基于储量价值的油气开采决策模型研究
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摘要
石油天然气是现代社会最重要的自然资源之一,对人类生活和国家经济的发展至关重要。油气储量价值评估是油气开采企业投资决策的最重要前提基础,也是其进行日常生产经营管理的前提基础依据。开展油气储量的价值评估和开采决策研究,是我国油气开采企业参与国际油气储量市场招投标的需要,是油气开采企业加强日常经营管理的需要,对科学开采油气资源,节约和充分利用油气资源具有重要的理论和现实意义。
     本论文共分五章。第一章分析了论文的选题依据、相关研究进展、研究方法、研究的技术路线和研究内容。第二章建立了基于BP神经网络的油气储量价值等级划分模型。第三章建立了油气储量价值评估的动态规划模型。第四章建立了基于油气价格变动期权的储量开采决策模型。第五章为结论与展望。论文的主要工作如下:
     (1)建立了基于BP神经网络的油气储量价值等级划分模型
     通过使油气储量价值等级误差最小化的思路来确定评价指标的学习率和动态系数并确定最优评价权重,使基于BP神经网络的油气储量价值等级划分模型的精度高达96.61%。避免了传统评价中模糊随机因素和人为主观因素的影响,为在多个区块储量中进行储量投资价值的划分提供了新思路。
     (2)建立了油气储量价值评估的动态规划模型
     通过将持续开发的油气储量规划转化为一个多阶段的决策问题,在保证整个开采寿命周期效益最大的情况下、确定油田开发各阶段的最佳井数。改变了现有研究较少关注整个油田开发过程中各阶段最佳井数确定的问题。
     (3)建立了基于油气价格变动期权的储量开采决策模型
     通过在净现值模型中综合考虑油气价格的看涨期权与看跌期价值,建立了反映油气价格变动期权的储量开采决策模型。
Oil and gas is one of the most important natural resources in modern society. Oil and gas is very important to human life and national economic development. Oil and gas reserves evaluation is the premise of business investment decisions. Also oil and gas reserves evaluation is the premise basis of daily production and management. Developping the valuation and development optimization of oil and gas reserves is the need to participate international bidding. Also, it is necessary for the oil and gas enterprises to strengthen the daily operation and management. Furthermore, it has important theoretical and practical significance in development of oil and gas resources and conservation and full utilization of oil and gas resources.
     This dissertation includes five chapters. The first one analyzes the topic basis, the relative research development, methods, content and so on. The second one expounds applying BP neural network to grade reserve value of oil and gas. The third one deals with the oilfield development planning model based on oil reserves evaluation. The fourth one discusses the development decision-making model of oil reservoir based on the option value of oil price. The last one is conclusion and prospect.
     The main content of dissertation is as follows:
     (1) Establishing the BP neural network of grade reserve value of oil and gas
     According to the error minimum principle of grading reserve value of oil and gas, the learing rate and dynamic coefficients of weight are determined. Then the optimal weights are determined. By setting the optimal weights, the accuracy of the BP neural network is 96.61%. BP neural network is established which avoids the influence of the subjective factors.Also, this paper can provides a new idea for grading the reserve value of many oil and gas blocks.
     (2) Establishing the oilfield development planning model based on oil reserves evaluation
     The problem of oilfield development planning is decomposed into a multi-stage decision problem, in which the maximum of the net present value is taken as objective function, and then got the optimum well number of each stage. This identified the optimum well number of each stage in oilfield development planning, which less concerned in the existing research.
     (3) Establishing the reserves mining-decision model based on the option value of oil price modification
     This study established the reserves mining-decision model based on the option value of oil price modification. This model took into account the call options and put options in the calculation of the value of the option using the NPV model.
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