供热物联网系统的设计及组网算法研究
摘要
随着我国集中供热、分户计量工作的深入开展，物联网在热力系统的应用受到了广泛关注，由此产生了基于物联网架构的供热网络，即供热物联网。本课题在对国内外研究深入分析的基础上，对供热物联网系统进行了研究。
首先，分析了现有供热网络中存在的问题，设计了一种基于物联网架构的供热系统。该系统包括基于ZigBee技术的信息采集子系统、基于GPRS技术的信息传输子系统和供热物联网软件系统。
其次，采用ZigBee无线传感网络技术和GPRS远程传输技术相结合的组网方法，构造了一种安全可靠的无线智能监控网络；配置了数据监测管理系统，实现了供热物联网传输模块的串口数据通讯系统；设计了信息管理软件总体结构，采用模块化思想满足集中供热网络系统需求；开发了数据监测管理中心的信息监控及收费软件，实现供热系统所需要的各种功能。
再次，为解决供热物联网中集中供热、分户计量及传感节点层次结构复杂等难题并提高热计量表数据传送的准确性和及时性，对系统特点进行深入的探讨，在ZigBee无线传感网络技术和GPRS远程传输技术相结合的组网方法基础上，将超图理论引入到供热物联网中，把热网中大规模、强连通的采集数据的无线传感器网络拓扑抽象为超图模型，提出了一种基于超图模型的组网算法。
最后，进行了实验和结果分析，测试了供热物联网系统。将基于超图模型的组网算法与经典的LEACH算法进行比较，验证组网算法的正确性和有效性。对供热物联网硬件系统、串口程序和交互系统进行测试，判断热计量表数据能否通过ZigBee模块与GPRS模块准确的传送到监控系统的数据库中，分析系统的实际运行性能。
Along with deep development of centralized heating, household metering in ourcountry, it is a hot point of the Internet of things in the heating system, producing aheating network based on Internet of things, which is the heating Internet of things. In theanalysis of the domestic and international research, we deeply study the Internet of thingsin heating system.
Firstly, in view of the problems in existing heating networks, a shceme which is fitfor the Internet of things in heating system is designed. The system includes theinformation collection subsystem based on ZigBee technology, the informationtransmission subsystem based on GPRS technology, and software subsystem in heatingnetwork.
Secondly, we use the ZigBee wireless sensor technology and GPRS remotetransmission technique, construct a safe and reliable wireless intelligent monitoringnetwork; configure data monitoring management system to achieve serial datacommunication system of the transmission module in heating network; design the overallstructure of the information management software, using modular thinking to realize thesystem requirements of the centralized heating network; develop information monitoringand charging software in data monitoring management center to meet needs of thevarious functions in heating system.
Again, in order to solve problems of centralized heating, household metering,complex structure of sensor nodes in heating networks and enhance accuracy andtimeliness of the heating data, the system characteristics were analysed in depth. We usethe ZigBee wireless sensor network technology and GPRS remote transmission technique,take the hypergraph theory into heat-supply networks and propose a kind of routingalgorithm based on the hypergraph model. This algorithm abstracts the heating networkof large-scale, strong connected wireless sensor network as the hypergraph model.
Finally, experiments are carried out, the results are analyzed, and we test the heatingsystem. Compared the routing algorithm based on the hypergraph model with the classic LEACH algorithm, the algorithm analysis and experimental results show that it caneffectively improve the success rate of data transmission, balance the node’s energyconsumption and prolong the lifetime of heating networks. On the heating system the testresults show that it operates well and meet the multiple needs of the heating network.
首先，分析了现有供热网络中存在的问题，设计了一种基于物联网架构的供热系统。该系统包括基于ZigBee技术的信息采集子系统、基于GPRS技术的信息传输子系统和供热物联网软件系统。
其次，采用ZigBee无线传感网络技术和GPRS远程传输技术相结合的组网方法，构造了一种安全可靠的无线智能监控网络；配置了数据监测管理系统，实现了供热物联网传输模块的串口数据通讯系统；设计了信息管理软件总体结构，采用模块化思想满足集中供热网络系统需求；开发了数据监测管理中心的信息监控及收费软件，实现供热系统所需要的各种功能。
再次，为解决供热物联网中集中供热、分户计量及传感节点层次结构复杂等难题并提高热计量表数据传送的准确性和及时性，对系统特点进行深入的探讨，在ZigBee无线传感网络技术和GPRS远程传输技术相结合的组网方法基础上，将超图理论引入到供热物联网中，把热网中大规模、强连通的采集数据的无线传感器网络拓扑抽象为超图模型，提出了一种基于超图模型的组网算法。
最后，进行了实验和结果分析，测试了供热物联网系统。将基于超图模型的组网算法与经典的LEACH算法进行比较，验证组网算法的正确性和有效性。对供热物联网硬件系统、串口程序和交互系统进行测试，判断热计量表数据能否通过ZigBee模块与GPRS模块准确的传送到监控系统的数据库中，分析系统的实际运行性能。
Along with deep development of centralized heating, household metering in ourcountry, it is a hot point of the Internet of things in the heating system, producing aheating network based on Internet of things, which is the heating Internet of things. In theanalysis of the domestic and international research, we deeply study the Internet of thingsin heating system.
Firstly, in view of the problems in existing heating networks, a shceme which is fitfor the Internet of things in heating system is designed. The system includes theinformation collection subsystem based on ZigBee technology, the informationtransmission subsystem based on GPRS technology, and software subsystem in heatingnetwork.
Secondly, we use the ZigBee wireless sensor technology and GPRS remotetransmission technique, construct a safe and reliable wireless intelligent monitoringnetwork; configure data monitoring management system to achieve serial datacommunication system of the transmission module in heating network; design the overallstructure of the information management software, using modular thinking to realize thesystem requirements of the centralized heating network; develop information monitoringand charging software in data monitoring management center to meet needs of thevarious functions in heating system.
Again, in order to solve problems of centralized heating, household metering,complex structure of sensor nodes in heating networks and enhance accuracy andtimeliness of the heating data, the system characteristics were analysed in depth. We usethe ZigBee wireless sensor network technology and GPRS remote transmission technique,take the hypergraph theory into heat-supply networks and propose a kind of routingalgorithm based on the hypergraph model. This algorithm abstracts the heating networkof large-scale, strong connected wireless sensor network as the hypergraph model.
Finally, experiments are carried out, the results are analyzed, and we test the heatingsystem. Compared the routing algorithm based on the hypergraph model with the classic LEACH algorithm, the algorithm analysis and experimental results show that it caneffectively improve the success rate of data transmission, balance the node’s energyconsumption and prolong the lifetime of heating networks. On the heating system the testresults show that it operates well and meet the multiple needs of the heating network.
引文
[1]马维华.基于故障检测的新型集中抄表系统硬件设计[J].小型微型计算机系统, 2004, 25(4):770-773.
[2]刘舰，于戈，高艳娇，赵玉来.集中供热分户计量的几个问题[J].辽宁工学院学报, 2005,25(6): 390-391.
[3]王建平，徐永华.浅谈推广分户热计量系统过程中的若干问题[J].区域供热, 2011, (2):24-25.
[4]陈柳钦.物联网：中国在行动[J].高科技与产业化, 2010, (10): 23-25.
[5] Guinard D., Trifa V., Pham T., et al. Towards Physical Mashups in the Web of Things[C].Switzerland: SAP Research Zurich and Institute for Pervasive Computing ETH Zurich, 2009:1-2.
[6] HAYES Brian, Cloud computing[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2008, 51(7): 9-11.
[7] Guinard D, Trifa V, Towards the Web of Things: Web Mashups for Embedded Devices[C]//In2nd Workshop on Mashups, Enterprise Mashups and Lightweight Composition on the Web(MEM), Madrid, Spain, 2009: 863-864.
[8]沈苏彬,范曲立,宗平,毛燕琴,黄维.物联网的体系结构与相关技术研究[J].南京邮电大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 29(6): 7-8.
[9]孔宁,李晓东,罗万明,阎保平.物联网资源寻址模型[J].软件学报, 2010, 21(7): 1658.
[10]屈军锁，朱志祥.可运营管理的通用物联网体系结构研究[J].西安邮电学院学报, 2010,15(6): 68-72.
[11] International Telecommunication Union. Internet Reports:the Internet of things[R]. Geneva: ITU,2005: 13-16.
[12]陈文艺.物联网技术的现状及其在工业信息化中的作用[J].西安邮电学院学报, 2010, 15(6):73-74.
[13] Commission of the European communities. Internet of things-an action plan for Europe, Brussels[EB/OL]. (2009-06-18)[2010-05-12]. http: //ec.europa.eu/information society/policy/rfid/docu-ments/commiot2009.pdf.
[14]韩国信息通信.韩国计划至2012年构建“物联网”基础设施[EB/0L]. (2009-12-04)[2010-05-18]. http: //www.c114.net/news/17/a450913.html.
[15]宁焕生，徐群玉.全球物联网发展及中国物联网建设若干思考[J].电子学报, 2010, 38(11):2590-2599.
[16]娄华东，崔小永.李伯虎院士谈物联网[J].中国航天, 2010, (11): 38-44.
[17]王忠敏. EPC与物联网[M].北京:中国标准出版社, 2004: 123-126.
[18]李虹.物联网—生产力的变革[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2010: 101-105.
[19] A.Dada et al. Sensor Applications in the Supply Chain: The Example of Quality-Based Issuingof Perishables[J]. IOT, Springer, 2008: 56-59.
[20]周建良.物联网在电子商务中的应用[J]. Bossiness Journal, 2009, (12): 7-9.
[21] C. Decker et al. Cost-Benefit Model for Smart Items in the supply Chain[J]. IOT, Springer, 2008:70-75.
[22]张莉莉，史鹏飞，陈剑.物联网在智能交通中的应用研究[J].中国科技博览. 2010: 179-180.
[23] E. Grummt et al. Fine-Grained Access Control for EPC Information Services[J]. IOT, Springer,2008: 56-59.
[24]金晨雨,刘淑敏.基于M.Bus总线的热力站监测系统[J].仪器仪表用户, 2005, 12(1):105-106.
[25]罗志荣，邸亮．供热分户计量试点工作初探[J].甘肃科技, 2007, (03): 181-184.
[26]邵光.基于GPRS和ZigBee自动抄表的无磁热量表的设计与实现[D].山东农业大学, 2010:42-45.
[27]罗继杰.节能减排——暖通空调(设计)行业面临的机遇和挑战[J].暖通空调, 2012, 42(1):1-7.
[28]张雪坤，陈金鹰，季翔宇. ZigBee技术在传感网中的应用研究[J].通信与信息技术, 2010, (2):48-50.
[29]姚钢，丛秋波. TI的ZigBee拓展物联网应用[J].电子设计技术, 2011, (8): 18-19.
[30]郑相权.无线自组网技术实现教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004: 15-19.
[31]马海.基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的远程数据监测的设计与实现[D].武汉理工大学, 2010:32-35.
[32] Goodman D. General Packet Radio Sevice in GSM[J]. Communications Magzine, 1997, 35(10):122-131.
[33] Mishra A. Performance and architecture of SGSN and GGSN of general Packet radio service[C].Global Telecommunications Conference, SanAntonio, 2001: 3494-3498.
[34]蒋文怡，钟章队.基于GPRS的移动互联网[J].电信工程技术与标准化, 2001, (3): 33-37.
[35]王向阳.基于GPRS的集中器设计[J].沈阳大学学报, 2008, 20(2): 25-28.
[36]翟宏伟.基于物联网技术的智能家庭应用研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学电子与通信工程学科硕士学位论文，2011: 13-15.
[37]陈红霞，赵俊钰.物联网感知层标准体系架构研究[J].电信科学, 2011, (9): 101-105.
[38]赵凯，张峰.基于北斗卫星系统的物联网网络层体系架构设想[J].计算机系统应用, 2011,20(5): 6-8.
[39]乔亲旺.物联网应用层关键技术研究[J].电信科学, 2011, (10): 59-62.
[40]冷亮,刘丹.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络[J].中国科技财富. 2008 (07): 77-80.
[41]金纯,蒋小宇,罗祖秋. ZigBee与蓝牙的分析与比较[J].标准与技术追踪. 2004: 12-18.
[42] Hwang Yong-Seok, Yoo Hyung-Joun. A Low Power Folded RF Front-End with Merged LNAand Mixer for ZigBee/Bluetooth[J]. Radio and Wireless Symposium 2007 IEEE. Jan 2007: 85-86.
[43]任秀丽，于海斌.基于ZigBee技术的无线传感网的安全分析[J].计算机科学, 2006, 33(10):111-113.
[44] Lindemann, Christoph. Performance analysis of the general packet radio service[J]. ComputerNetworks, 2003, 41(1): 10-17.
[45] Cao jian, Qian suxiang, Hu Hongsheng, Yan Gongbiao. Wireless Monitoring and AssessmentSystem Quality Based on GPRS[J]. The Eighth International Conference on ElectronicMeasurement and Instruments, 2007: 124-127.
[46] Kagan Tumer, Adrian K.Agogino. Ensemble cluster with voting active clusters[J]. PatternRecognition Letters, 2008, 29(14): 1947-1953.
[47] Kuban I Altinel, Necati Arsa, Evren Cuney, et al. Binary interger programming formulation andheuristics for differentiated coverage in heterogeneous sensor networks[J]. Compute Networks,2008, 52(12): 2419-2431.
[2]刘舰，于戈，高艳娇，赵玉来.集中供热分户计量的几个问题[J].辽宁工学院学报, 2005,25(6): 390-391.
[3]王建平，徐永华.浅谈推广分户热计量系统过程中的若干问题[J].区域供热, 2011, (2):24-25.
[4]陈柳钦.物联网：中国在行动[J].高科技与产业化, 2010, (10): 23-25.
[5] Guinard D., Trifa V., Pham T., et al. Towards Physical Mashups in the Web of Things[C].Switzerland: SAP Research Zurich and Institute for Pervasive Computing ETH Zurich, 2009:1-2.
[6] HAYES Brian, Cloud computing[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2008, 51(7): 9-11.
[7] Guinard D, Trifa V, Towards the Web of Things: Web Mashups for Embedded Devices[C]//In2nd Workshop on Mashups, Enterprise Mashups and Lightweight Composition on the Web(MEM), Madrid, Spain, 2009: 863-864.
[8]沈苏彬,范曲立,宗平,毛燕琴,黄维.物联网的体系结构与相关技术研究[J].南京邮电大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 29(6): 7-8.
[9]孔宁,李晓东,罗万明,阎保平.物联网资源寻址模型[J].软件学报, 2010, 21(7): 1658.
[10]屈军锁，朱志祥.可运营管理的通用物联网体系结构研究[J].西安邮电学院学报, 2010,15(6): 68-72.
[11] International Telecommunication Union. Internet Reports:the Internet of things[R]. Geneva: ITU,2005: 13-16.
[12]陈文艺.物联网技术的现状及其在工业信息化中的作用[J].西安邮电学院学报, 2010, 15(6):73-74.
[13] Commission of the European communities. Internet of things-an action plan for Europe, Brussels[EB/OL]. (2009-06-18)[2010-05-12]. http: //ec.europa.eu/information society/policy/rfid/docu-ments/commiot2009.pdf.
[14]韩国信息通信.韩国计划至2012年构建“物联网”基础设施[EB/0L]. (2009-12-04)[2010-05-18]. http: //www.c114.net/news/17/a450913.html.
[15]宁焕生，徐群玉.全球物联网发展及中国物联网建设若干思考[J].电子学报, 2010, 38(11):2590-2599.
[16]娄华东，崔小永.李伯虎院士谈物联网[J].中国航天, 2010, (11): 38-44.
[17]王忠敏. EPC与物联网[M].北京:中国标准出版社, 2004: 123-126.
[18]李虹.物联网—生产力的变革[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2010: 101-105.
[19] A.Dada et al. Sensor Applications in the Supply Chain: The Example of Quality-Based Issuingof Perishables[J]. IOT, Springer, 2008: 56-59.
[20]周建良.物联网在电子商务中的应用[J]. Bossiness Journal, 2009, (12): 7-9.
[21] C. Decker et al. Cost-Benefit Model for Smart Items in the supply Chain[J]. IOT, Springer, 2008:70-75.
[22]张莉莉，史鹏飞，陈剑.物联网在智能交通中的应用研究[J].中国科技博览. 2010: 179-180.
[23] E. Grummt et al. Fine-Grained Access Control for EPC Information Services[J]. IOT, Springer,2008: 56-59.
[24]金晨雨,刘淑敏.基于M.Bus总线的热力站监测系统[J].仪器仪表用户, 2005, 12(1):105-106.
[25]罗志荣，邸亮．供热分户计量试点工作初探[J].甘肃科技, 2007, (03): 181-184.
[26]邵光.基于GPRS和ZigBee自动抄表的无磁热量表的设计与实现[D].山东农业大学, 2010:42-45.
[27]罗继杰.节能减排——暖通空调(设计)行业面临的机遇和挑战[J].暖通空调, 2012, 42(1):1-7.
[28]张雪坤，陈金鹰，季翔宇. ZigBee技术在传感网中的应用研究[J].通信与信息技术, 2010, (2):48-50.
[29]姚钢，丛秋波. TI的ZigBee拓展物联网应用[J].电子设计技术, 2011, (8): 18-19.
[30]郑相权.无线自组网技术实现教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004: 15-19.
[31]马海.基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的远程数据监测的设计与实现[D].武汉理工大学, 2010:32-35.
[32] Goodman D. General Packet Radio Sevice in GSM[J]. Communications Magzine, 1997, 35(10):122-131.
[33] Mishra A. Performance and architecture of SGSN and GGSN of general Packet radio service[C].Global Telecommunications Conference, SanAntonio, 2001: 3494-3498.
[34]蒋文怡，钟章队.基于GPRS的移动互联网[J].电信工程技术与标准化, 2001, (3): 33-37.
[35]王向阳.基于GPRS的集中器设计[J].沈阳大学学报, 2008, 20(2): 25-28.
[36]翟宏伟.基于物联网技术的智能家庭应用研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学电子与通信工程学科硕士学位论文，2011: 13-15.
[37]陈红霞，赵俊钰.物联网感知层标准体系架构研究[J].电信科学, 2011, (9): 101-105.
[38]赵凯，张峰.基于北斗卫星系统的物联网网络层体系架构设想[J].计算机系统应用, 2011,20(5): 6-8.
[39]乔亲旺.物联网应用层关键技术研究[J].电信科学, 2011, (10): 59-62.
[40]冷亮,刘丹.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络[J].中国科技财富. 2008 (07): 77-80.
[41]金纯,蒋小宇,罗祖秋. ZigBee与蓝牙的分析与比较[J].标准与技术追踪. 2004: 12-18.
[42] Hwang Yong-Seok, Yoo Hyung-Joun. A Low Power Folded RF Front-End with Merged LNAand Mixer for ZigBee/Bluetooth[J]. Radio and Wireless Symposium 2007 IEEE. Jan 2007: 85-86.
[43]任秀丽，于海斌.基于ZigBee技术的无线传感网的安全分析[J].计算机科学, 2006, 33(10):111-113.
[44] Lindemann, Christoph. Performance analysis of the general packet radio service[J]. ComputerNetworks, 2003, 41(1): 10-17.
[45] Cao jian, Qian suxiang, Hu Hongsheng, Yan Gongbiao. Wireless Monitoring and AssessmentSystem Quality Based on GPRS[J]. The Eighth International Conference on ElectronicMeasurement and Instruments, 2007: 124-127.
[46] Kagan Tumer, Adrian K.Agogino. Ensemble cluster with voting active clusters[J]. PatternRecognition Letters, 2008, 29(14): 1947-1953.
[47] Kuban I Altinel, Necati Arsa, Evren Cuney, et al. Binary interger programming formulation andheuristics for differentiated coverage in heterogeneous sensor networks[J]. Compute Networks,2008, 52(12): 2419-2431.