车辆结构系统的若干问题研究
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摘要
本学位论文以各种理论方法为依据，以车辆系统的各种零部件为模型，从智能控制、随机振动响应分析、瞬态温度场数值计算、故障诊断和可靠性分析等方面，对车辆结构系统的若干问题进行研究。其主要内容如下：
1、汽车防滑控制系统的智能控制研究。防滑控制系统结构比较复杂，特别是影响车轮与地面间附着系数的不确定因素太多，用传统的控制理论很难建立其控制模型，为此本文没选择常用的速度差参数，而是选滑移率、加减速度和加减速度微分作为防滑判据，据此建立汽车防滑控制系统的模糊神经网络模型。
2、随机参数车辆在随机激励下的随机振动响应分析。通过具有随机结构参数的五自由度非线性车辆模型，来研究随机激励下的随机振动响应问题。将车辆系统的质量、阻尼和刚度视为随机变量，考虑轮胎和车身之间的非线性弹簧，将路面不平整引起的对车辆的激励视为白噪声随机过程，建立其系统动力响应分析模型。先以能量差法等效线性化处理非线性车辆系统，再通过多次迭代求解李雅普诺夫方程，可高效高精度地获得等效线性化车辆系统的随机响应方差。
3、区间参数鼓式制动器瞬态温度场数值分析。依据传热学理论和鼓式制动器的结构特点，建立了制动鼓瞬态温度场数值模拟有限元计算模型。将鼓式制动器导热中物理参数与边界条件均看作区间变量。在空间有限元离散与时间差分方法的基础上，将区间有限元分析与摄动方法相结合，推出了有界不确定参数瞬态温度场响应上、下界的摄动计算公式，获得了鼓式制动器结构的瞬态温度场响应范围。
4、汽车悬架振动分析和动力参数优化。基于凸模型理论，利用矩阵摄动法推导出了具有不确定参数闭环系统特征值的上、下界计算公式，然后对汽车悬架系统模型的振动控制特征值进行分析。将方差的概念引入到灰色关联度中，以可靠灰色关联度作为判断依据，来对粒子群算法中的全局极值和个体极值进行选取，避免灰色粒子群算法在求解多目标问题时所出现的局部收敛现象，实现对四自由度汽车悬架系统多目标优化模型的求解。
5、汽车制动系统故障诊断与预测。一是用改进的模糊灰色关联法对车辆制动系统模型的故障影响进行综合评估。应用合理判定分辨系数的方法，确定改进的关联系数，然后结合模糊数学中的广义权距离理论，对影响汽车制动系统的因素模糊灰色化之后，再对汽车制动系性能进行评估。二是为了加快BP神经网络的收敛速度，在权值修正公式中增加一个惯性因子对BP算法进行改进，然后利用改进的BP模糊模神经网络对汽车ABS疑难故障进行诊断。三是将灰色关联分析法应用到支持向量机模型中，建立灰色支持向量机预测模型。为了提高预测精度，用粒子群算法对灰色支持向量机相关的初始化参数进行优化，用优化后的模型对汽车制动系统进行故障诊断和预测。
6、汽车制动系统和汽车轮胎的可靠性分配和可靠性预测。利用模糊综合评判法对汽车ABS系统的可靠性实施分配，将影响ABS系统可靠性的各种因素进行综合与量化，据此对ABS系统的可靠性进行科学合理的分配。应用概率区间理论和D-S(Dempster-Shafter)理论，提出汽车轮胎和制动系统故障树分析方法，构造了故障树区间算子，对汽车轮胎和制动系统在运行中的可靠性问题进行分析研究，并在系统故障树分析的基础上对系统的可靠度进行了定量的预测。
This dissertation studies several problems of vehicle system structure from theperspective of intelligent control, random vibration response analysis, numericalcalculation of transient temperature field, fault diagnosis, and reliability analysisthrough various theoretical methods, where models of various components of a vehiclesystem are considered. The main research contents are shown as follows:
1. Intelligent control of automobile anti-skid control system. The structure of ananti-skid control system is complex and many uncertain factors influence the adhesioncoefficient between wheels and ground surface. Therefore, it is difficult to establish thecontrol model by means of traditional control theory. This research selects the slip rateand acceleration/deceleration rather than the parameter of speed difference as thecriterion of anti-skid control systems. A fuzzy neural network control model isestablished in this dissertation according to the three physical quantities above.
2. Random vibration response analysis of the random parameters vehicles underrandom excitation. The question of random vibration response about nonlinear vehiclesystem with uncertainty structural parameters has been studied byfive-degree-freedom nonlinear vehicle model. The system power response analysismodel is built with respect to the following aspects:1) the mass, the damping, and thestiffness of a vehicle system are considered to be random variables,2) the nonlinearspring between tires and the body is considered,3) excitation to a vehicle caused byuneven road is thought as a white noise process. The nonlinear vehicle system isequivalently linearized by the energy difference method. Then the Lyapunov equationof the linear system is solved. Afterwards, the covariance matrix of stationary randomvibration response is obtained. Vibration response variance value of the equivalentlinear vehicle system can be got by multiple iterations, in each step of which aLyapunov equation is solved.
3. Numerical analysis on transient temperature field of a braking drum withinterval parameters. The finite element calculation model on transient temperature fieldof a braking drum is built according to the theory of heat transfer and characteristics ofdrum brake structures. All parameters and boundary conditions of drum brake areconsidered as interval variables. Interval finite element analysis and perturbationmethod are combined based on finite element discrete and time difference method.Afterwards, a perturbation calculation formula of uncertain parameters transient temperature response is derived and the transient temperature field response range ofdrum brake structure is obtained.
4. Vibration analysis and dynamic parameters optimization of automobilesuspension system.By using multidimensional convex model theory, the vibrationcontrol problem of automobile suspension system with uncertain parametersapproximated by a deterministic one is discussed. By using convex model theory, theuncertain parameters impacting on an automobile suspension system is analyzed basedon matrix perturbation method. In addition, the estimation of the upper and lowerbounds of both real and imaginary parts of the eigenvalue of closed-loop systems ispresented. By using four-degree-freedom automobile suspension system for models, theconcept of the variance is introduced into the gray correlation degree. In order to avoidlocal convergence phenomenon when gray particle algorithm is solving multi-objectiveproblem, and to obtain the solution of the multi-objective optimization problem ofautomobile suspension systems, the global extreme value and local extreme value ofparticle swarm algorithm are selected by reliable gray correlation degree.
5. Fault diagnosis and prediction of automotive brake system. A comprehensiveassessment model is presented based on improved fuzzy gray relational analysis method,the influence of distinguishing coefficient size on relational degree is analyzed, andcommon rules and specific methods are given, which can solve the problem thatdistinguishing coefficient is difficult to be quantified. The improved correlationcoefficient is determined by a method that distinguishing coefficient is identifiedreasonably. The combination of fuzzy mathematics and generalized weighted distancetheory and performance of automobile brake system are assessed after its influencingfactors are fuzzy and grey. In addition, after combining the characteristics of fuzzymathematics and nerve network, difficult fault of automotive ABS is diagnosed byimproved BP fuzzy nerve network model. The gray relation analysis and support vectormachine model are combined to create a gray support vector machine prediction model.In order to improve the prediction accuracy, initialization parameters of gray supportvector machine was optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm, using theoptimized parameters conduct fault diagnosis, and forecasting to automotive brakesystems.
6. The reliability analysis and reliability prediction of automobile brake system andautomobile tire. The method of fuzzy synthesis evaluation is presented to implement thesystem’s reliability assignment. All elements influencing the ABS reliability aresynthesized and quantified, thus the reliability of the system is scientific and reasonable allocated. By using probability interval theory and D-S (Dempster-Shafer) theory, faulttree analysis method of automobile tires and automobile brake system is proposed. Thequestion of reliability is analyzed and studied, when automobile tires and automobilebrake system are running and the reliability of system is predicted on the basis ofsystem fault tree analysis.
1、汽车防滑控制系统的智能控制研究。防滑控制系统结构比较复杂，特别是影响车轮与地面间附着系数的不确定因素太多，用传统的控制理论很难建立其控制模型，为此本文没选择常用的速度差参数，而是选滑移率、加减速度和加减速度微分作为防滑判据，据此建立汽车防滑控制系统的模糊神经网络模型。
2、随机参数车辆在随机激励下的随机振动响应分析。通过具有随机结构参数的五自由度非线性车辆模型，来研究随机激励下的随机振动响应问题。将车辆系统的质量、阻尼和刚度视为随机变量，考虑轮胎和车身之间的非线性弹簧，将路面不平整引起的对车辆的激励视为白噪声随机过程，建立其系统动力响应分析模型。先以能量差法等效线性化处理非线性车辆系统，再通过多次迭代求解李雅普诺夫方程，可高效高精度地获得等效线性化车辆系统的随机响应方差。
3、区间参数鼓式制动器瞬态温度场数值分析。依据传热学理论和鼓式制动器的结构特点，建立了制动鼓瞬态温度场数值模拟有限元计算模型。将鼓式制动器导热中物理参数与边界条件均看作区间变量。在空间有限元离散与时间差分方法的基础上，将区间有限元分析与摄动方法相结合，推出了有界不确定参数瞬态温度场响应上、下界的摄动计算公式，获得了鼓式制动器结构的瞬态温度场响应范围。
4、汽车悬架振动分析和动力参数优化。基于凸模型理论，利用矩阵摄动法推导出了具有不确定参数闭环系统特征值的上、下界计算公式，然后对汽车悬架系统模型的振动控制特征值进行分析。将方差的概念引入到灰色关联度中，以可靠灰色关联度作为判断依据，来对粒子群算法中的全局极值和个体极值进行选取，避免灰色粒子群算法在求解多目标问题时所出现的局部收敛现象，实现对四自由度汽车悬架系统多目标优化模型的求解。
5、汽车制动系统故障诊断与预测。一是用改进的模糊灰色关联法对车辆制动系统模型的故障影响进行综合评估。应用合理判定分辨系数的方法，确定改进的关联系数，然后结合模糊数学中的广义权距离理论，对影响汽车制动系统的因素模糊灰色化之后，再对汽车制动系性能进行评估。二是为了加快BP神经网络的收敛速度，在权值修正公式中增加一个惯性因子对BP算法进行改进，然后利用改进的BP模糊模神经网络对汽车ABS疑难故障进行诊断。三是将灰色关联分析法应用到支持向量机模型中，建立灰色支持向量机预测模型。为了提高预测精度，用粒子群算法对灰色支持向量机相关的初始化参数进行优化，用优化后的模型对汽车制动系统进行故障诊断和预测。
6、汽车制动系统和汽车轮胎的可靠性分配和可靠性预测。利用模糊综合评判法对汽车ABS系统的可靠性实施分配，将影响ABS系统可靠性的各种因素进行综合与量化，据此对ABS系统的可靠性进行科学合理的分配。应用概率区间理论和D-S(Dempster-Shafter)理论，提出汽车轮胎和制动系统故障树分析方法，构造了故障树区间算子，对汽车轮胎和制动系统在运行中的可靠性问题进行分析研究，并在系统故障树分析的基础上对系统的可靠度进行了定量的预测。
This dissertation studies several problems of vehicle system structure from theperspective of intelligent control, random vibration response analysis, numericalcalculation of transient temperature field, fault diagnosis, and reliability analysisthrough various theoretical methods, where models of various components of a vehiclesystem are considered. The main research contents are shown as follows:
1. Intelligent control of automobile anti-skid control system. The structure of ananti-skid control system is complex and many uncertain factors influence the adhesioncoefficient between wheels and ground surface. Therefore, it is difficult to establish thecontrol model by means of traditional control theory. This research selects the slip rateand acceleration/deceleration rather than the parameter of speed difference as thecriterion of anti-skid control systems. A fuzzy neural network control model isestablished in this dissertation according to the three physical quantities above.
2. Random vibration response analysis of the random parameters vehicles underrandom excitation. The question of random vibration response about nonlinear vehiclesystem with uncertainty structural parameters has been studied byfive-degree-freedom nonlinear vehicle model. The system power response analysismodel is built with respect to the following aspects:1) the mass, the damping, and thestiffness of a vehicle system are considered to be random variables,2) the nonlinearspring between tires and the body is considered,3) excitation to a vehicle caused byuneven road is thought as a white noise process. The nonlinear vehicle system isequivalently linearized by the energy difference method. Then the Lyapunov equationof the linear system is solved. Afterwards, the covariance matrix of stationary randomvibration response is obtained. Vibration response variance value of the equivalentlinear vehicle system can be got by multiple iterations, in each step of which aLyapunov equation is solved.
3. Numerical analysis on transient temperature field of a braking drum withinterval parameters. The finite element calculation model on transient temperature fieldof a braking drum is built according to the theory of heat transfer and characteristics ofdrum brake structures. All parameters and boundary conditions of drum brake areconsidered as interval variables. Interval finite element analysis and perturbationmethod are combined based on finite element discrete and time difference method.Afterwards, a perturbation calculation formula of uncertain parameters transient temperature response is derived and the transient temperature field response range ofdrum brake structure is obtained.
4. Vibration analysis and dynamic parameters optimization of automobilesuspension system.By using multidimensional convex model theory, the vibrationcontrol problem of automobile suspension system with uncertain parametersapproximated by a deterministic one is discussed. By using convex model theory, theuncertain parameters impacting on an automobile suspension system is analyzed basedon matrix perturbation method. In addition, the estimation of the upper and lowerbounds of both real and imaginary parts of the eigenvalue of closed-loop systems ispresented. By using four-degree-freedom automobile suspension system for models, theconcept of the variance is introduced into the gray correlation degree. In order to avoidlocal convergence phenomenon when gray particle algorithm is solving multi-objectiveproblem, and to obtain the solution of the multi-objective optimization problem ofautomobile suspension systems, the global extreme value and local extreme value ofparticle swarm algorithm are selected by reliable gray correlation degree.
5. Fault diagnosis and prediction of automotive brake system. A comprehensiveassessment model is presented based on improved fuzzy gray relational analysis method,the influence of distinguishing coefficient size on relational degree is analyzed, andcommon rules and specific methods are given, which can solve the problem thatdistinguishing coefficient is difficult to be quantified. The improved correlationcoefficient is determined by a method that distinguishing coefficient is identifiedreasonably. The combination of fuzzy mathematics and generalized weighted distancetheory and performance of automobile brake system are assessed after its influencingfactors are fuzzy and grey. In addition, after combining the characteristics of fuzzymathematics and nerve network, difficult fault of automotive ABS is diagnosed byimproved BP fuzzy nerve network model. The gray relation analysis and support vectormachine model are combined to create a gray support vector machine prediction model.In order to improve the prediction accuracy, initialization parameters of gray supportvector machine was optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm, using theoptimized parameters conduct fault diagnosis, and forecasting to automotive brakesystems.
6. The reliability analysis and reliability prediction of automobile brake system andautomobile tire. The method of fuzzy synthesis evaluation is presented to implement thesystem’s reliability assignment. All elements influencing the ABS reliability aresynthesized and quantified, thus the reliability of the system is scientific and reasonable allocated. By using probability interval theory and D-S (Dempster-Shafer) theory, faulttree analysis method of automobile tires and automobile brake system is proposed. Thequestion of reliability is analyzed and studied, when automobile tires and automobilebrake system are running and the reliability of system is predicted on the basis ofsystem fault tree analysis.
引文
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