地下管线电磁探测方法及误差分析研究
摘要
地下管线是城市发展的命脉,在过去的城市建设中由于没有科学地管理好地下管线数据,或由于历史原因造成地下管线资料的缺漏、偏差和滞后,给城市的进一步发展带来许多不便,甚至重大的财产和人员损失。准确可靠的地下管线探测对提高工作效率和保证城市地下管网安全运行具有重大意义。作为一种在全球范围被广泛接受和普遍应用的地下管线探测方法,电磁法具有操作简单、结果直观、准确性高等突出优点,但在实际应用中由于仪器本身的差异和现实管线的复杂情况,使管线探测的准确性和精度大打折扣。全面了解管线探测的方法和原理,分析造成探测误差的原因,从而避免误差或对误差进行合理修正是当前电磁法地下管线探测的一个重要研究课题。
论文从电磁法探测地下金属管线的基本理论入手,针对使用不同天线的测试方法,分析了载流管线的磁场分布特点和因此而采用的常用管线定位方法峰值法、反峰值法等,以及深度探测的基本原理。在此基础上,对引起定位、定深误差的成因作分类讨论、详细分析,并提出避免和减小探测误差的实际应用方法。最后,对提出的改进方法通过实验对各种干扰情况和相应的改进办法进行模拟仿真,确认其有效性,为电磁法在地下金属管线实际探测中的具体应用提出了一些指导性的建议。
Underground pipeline is the life lines of city development. Because the data of underground pipeline is not well managed for urban construction, or has gaps, deviations or delays caused by historical reason, it is brings a lot of inconveniences in further city development, even significant loss of property and personnel. It is of great significance that we locate the underground pipeline in accurate and reliable ways to ensure the operation efficiency and safety in underground pipeline network. As a widely accepted and used underground pipeline locating method in the world, electromagnetic pipeline detecting is simple to operate, clear in response, accurate in locating, and so on advantages. However, due to the difference in instrument itself and the complexities of real underground pipeline, it is not so accurate or precise in locating and depth measurement as we expected. A comprehensive understanding of pipeline electromagnetic detecting methods and principles and detecting error analysis is an important research task to avoid detection error or conduct a reasonable error amendment method.
It starts from the fundamental theory of electromagnetic underground pipeline detecting method, analyses the magnetic field distribution of carrying current pipeline according to different detection ways with different aerials, the therefore commonly used locating modes, such as Peak mode, Null mode, etc, as well as the depth measurement fundamentals. On this basis, a detail analysis on pipeline positioning deviations and depth errors is carried out according to different causes to conclude the practical operations on error reduction and avoidance. Finally, the experiments are conducted on a variety of interference models and the corresponding improvements to verify the effectiveness of raised conclusion. It also makes the application guidance for the electromagnetic detecting method in the real underground pipeline locating work in field.
论文从电磁法探测地下金属管线的基本理论入手,针对使用不同天线的测试方法,分析了载流管线的磁场分布特点和因此而采用的常用管线定位方法峰值法、反峰值法等,以及深度探测的基本原理。在此基础上,对引起定位、定深误差的成因作分类讨论、详细分析,并提出避免和减小探测误差的实际应用方法。最后,对提出的改进方法通过实验对各种干扰情况和相应的改进办法进行模拟仿真,确认其有效性,为电磁法在地下金属管线实际探测中的具体应用提出了一些指导性的建议。
Underground pipeline is the life lines of city development. Because the data of underground pipeline is not well managed for urban construction, or has gaps, deviations or delays caused by historical reason, it is brings a lot of inconveniences in further city development, even significant loss of property and personnel. It is of great significance that we locate the underground pipeline in accurate and reliable ways to ensure the operation efficiency and safety in underground pipeline network. As a widely accepted and used underground pipeline locating method in the world, electromagnetic pipeline detecting is simple to operate, clear in response, accurate in locating, and so on advantages. However, due to the difference in instrument itself and the complexities of real underground pipeline, it is not so accurate or precise in locating and depth measurement as we expected. A comprehensive understanding of pipeline electromagnetic detecting methods and principles and detecting error analysis is an important research task to avoid detection error or conduct a reasonable error amendment method.
It starts from the fundamental theory of electromagnetic underground pipeline detecting method, analyses the magnetic field distribution of carrying current pipeline according to different detection ways with different aerials, the therefore commonly used locating modes, such as Peak mode, Null mode, etc, as well as the depth measurement fundamentals. On this basis, a detail analysis on pipeline positioning deviations and depth errors is carried out according to different causes to conclude the practical operations on error reduction and avoidance. Finally, the experiments are conducted on a variety of interference models and the corresponding improvements to verify the effectiveness of raised conclusion. It also makes the application guidance for the electromagnetic detecting method in the real underground pipeline locating work in field.
引文
[1] Radiodetection Ltd. abc&xyz of locating buried pipes and cables for the beginner and the specialist. UK, Radiodetection Ltd.1996, 9
[2]北京市测绘设计研究院.城市地下管线探测技术规程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003: 18～20
[3]雷林源.城市地下管线探测与测漏.北京:冶金工业出版社, 2003. 7～10
[4] Pellerin L, Alumbaugh D L. Tools for electromagnetic investigation of the shallow subsurface. The Leading Edge, 1997, 14(11): 1631～1640
[5]王法刚,叶国弘.频率域电磁法在探测地下管线中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报, 2001, 20: 1788～1789
[6]邓仰岭,韩新芳,赵地红,等.非金属地下管线探测问题的探讨.勘察科学技术, 2007, 2: 62～64
[7]王惠镰.探地雷达概论.地球科学, 1993, 4: 22～24
[8]吴畏,郭华,张井,等.小波变换在探地雷达探测地下管线信号处理中的应用.地球物理学进展, 2003, 3: 493～496
[9] Annaa A P, Cosway S W. Ground Penetrating Radar Survey Design. Chicago: Annual Meeting of SAGEEP, 1992
[10]张进华,马广玲,缪速文,等.探地雷达在地下管线探测中的应用.现代雷达, 2004, 8: 8～10
[11]区福帮.城市地下管线普查技术研究与应用.南京:东南大学出版社, 1998: 104～123
[12]刘晓东,张虎生,朱伟忠.高密度电法在工程物探中的应用.工程勘察,2001(4): 64～66
[13]贺颢,王振东.工程物探在我国的发展前景.水文地质工程地质, 1998, 2: 54～55
[14] Pipan M, Baradello L, Finetti I, etc. 2-D and 3-D processing and interpretation of multi-fold ground penetrating radar data: A case history from an archaeological site. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 1999, 41: 271～292
[15] Rury J. Magnetometer survey. Geophysics, 1998, 35(5): 812～830
[16]谭承泽,郭昭雍.磁法勘探教程.北京:地质出版社, 1985. 10～15
[17]吕帮来,王传雷.磁测在港航工程勘察中的几个实例.工程地球物理学报, 2004, 6: 496～498
[18]杨兴其,赵伟,张世明.地震波映像法在援厄下水道改造工程中的应用.西部探矿工程, 2000, 5: 67~68
[19]王蔷.电磁场理论基础.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001: 45～62
[20]张汉春,莫国军.特深地下管线的电磁场特征分析及探测研究.地球物理学进展, 2006, 4: 1314～1322
[21]张鸿升.频域电磁法探测地下管网的理论、方法与技术.焦作工学院学报, 1997, 05. 15～22
[22]徐振业,王明星,王士智,等.对电磁式地下金属管线探测仪零值测深法的改进.仪器仪表学报, 1996, 5: 475～480
[23]于建刚,王林.地下管线深度探测实用公式.三晋测绘, 1996, 3: 31～32
[24]张宗岭,张效良.地下管线探测电磁场异常特征的理论与实践.地质与勘探, 2002, 1: 83～85
[25]赵献军,伍卓鹤.管线探测中不可忽视的问题—电流方向.工程勘察, 2004, 1: 69～71
[26]陈耀红.地下金属管线探测定位定深及其误差估计的研究.甘肃冶金, 2004, 2: 47～50
[27]靳世久,刘华军,张萍.新型地下管道位置检测仪研究.电子测量与仪器学报, 1996, 1: 51～55
[28]凌振宝,陈健,耿胜男,等.地下金属管线探测仪接收机的设计与实现.吉林大学学报(信息科学版), 2008, 3. 300～305
[29]毛吉奎.管线定位仪的探测技术及性能分析.煤矿现代化, 2006, 3: 42
[30]王明星,李学珍,徐保民等.提高地下金属管线探测仪分辨能力的新方法.郑州大学学报(自然科学版), 1997, 1: 47～52
[31]周朝栋,王元坤,周良明.线天线理论与工程.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1988: 7～11
[32]陈红旗,张小趁.城市地下管线高精度电磁法探测技术.勘察科学技术, 2004, 1. 61～64
[33]张汉春,黄昀鹏.长距离深埋管线的探测效果.物探与化探, 2006, 4: 366～373
[34]杨向东,聂上海.复杂条件下的地下管线探测技术.地质科技情报, 2005, 7: 129～132
[2]北京市测绘设计研究院.城市地下管线探测技术规程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003: 18～20
[3]雷林源.城市地下管线探测与测漏.北京:冶金工业出版社, 2003. 7～10
[4] Pellerin L, Alumbaugh D L. Tools for electromagnetic investigation of the shallow subsurface. The Leading Edge, 1997, 14(11): 1631～1640
[5]王法刚,叶国弘.频率域电磁法在探测地下管线中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报, 2001, 20: 1788～1789
[6]邓仰岭,韩新芳,赵地红,等.非金属地下管线探测问题的探讨.勘察科学技术, 2007, 2: 62～64
[7]王惠镰.探地雷达概论.地球科学, 1993, 4: 22～24
[8]吴畏,郭华,张井,等.小波变换在探地雷达探测地下管线信号处理中的应用.地球物理学进展, 2003, 3: 493～496
[9] Annaa A P, Cosway S W. Ground Penetrating Radar Survey Design. Chicago: Annual Meeting of SAGEEP, 1992
[10]张进华,马广玲,缪速文,等.探地雷达在地下管线探测中的应用.现代雷达, 2004, 8: 8～10
[11]区福帮.城市地下管线普查技术研究与应用.南京:东南大学出版社, 1998: 104～123
[12]刘晓东,张虎生,朱伟忠.高密度电法在工程物探中的应用.工程勘察,2001(4): 64～66
[13]贺颢,王振东.工程物探在我国的发展前景.水文地质工程地质, 1998, 2: 54～55
[14] Pipan M, Baradello L, Finetti I, etc. 2-D and 3-D processing and interpretation of multi-fold ground penetrating radar data: A case history from an archaeological site. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 1999, 41: 271～292
[15] Rury J. Magnetometer survey. Geophysics, 1998, 35(5): 812～830
[16]谭承泽,郭昭雍.磁法勘探教程.北京:地质出版社, 1985. 10～15
[17]吕帮来,王传雷.磁测在港航工程勘察中的几个实例.工程地球物理学报, 2004, 6: 496～498
[18]杨兴其,赵伟,张世明.地震波映像法在援厄下水道改造工程中的应用.西部探矿工程, 2000, 5: 67~68
[19]王蔷.电磁场理论基础.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001: 45～62
[20]张汉春,莫国军.特深地下管线的电磁场特征分析及探测研究.地球物理学进展, 2006, 4: 1314～1322
[21]张鸿升.频域电磁法探测地下管网的理论、方法与技术.焦作工学院学报, 1997, 05. 15～22
[22]徐振业,王明星,王士智,等.对电磁式地下金属管线探测仪零值测深法的改进.仪器仪表学报, 1996, 5: 475～480
[23]于建刚,王林.地下管线深度探测实用公式.三晋测绘, 1996, 3: 31～32
[24]张宗岭,张效良.地下管线探测电磁场异常特征的理论与实践.地质与勘探, 2002, 1: 83～85
[25]赵献军,伍卓鹤.管线探测中不可忽视的问题—电流方向.工程勘察, 2004, 1: 69～71
[26]陈耀红.地下金属管线探测定位定深及其误差估计的研究.甘肃冶金, 2004, 2: 47～50
[27]靳世久,刘华军,张萍.新型地下管道位置检测仪研究.电子测量与仪器学报, 1996, 1: 51～55
[28]凌振宝,陈健,耿胜男,等.地下金属管线探测仪接收机的设计与实现.吉林大学学报(信息科学版), 2008, 3. 300～305
[29]毛吉奎.管线定位仪的探测技术及性能分析.煤矿现代化, 2006, 3: 42
[30]王明星,李学珍,徐保民等.提高地下金属管线探测仪分辨能力的新方法.郑州大学学报(自然科学版), 1997, 1: 47～52
[31]周朝栋,王元坤,周良明.线天线理论与工程.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1988: 7～11
[32]陈红旗,张小趁.城市地下管线高精度电磁法探测技术.勘察科学技术, 2004, 1. 61～64
[33]张汉春,黄昀鹏.长距离深埋管线的探测效果.物探与化探, 2006, 4: 366～373
[34]杨向东,聂上海.复杂条件下的地下管线探测技术.地质科技情报, 2005, 7: 129～132