sanchez JJ, Conesa E, Vicente MJ, et al. Germination responses of Juncus acutus (Juncaceae) and Schoenus nigricans (Cyperaceae) to light and temperature. Aquatic Botany,2006,66:187-171.
[117]Gardarin A, Durr C and Colbach N. Prediction of germination rates of weed species:Relationships between germination speed parameters and species traits Ecological Modelling,2008,222:626-636.
[118]Andersson L, Milberg P and Noronha A. Germination response of weed seeds to light, light of short duration and darkness after stratification in soil. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research,1997,27:113-120.
[119]Milberg P and Andersson L. Does cold stratification level out differences in seed germinability between populations? Plant Ecology,1998,134:225-234.
[120]Chan X, Dou WF and Liu GH. Variation in vegetation and seedbanks of freshwater lakes with contrasting intensity of aquaculture along the Yangtze River, China. Aquatic botany,2010,92:195-199.
[121]Liu GH, Zhou J, Li W, et al. The seed bank in a subtropical freshwater marsh: Implications for wetland restoration. Aquatic Botany,2005,81:1-11.
[122]Gurnell AM, Boitsidis AJ, Thompson K, et al. Seed bank, seed dispersal and vegetation cover:Colonization along a newly-created river channel. Journal of Vegetation Science,2006,17:665-674.
[123]Neff KP and Baldwin AH. Seed dispersal into wetlands:Techniques and results for a restored tidal freshwater marsh. Wetlands,2005,25:392-404.
[124]Seabloom EW, Borer, ET, Boucher VL, et al. Competition, seed limitation, disturbance and reestablishment of California native annual forbs. Ecological Applications,2003,13:575-592.
[125]Miao SL and Zou CB, Seasonal variation in seed bank composition and its interaction with nutrient enrichment in the Everglades wetlands. Aquatic Botany, 2009,90:157-164.
[126]Figueroa JA, Teillier S and Jaksic FM. Composition, size and dynamics of the seed bank in a mediterranean shrubland of Chile. Austral Ecology,2004,29: 574-584.
[127]Lavorel S. Seasonal Patterns in the Seed Bank of Mediterranean Old-Fields. Oikos,1993,67:114-128.
[128]Chan X, Wang XF, Xia J, et al. The effect of temperature, water level and burial depth on seed germination of Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton malaianus. Aquatic Botany,2010,92:28-32.
[129]Bertiller, MB. Seasonal variation in the seed bank of a patagonian grassland in relation to grazing and topography, Journal of Vegetation Science,1992,3: 47-54.
[130]Neff KP, Rusello K and Baldwin AH. Rapid seed bank development in restored tidal freshwater wetlands. Restoration Ecology,2009,17:539-548.
[131]石磊.山东省南四湖水生维管植物研究.国土与自然资源研究,2002,03：69-70.
[132]张祖陆,辛良杰,梁春玲.近50年来南四湖湿地水文特征及其生态系统的演化过程分析.地理研究,2007,26：957-966.
[133]刘恩峰,侯伟,崔莉等.南四湖湿地景观格局变化及原因分析.湿地科学,2009,7：261-265.
[134]李玉凤,王波,李小明.基于spot5影像的南四湖土地覆被分类研究.遥感技术与应用,2008,23：62-66.
[135]罗辉,南水北调改善南四湖水流水质特性及湖滨带控污技术研究[D].河海大学,2006.
[136]夏成宁.紧急实施从长江向南四湖调水保护南四湖生态环境.治淮,2003,01：13-14.
[137]山东省林业监测规划院.南四湖省级自然保护区综合考察报告.2003.
[138]国家林业局调查规划设计院,中国科学院植物研究所.山东南四湖自然保护区综合科学考察报告.2006.
[139]济宁市科学技术委员会编.南四湖自然资源调查及开发利用研究.济南：山东科学技术出版社,1986.
[140]赵善伦,吴志芬,张伟.山东植物区系地理.济南：山东省地图出版社,1997.
[141]Ceschin S, Salerno G and Caneva G. Multitemporal floristic analysis on a humid area in Rome's archaeological site as indicator for environmental change. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009,149:29-42.
[142]张祖陆,沈吉,孙庆义等.南四湖的形成及水环境演变.海洋与湖沼,2002,33：91-48.
[143]王仁卿,周光裕.山东植被.济南：山东科学技术出版社,2000：219.
[144]邓立斌,付福乔,刘德晶等.东南四湖自然保护区综合评价.西部林业科学,2006,35：123-126.
[145]杨丽原,李艳红,刘恩峰等.近50年来自然与人类活动影响下南四湖水位变化研究.中国农村水利水电,2009,07：25-27.
[146]孙娟,张祖陆,彭利民.南四湖湿地面临的威胁及其可持续利用对策.山东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,17：48-41.
[147]于顺利,陈灵芝,马克平.东北地区蒙古栎群落生活型谱比较.林业科学,2000,36：118-121.
[148]刘守江,苏智先,张霞等.陆地植物群落生活型研究进展,四川师范学院学报,2003,24：154-159.
[149]韦红波,李锐,杨勤科.我国植被水土保持功能研究进展.植物生态学报,2002,26：489-496.
[150]周小勇,黄忠良,史军辉.鼎湖山针阔混交林演替过程中群落组成和结构短期动态研究.热带亚热带植物学报,2004,2：323-030.
[151]张金屯.植被与环境关系的分析Ⅰ：DCA排序.山西大学学报(自然科学版),1992,15：182-189.
[152]Mehmeti A, Demaj A and Waldhardt R. Plant species richness and composition in the arable land of Kosovo. Landscape online,2009,11:1-29.
[153]De Steven D, Sharitz RR, Singer JH, et al. Testing a passive revegetation approach for restoring coastal plain depression wetlands. Restoration Ecology, 2006,14:452-460.
[154]Jobe RT and White PS. A new cost-distance model for human accessibility and an evaluation of accessibility bias in permanent vegetation plots in Great Smoky Mountains. National Park, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science,2009,20: 1099-1109.
[155]Sheng S, Xu C, Zhang SW, et al. Hot spots of wetland vegetation reduction in relation to human accessibility:differentiating human impacts on natural ecosystems at multiple scales. Environmental Earth Sciences,2011, web-version.
[156]Balvanera P, Pfisterer AB, Buchmann N, et al. Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecology Letters, 2006,9:1146-1156.
[157]Cardinale BJ, Srivastava DS, Duffy JE, et al. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature,2006,443:989-992.
[158]Huston MA, Aarssen LW, Austin MP, et al. No consistent effect of plant diversity on productivity. Science,2000,289:1255.
[159]Cardinale BJ, Wright JP, Cadotte MW, et al. Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104:18123-18128.
[160]贺金生,方精云,马克平等.生物多样性与生态系统生产力：为什么野外观测和受控实验结果不一致?植物生态学报,2003,27：835-843.
[161]Lu JW, Wang HJ, Wang WD, et al. Vegetation and soil properties in restored wetlands near Lake Taihu, China. Hydrobiologia,2007,581:151-159.
[162]史国鹏,洪剑明,谭月臣等.北京野鸭湖湿地不同植被退化区的土壤种子库特征.湿地科学,2011,9：163-172.
[163]王相磊,周进,李伟等.洪湖湿地退耕初期种子库的季节动态.植物生态学,2003,27：352-359.
[164]Partel M, Helm A, Ingerpuu N, et al. Conservation of Northern European plant diversity:the correspondence with soil pH. Biological Conservation,2004,120: 525-531.
[165]Wassen MJ, Venterink HO, Lapshina ED, et al. Endangered plants persist under phosphorus limitation. Nature,2005,437:547-550.
[166]Webb M, Reid M, Capon S, et al. Are flood plain-wetland plant communities determined by seed bank composition or inundation periods? Paper presented at: Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems 2006. Symposium held by International Association of Hydrological Sciences; Dundee, UK,2006.
[167]Van Der Valk AG, Pederson RL and Davis CB. Restoration and creation of freshwater wetlands using seed banks. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 1992,1:191-197.
[168]Ellis LM, Crawford CS and Molles MCJ. The role of the flood pulse in ecosystem-level process in southwestern riparian forests:a case study from the Middle Rio Grande. In:Middleton, B.A. (Ed.), Flood Pulsing and Wetlands: Restoring the Natural Balance. John Wiley and Sons, New York,2002:51-108.
[169]Raulings EJ, Morris K, Roache MC, et al. Is hydrological manipulation an effective management tool for rehabilitating chronically flooded, brackish-water wetlands? Freshwater Biology,2011,56:2347-2369.
[170]Brock MA. Persistence of seed banks in Australian temporary wetlands. Freshwater Biology,2011,56:1312-1327.
[171]Alexander P, Nielsen DL and Nias D. Response of wetland plant communities to inundation within floodplain landscapes. Ecological Management and Restoration,2008,9:187-195.
[172]Froend RH and Van der Moezel PG. The impact of prolonged flooding on the vegetation of Coomalbidgup Swamp, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia,1994,77:15-22.
[173]Sarneel JM. The dispersal capacity of vegetative propagules of riparian fen species. Hydrobiologia,2012, doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1022-3.
[174]Milber P, Andersson L and Thompson K. Large-seeded species are less dependent on light for germination than small-seeded ones. Seed science research,2000,10:99-104.
[175]Bernhardt K-G, Koch M, Kropf M, et al. Comparison of two methods characterising the seed bank of amphibious plants in submerged sediments. Aquatic Botany,2008,88:171-177.
[176]Hubalck Z. Coefficients of association and similarity basedon binary data:an evaluation. Biological Reviews,1982,57:669-689.
[177]Ludwig J A. Statistical ecology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.1988:5-126.
[178]张峰.张金屯,韩广业.历山自然保护区猪尾沟森林群落树种种间关系及环境解释.植物生态学报,2002,26(增刊)：52-56.
[179]周先叶,王伯荪,李鸣光等.广东黑石顶自然保护区森林次生演替过程中群落的种间联结性分析.植物生态学报,2000,24：332-339.
[180]张忠华,胡刚.喀斯特山地青冈栎群落优势种的种间关系分析.生态环境学报,2011,20：1209-213.
[181]谢湉,巨天珍,师贺雄等.甘肃省小陇山濒危珍稀植物白皮松群落种间关联.生态学杂志,2010,29：448-453.
[182]Bazzaz FA. The physiological ecology of plant succession. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1979,10:351-371.
[2]Barbier EB, Acreman MC, Knowler D. Economic valuation of wetlands:a guide for policy makers and planners. Ramsar Convention Bureau. Gland, Switzerland. 1997.
[3]Yang ZF, Chen B. Systematic studies on wetlands in China. Ecological Modeling, 2011,222:221-223.
[4]Jarrod K, Le Brocque AF and Miller C. Eco-hydrology of dynamic wetlands in an Australian agricultural landscape:a whole of system approach for understanding climate change impacts. In:BALWOIS 2010:Water Observation and Information System for Decision Support,25-29 May 2010, Ohrid, Macedonia.
[5]黄妮,刘殿伟,王宗明等.基于GIS的三江平原退耕还湿空间决策分析.地理科学,2009,29：874-879.
[6]Liu L, Liu J, Wang YT, et al. Cost-benefit analysis and payments for watershed-scale wetland rehabilitation:a case study in Shandong province, China. International Journal of Environmental Research,2011,5:787-796.
[7]严玉平,钱海燕,周杨明等.鄱阳湖双退区受损湿地植被恢复对水质的影响.生态环境学报,2010,19：2136-2141.
[8]Vecrin MP, Diggelen RV, Grevilliot F. et al. Restoration of species-rich flood-plain meadows from abandoned arable fields in NE France. Applied vegetation science,2002,5:263-270.
[9]M A (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC:Island Press, 2005.
[10]彭少麟.恢复生态学与植被重建.生态科学,1996,15：26-31.
[11]刘兴土,姜明,文波龙.2012.我国湿地学科建设与发展的若干问题探讨.杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),11：289-294
[12]崔宝山,刘兴土.湿地恢复研究综述.地球科学进展,1999,14：358-364.
[13]Ren H, Peng SL. Restoration and rebuilding of degraded ecosystem. Youth Geography,1998,3:7-11.
[14]安娜,高乃云,刘长娥.中国湿地的退化原因、评价及保护.生态学杂志,2008,27：821-828.
[15]Jordan WR, "Sunflower Forest":ecological restoration as the basis for a new environmental paradigm. In:Baldwin ADJ, ed. Beyond Preservation:Restoring and Inventing Landscape. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,1995: 17-34.
[16]Jackson LL, Lopoukine D and Hillyard D. Ecologial restoration:a definition and comments. Restoration Ecology,1995,3:71-75.
[17]任海,彭少麟,陆宏芳.退化生态系统恢复与恢复生态学.生态学报,2004,24(8)：1756-1764.
[18]那守海,张杰,莽虹.三江平原湿地生态环境建设刍议.东北林业大学学报,2004,32(2)：78-80.
[19]Nurk K, Truu J, Truu M, et al. Microbial characteristics and nitrogen transformation in planted soil filter for domestic wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A:Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering,2005,40:1201-1214.
[20]Vymazal J. The use constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow for various types of wastewater. Ecological Engineering,2009,35:1-17.
[21]Jenssen PD, Maehlum T and Krogstad T. Potential use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in northern environments. Water Science and Technology,1993,28:149-157.
[22]Gasiunas V, Strusevicius Z and Struseviciene MS. Pollutant removal by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in Lithuania. Journal of environmental science and health, Part A:Toxic/hazardous substances environmental engineering,2005,40:1467-1478.
[23]Vymazal J. Removal of Heavy Metals in a Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxichazardous Substances Environmental Engineering,2005,40:1369-1379.
[24]Aguirre P, Ojeda E and Garcia J. Effect of water depth on the removal of organic matter in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A:Toxic/hazardous Substances Environmental Engineering,2005,40:1457-1466.
[25]Stein OR and Hook PB. Temperature, plants, and oxygen:how does season affect constructed wetland performance? Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A:Toxic/hazardous Substances Environmental Engineering,2005,40: 1331-1342.
[26]Gabriel ML, Chazarenc F, Comeau Y, et al. Effects of artificial aeration, macrophyte species, and loading rate on removal efficiency in constructed wetland mesocosms treating fish farm wastewater. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science,2007,6:409-414.
[27]Gorra R, Coci M, Ambrosoli R, et al. Effects of substratum on the diversity and stability of ammonia-oxidizing communities in a constructed wetland used for wastewater treatment. Journal of Applied Microbiology,2007,103:1442-1452.
[28]Ong SA, Uchiyama K, Inadama D, et al. Performance evaluation of laboratory scale up-flow constructed wetlands with different designs and emergent plants. Bioresource Technology,2010,101(19):7239-7244.
[29]Manios T, Kypriotakis Z, Manios V, et al. Plant species in a two-years-old free water surface constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater in the island of Crete. Journal of Environmental Science and Health,2002,37:1327-1335.
[30]Vymazal J. Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow:a review. Hydrobiologia,2011,674:133-156.
[31]Zhu SX, Ge HL, Ge Y, et al. Effects of plant diversity on biomass production and substrate nitrogen in a subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland. Ecological Engineering,2010,36:1307-1313.
[32]Roberts HA. Seed banks in soils. Advances in Applied Biology,1981,6:1-55.
[33]陈中义,雷泽湘,周进,陈家宽.梁子湖优势沉水植物冬季种子库的初步研究.水生生物学报,2001,25：152-158.
[34]Archibod OW. Seed input as a factor in the regeneration of strip-mine wastes in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Botany,1980,58:1490-1495.
[35]周国英,陈桂琛,王顺忠等.青海湖地区芨芨草草地土壤种子库的初步研究.生态学杂志,2005,24：724-728.
[36]King RS, Richardson CJ, Urban DL, et al. Spatial dependency of vegetation: environment linkages in an anthro-pogenically influenced wetland ecosystem. Ecosystems,2004,7:75-97.
[37]van der Hoek. The influence of water level management on vegetation development. Agricultural Water Management,1988,14:423-437.
[38]Mitsch WJ and Jorgensen SE. Ecological Engineering.1989. New York:John Wiley & Sons.78-91.
[39]彭少麟,任海,张倩媚.退化湿地生态系统恢复的一些理论问题,应用生态学报,2003,14：2026-2030.
[40]周进,刘贵华,潘明清,翟波,何建龙.武昌珞珈山植被及其演替研究.武汉植物学研究,1999,17：332-338.
[41]Song CY and Liu GH. Application of remote sensing detection and GIS in analysis of vegetation pattern dynamics in the Yellow River Delta. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment (English version),2008,6: 62-69.
[42]Domotorfy Z, Reeder D and Pomogyi P. Changes in the macro-vegetation of the Kis-BalatonWetlands over the last two centuries:a GIS perspective. Hydrobiologia,2003,506-509:671-679.
[43]Valta-hulkkonen K, Kanninen A and Pellikka P. Remote sensing and GIS for detecting changes in the aquatic vegetation of a rehabilitated lake. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25:5745-5758.
[44]Raumann CG and Cablk ME. Change in the forested and developed landscape of the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, USA,1940-2002. Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255:3424-3439.
[45]王国安.稳定碳同位素在第四纪古环境研究中的应用.第四纪研究,2003,23：471-484.
[46]郝秀东,欧阳绪红,谢世友等.喀斯特山地典型植被恢复过程中表土孢粉与植被的关系.生态学报,2011,31：2678-2686.
[47]张祖陆,辛良杰,梁春玲.近50年来南四湖湿地水文特征及其生态系统的演化过程分析.地理研究,2007,26：957-966.
[48]杨萍,于秀波,庄绪亮等.中国科学院中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)的现状及未来发展思路.中国科学院院刊,2008.06：555-561.
[49]Brown VK. Early successional changes after land abandonment:the need for research. In Land abandonment and its role in conservation. Proceedings of the Zaragoza-Spain seminar. Seminar series A,1991,15:97-101.
[50]Galatowitsch SM, Whited DC, Lehtinen R, et al. The vegetation of wet meadows in related to their land-use. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2000,60: 121-144.
[51]Sarmiento L. Llambi LD, Escalonal A, et al. Vegetation patterns, regeneration rates and divergence in an old-field succession of the high tropical Andes. Plant Ecology,2003,166:63-74.
[52]Wagner KI, Gallagher SK, Hayes M, et al. Wetland Restoration in the New Millennium:Do Research Efforts Match Opportunities? Restoration Ecology, 2008,16:367-372.
[53]Heik kila H and Lindholm T. The effects of mire drainage and the initial phases of mire restoration on the vegetation in the Seitseminen National Park, Western Finland. Gunneria,1995,70:221-236.
[54]N6ges T and Noges P. The effect of extreme water level decrease on hydrochemistry and phytoplankton in a shallow eutrophic lake. Hydrobiologia, 1999,409:277-283.
[55]Hill NM, Keddy PA and Wisheu IC. A hydrological model for predicting the effects of dams on the shoreline vegetation of lakes and reservoirs. Environmental Management,1998,22:723-736.
[56]吴春笃,孟宪民,储金宇等.北固山湿地水文情势与湿地植被的关系.江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26：331-335.
[57]Toner M and Keddy P. River hydrology and riparian wetlands:A predictive model for ecological assembly. Ecological Applications,1997,7:236-246.
[58]Webb M, Reid M, Capon S, et al. Are flood plain-wetland plant communities determined by seed bank composition or inundation periods? Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems (Proceedings of a symposium held in Dundee, UK, July 2006). IAHS Publish 306,2006:241-248.
[59]Ratti JT, Rocklage AM, Garton EO, et al. Comparison of avian communities on restored and natural wetlands in North and South Dakota. Journal of Wildlife Management,2001,65:676-684.
[60]Liu X, Huang SL, Tang T, et al. Growth characteristics and nutrient removal capability of plants in subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering,2012,44:189-198.
[61]Vymazal J. Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow:a review. Hydrobiologia,2011,674:133-156.
[62]Howe AJ, Rodriguez JF and Saco PM. Surface evolution and carbon sequestration in disturbed and undisturbed wetland soils of the Hunter estuary, southeast Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2009,84:75-83.
[63]Campbell DA, Cole CA and Brooks RP. A comparison of created and natural wetlands in Pennsylvania, USA. Wetlands Ecology and Management,2002,10: 41-49.
[64]Galatowitsch SM and van der Valk AG. The vegetation of restored and natural prairie wetlands. Ecological Applications,1996,6:102-112.
[65]杨华.浅析人工湿地植物的选择原则.广东水利水电,2011,11.101-102.
[66]House CH. Combining constructed wetlands and aquatic and soil filter for reclamation and reuse of water. Ecological Engineering,1999,12:27-38.
[67]Brix H. Use of constructed wetland in water pollution control:Histroicald development, present status, and future perspectives. Water Science and Technology,1994,30:209-223.
[68]吴建强,阮晓红,王雪.人工湿地中水生植物的作用和选择.水资源保护,2005,21：1-6.
[69]廖新佛,骆世明,吴银宝等.人工湿地植物筛选的研究.草业学报,2004,13：39-45.
[70]Juwarkar AS, Oke B, Juwarkar A, et al. Domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland in India. Water Science and Technology,1995,32:291-294.
[71]Vymazal J, Kadlec RH, Brix H. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic-state of the art. Water Science and Technology,1995,32: 357-364.
[72]陈毓华,汪俊三,梁明易等.华南地区11种高等水生维管植物净化城镇污水效益评价.农村生态环境,1995,11：26-29,.
[73]朱启红,夏红霞.新型人工湿地植物种类筛选研究.水生态学杂志,2010,3：30-35
[74]侯志勇,谢永宏,于晓英等.淡水湿地种子库的研究方法、内容与展望.生态学杂志,2008,27：1400-1405.
[75]李洪远,莫训强,郝翠.近30年来土壤种子库研究的回顾与展望.生态环境学报,2009,18：731-737.
[76]Gonzalez-Alday J, Marrsb RH and Martinez-Ruiza C. Soil seed bank formation during early revegetation after hydroseeding in reclaimed coal wastes. Ecological Engineering,2009,35:1062-1069.
[77]Van Der Valk AG and Davis CB. The role of seed banks in the vegetation dynamics of prairie marshes. Ecology,1978,59:322-335.
[78]Neill C, Bezerra MO, McHorney R, et al. Distribution, species composition and management implications of seed banks. Biological Conservation,2009,142: 1350-1361.
[79]Bakker C, Heiko G, Ernst F, et al. Does the seed bank contribute to the restoration of species-rich vegetation in wet dune slacks? Applied Vegetation Science,2005, 8:39-48.
[80]Lu ZJ, Li LF, Jiang MX, et al. Can the soil seed bank contribute to revegetation of the drawdown zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region? Plant Ecology,2010, 209:153-165.
[81]Nishihiro J, Nishihiro MA and Washitani I. Restoration of wetland vegetation using soil seed banks:lessons from a project in Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. Landscape and Ecological Engineering,2006,2:171-176.
[82]Li EH, Liu GH, Li W, et al. The seed-bank of a lakeshore wetland in Lake Honghu:implications for restoration. Plant Ecology,2008,195:69-76.
[83]Klimkowsk A, Diggelen VR, Grootjans PA, et al. Prospects for fen meadow restoration on severely degraded fens. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics,2010,12:245-255.
[84]于顺利,蒋高明.土壤种子库的研究进展及若干研究热点.植物生态学报,2003.27：552-560.
[85]Pake CE and VENABLE DL. Seed bank in desert annuals:Implications for persistence and coexistence in variable environments. Ecology,1996,77: 121-124.
[86]Ter Heerdt GNJ, Verweij GL, Bekker RM, et al. An improved method for seed-bank analysis:seeding emergence after removing the soil by sieving. Functional Ecology,1996,10:144-151.
[87]Thompson K, Bakker JP and Bekker RM. The Soil Seed Banks of Northwest Europe:Methodology, Density and Longevity. Landon:Cambridge University Press,1997:26-32.
[88]Boedeltje G, Ter Heerdt GNJ and Bakker JP. Applying the seedling-emergence method under waterlogged conditions to detect the seed bank of aquatic plants in submerged sediments. Aquatic Botany,2002,72:121-128.
[89]Ter Heerdt GNJ, Schutter A and Bakker JP. The effect of water supply on seed-bank analysis using the seedling-emergence method. Functional Ecology, 1999,13:428-430.
[90]Amiaud B and Touzard B. The relationships between soil seed bank, aboveground vegetation and disturbances in old embanked marshlands of western France. Flora, 2004,199:25-35.
[91]Thompson K. Small-scale heterogeneity in the seed bank of an acidic grassland. Journal of Ecology,1986,74:767-779.
[92]Gross KL. The role of dispersal mechanisms regenerative strategies and seed banks in the vegetation dynamics of the British landscape. Bunee RGH. Howard DC, eds. Species Dispersal in Agricultural Habitats. London:Belhaven,1990: 65-81.
[93]Forcella F. Prediction of weed seeding densities from buffed seed reserves. Weed Research,1992,32:29-28.
[94]Thompson K, Bakker JP and Beller RM. Soil seed banks of North-West Europe: Methodology density and longevity. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. 1997.
[95]Bonis A and Grillas P. Deposition, germination and spatiotemporal patterns of charophyte propagule banks:A review. Aquatic botany,2002,72:235-248.
[96]Capers RS. Macrophyte colonization in a freshwater tidal wetland (Lyme CT, USA). Aquatic botany,2003,77:325-338.
[97]Nielsen UN, Riis T and Brix H. The importance of vegetative and sexual dispersal of Luronium natans. Aquatic Botany,2006,84:165-170.
[98]Grelsson G and Nilsson C. Vegeatation and seed bank relationships on a lakeshore. Freshwater Biology,1991,26:199-207.
[99]Liu WZ, Zhang QF and Liu GH. Seed banks of a river-reservoir wetland system and their implications for vegetation development. Aquatic Botany,2009,90: 7-12.
[100]Capon SJ and Brock MA. Flooding, soil seed bank dynamics and vegetation resilience of a hydrologically variable desert floodplain. Freshwater Biology, 2006,51:206-223.
[101]Peterson JE and Baldwin AH. Seedling emergence from seed banks of tidal freshwater wetlands:response to inundation and sedimentation. Aquatic Botany, 2004,78:243-254.
[102]Leck MA and Simpson RL. Ten-year seed bank and vegetation dynamics of a tidal freshwater marsh. American Journal of Botany.1995,82:1547-1557.
[103]刘贵华,肖葳,陈漱飞等.土壤种子库在长江中下游湿地恢复与生物多样性保护中的作用.自然科学进展,2007,17：741-747.
[104]Valko O, Torok P, Tothmeoresz B et al. Restoration potential in seed banks of acidic fen and dry-mesophilous meadows:can restoration be based on local seed banks? Restoration Ecology,2010,19(101):9-15.
[105]Wilcox DA and Meeker JE. Implications for faunal habitat related to altered macrophyte structure in regulated lakes in Northern Minnesota. Wetlands,1992, 12:192-203.
[106]Leira M and Cantonati M. Effects of water-level fluctuations on lakes:an annotated bibliography. Hydrobiologia,2008,613:171-184.
[107]Leck MA and Brock MA. Ecological and evolutionary trends in wetlands: evidence from seeds and seed banks in New South Wales, Australia and New Jersey, USA. Plant Species Biology,2000,15:97-112.
[108]Keddy PA and Ellis TH. Seedling recruitment of 11 wetland plant species along a water level gradient:shared or distinct responses? Canadian Journal of Botany, 1985,63:1876-1879.
[109]Holzel N and Otte A. Ecological significance of seed germination characteristics in flood-meadow species. Flora,2004,199:2-24.
[110]Baskin JM and Baskin CC. Greenhouse and laboratory studies on the ecological life cycle of Dalea foliosa (Fabaceae), a federal-endangered species. Natural Areas Journal,1998,18:54-62.
[111]Shipley B and Parent M. Germination Responses of 64 Wetland Species in Relation to Seed Size, Minimum Time to Reproduction and Seedling Relative Growth Rate. Functional Ecology,1991,5:111-118.
[112]Shipley B, Keddy PA, Moore DRJ, et al. Regeneration and establishment strategies of emergent macrophytes. Journal of Ecology,1989,77(4):1093-1110.
[113]Cavers, PB and Benoit DL. Seed banks in arable land. In:Ecology of soil seed banks (Leck, M.A., Parker, V.T. & Simpson, R., eds.),1989, Academic Press, San Diego, U.S.A.:309-328.
[114]Devlaeminck R, Bossuyt B and Hermy M. Inflow of seeds through the forest edge:evidence from seed bank and vegetation patterns. Plant Ecology,2005, 176:1-17.
[115]Hopfensperger KN. A review of similarity between seed bank and standing vegetation across ecosystem, Oikos,2007,116:1438-1448.
[116]Martinez-Sanchez JJ, Conesa E, Vicente MJ, et al. Germination responses of Juncus acutus (Juncaceae) and Schoenus nigricans (Cyperaceae) to light and temperature. Aquatic Botany,2006,66:187-171.
[117]Gardarin A, Durr C and Colbach N. Prediction of germination rates of weed species:Relationships between germination speed parameters and species traits Ecological Modelling,2008,222:626-636.
[118]Andersson L, Milberg P and Noronha A. Germination response of weed seeds to light, light of short duration and darkness after stratification in soil. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research,1997,27:113-120.
[119]Milberg P and Andersson L. Does cold stratification level out differences in seed germinability between populations? Plant Ecology,1998,134:225-234.
[120]Chan X, Dou WF and Liu GH. Variation in vegetation and seedbanks of freshwater lakes with contrasting intensity of aquaculture along the Yangtze River, China. Aquatic botany,2010,92:195-199.
[121]Liu GH, Zhou J, Li W, et al. The seed bank in a subtropical freshwater marsh: Implications for wetland restoration. Aquatic Botany,2005,81:1-11.
[122]Gurnell AM, Boitsidis AJ, Thompson K, et al. Seed bank, seed dispersal and vegetation cover:Colonization along a newly-created river channel. Journal of Vegetation Science,2006,17:665-674.
[123]Neff KP and Baldwin AH. Seed dispersal into wetlands:Techniques and results for a restored tidal freshwater marsh. Wetlands,2005,25:392-404.
[124]Seabloom EW, Borer, ET, Boucher VL, et al. Competition, seed limitation, disturbance and reestablishment of California native annual forbs. Ecological Applications,2003,13:575-592.
[125]Miao SL and Zou CB, Seasonal variation in seed bank composition and its interaction with nutrient enrichment in the Everglades wetlands. Aquatic Botany, 2009,90:157-164.
[126]Figueroa JA, Teillier S and Jaksic FM. Composition, size and dynamics of the seed bank in a mediterranean shrubland of Chile. Austral Ecology,2004,29: 574-584.
[127]Lavorel S. Seasonal Patterns in the Seed Bank of Mediterranean Old-Fields. Oikos,1993,67:114-128.
[128]Chan X, Wang XF, Xia J, et al. The effect of temperature, water level and burial depth on seed germination of Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton malaianus. Aquatic Botany,2010,92:28-32.
[129]Bertiller, MB. Seasonal variation in the seed bank of a patagonian grassland in relation to grazing and topography, Journal of Vegetation Science,1992,3: 47-54.
[130]Neff KP, Rusello K and Baldwin AH. Rapid seed bank development in restored tidal freshwater wetlands. Restoration Ecology,2009,17:539-548.
[131]石磊.山东省南四湖水生维管植物研究.国土与自然资源研究,2002,03：69-70.
[132]张祖陆,辛良杰,梁春玲.近50年来南四湖湿地水文特征及其生态系统的演化过程分析.地理研究,2007,26：957-966.
[133]刘恩峰,侯伟,崔莉等.南四湖湿地景观格局变化及原因分析.湿地科学,2009,7：261-265.
[134]李玉凤,王波,李小明.基于spot5影像的南四湖土地覆被分类研究.遥感技术与应用,2008,23：62-66.
[135]罗辉,南水北调改善南四湖水流水质特性及湖滨带控污技术研究[D].河海大学,2006.
[136]夏成宁.紧急实施从长江向南四湖调水保护南四湖生态环境.治淮,2003,01：13-14.
[137]山东省林业监测规划院.南四湖省级自然保护区综合考察报告.2003.
[138]国家林业局调查规划设计院,中国科学院植物研究所.山东南四湖自然保护区综合科学考察报告.2006.
[139]济宁市科学技术委员会编.南四湖自然资源调查及开发利用研究.济南：山东科学技术出版社,1986.
[140]赵善伦,吴志芬,张伟.山东植物区系地理.济南：山东省地图出版社,1997.
[141]Ceschin S, Salerno G and Caneva G. Multitemporal floristic analysis on a humid area in Rome's archaeological site as indicator for environmental change. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009,149:29-42.
[142]张祖陆,沈吉,孙庆义等.南四湖的形成及水环境演变.海洋与湖沼,2002,33：91-48.
[143]王仁卿,周光裕.山东植被.济南：山东科学技术出版社,2000：219.
[144]邓立斌,付福乔,刘德晶等.东南四湖自然保护区综合评价.西部林业科学,2006,35：123-126.
[145]杨丽原,李艳红,刘恩峰等.近50年来自然与人类活动影响下南四湖水位变化研究.中国农村水利水电,2009,07：25-27.
[146]孙娟,张祖陆,彭利民.南四湖湿地面临的威胁及其可持续利用对策.山东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,17：48-41.
[147]于顺利,陈灵芝,马克平.东北地区蒙古栎群落生活型谱比较.林业科学,2000,36：118-121.
[148]刘守江,苏智先,张霞等.陆地植物群落生活型研究进展,四川师范学院学报,2003,24：154-159.
[149]韦红波,李锐,杨勤科.我国植被水土保持功能研究进展.植物生态学报,2002,26：489-496.
[150]周小勇,黄忠良,史军辉.鼎湖山针阔混交林演替过程中群落组成和结构短期动态研究.热带亚热带植物学报,2004,2：323-030.
[151]张金屯.植被与环境关系的分析Ⅰ：DCA排序.山西大学学报(自然科学版),1992,15：182-189.
[152]Mehmeti A, Demaj A and Waldhardt R. Plant species richness and composition in the arable land of Kosovo. Landscape online,2009,11:1-29.
[153]De Steven D, Sharitz RR, Singer JH, et al. Testing a passive revegetation approach for restoring coastal plain depression wetlands. Restoration Ecology, 2006,14:452-460.
[154]Jobe RT and White PS. A new cost-distance model for human accessibility and an evaluation of accessibility bias in permanent vegetation plots in Great Smoky Mountains. National Park, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science,2009,20: 1099-1109.
[155]Sheng S, Xu C, Zhang SW, et al. Hot spots of wetland vegetation reduction in relation to human accessibility:differentiating human impacts on natural ecosystems at multiple scales. Environmental Earth Sciences,2011, web-version.
[156]Balvanera P, Pfisterer AB, Buchmann N, et al. Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecology Letters, 2006,9:1146-1156.
[157]Cardinale BJ, Srivastava DS, Duffy JE, et al. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature,2006,443:989-992.
[158]Huston MA, Aarssen LW, Austin MP, et al. No consistent effect of plant diversity on productivity. Science,2000,289:1255.
[159]Cardinale BJ, Wright JP, Cadotte MW, et al. Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104:18123-18128.
[160]贺金生,方精云,马克平等.生物多样性与生态系统生产力：为什么野外观测和受控实验结果不一致?植物生态学报,2003,27：835-843.
[161]Lu JW, Wang HJ, Wang WD, et al. Vegetation and soil properties in restored wetlands near Lake Taihu, China. Hydrobiologia,2007,581:151-159.
[162]史国鹏,洪剑明,谭月臣等.北京野鸭湖湿地不同植被退化区的土壤种子库特征.湿地科学,2011,9：163-172.
[163]王相磊,周进,李伟等.洪湖湿地退耕初期种子库的季节动态.植物生态学,2003,27：352-359.
[164]Partel M, Helm A, Ingerpuu N, et al. Conservation of Northern European plant diversity:the correspondence with soil pH. Biological Conservation,2004,120: 525-531.
[165]Wassen MJ, Venterink HO, Lapshina ED, et al. Endangered plants persist under phosphorus limitation. Nature,2005,437:547-550.
[166]Webb M, Reid M, Capon S, et al. Are flood plain-wetland plant communities determined by seed bank composition or inundation periods? Paper presented at: Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems 2006. Symposium held by International Association of Hydrological Sciences; Dundee, UK,2006.
[167]Van Der Valk AG, Pederson RL and Davis CB. Restoration and creation of freshwater wetlands using seed banks. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 1992,1:191-197.
[168]Ellis LM, Crawford CS and Molles MCJ. The role of the flood pulse in ecosystem-level process in southwestern riparian forests:a case study from the Middle Rio Grande. In:Middleton, B.A. (Ed.), Flood Pulsing and Wetlands: Restoring the Natural Balance. John Wiley and Sons, New York,2002:51-108.
[169]Raulings EJ, Morris K, Roache MC, et al. Is hydrological manipulation an effective management tool for rehabilitating chronically flooded, brackish-water wetlands? Freshwater Biology,2011,56:2347-2369.
[170]Brock MA. Persistence of seed banks in Australian temporary wetlands. Freshwater Biology,2011,56:1312-1327.
[171]Alexander P, Nielsen DL and Nias D. Response of wetland plant communities to inundation within floodplain landscapes. Ecological Management and Restoration,2008,9:187-195.
[172]Froend RH and Van der Moezel PG. The impact of prolonged flooding on the vegetation of Coomalbidgup Swamp, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia,1994,77:15-22.
[173]Sarneel JM. The dispersal capacity of vegetative propagules of riparian fen species. Hydrobiologia,2012, doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1022-3.
[174]Milber P, Andersson L and Thompson K. Large-seeded species are less dependent on light for germination than small-seeded ones. Seed science research,2000,10:99-104.
[175]Bernhardt K-G, Koch M, Kropf M, et al. Comparison of two methods characterising the seed bank of amphibious plants in submerged sediments. Aquatic Botany,2008,88:171-177.
[176]Hubalck Z. Coefficients of association and similarity basedon binary data:an evaluation. Biological Reviews,1982,57:669-689.
[177]Ludwig J A. Statistical ecology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.1988:5-126.
[178]张峰.张金屯,韩广业.历山自然保护区猪尾沟森林群落树种种间关系及环境解释.植物生态学报,2002,26(增刊)：52-56.
[179]周先叶,王伯荪,李鸣光等.广东黑石顶自然保护区森林次生演替过程中群落的种间联结性分析.植物生态学报,2000,24：332-339.
[180]张忠华,胡刚.喀斯特山地青冈栎群落优势种的种间关系分析.生态环境学报,2011,20：1209-213.
[181]谢湉,巨天珍,师贺雄等.甘肃省小陇山濒危珍稀植物白皮松群落种间关联.生态学杂志,2010,29：448-453.
[182]Bazzaz FA. The physiological ecology of plant succession. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1979,10:351-371.