支持工艺性审查的知识库的研究
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摘要
工艺性审查是在设计过程中对产品的可制造性进行分析,使其在现有的生产条件下力求能用比较经济、合理的方法将其制造出来。目前这项工作完全靠人来完成,劳动强度大、效率低,不能适应军工企业多品种、小批量瞬息万变的市场需求。支持工艺性审查的知识库作为工艺性审查系统的关键,对工艺性审查系统推理的能力和速度起了决定性的作用。本文对支持工艺性审查及其知识库系统进行了研究,给出了一些解决问题的方法。
基于本体的知识表达是当前知识表示方向的一个研究热点。本文针对制造业中零件分类组织的需求和特点,将制造业中复杂的,分散的知识组织起来,以本体中的概念为载体,建立一种新的零件信息模型和与这种信息模型对应的工艺性知识,为后续的工艺性审查推理奠定基础。
在对本体相关理论和工艺性知识研究的基础上,本文对工艺性审查知识库的研究工作主要从三个方面展开。第一,对可制造性评价的信息需求进行建模。以本体中概念化的思想为基础,建立了面向制造的三层次(即总体,单元,边界模型)零件模型;同时对本文零件信息模型的基本单元—边界模型进行了充分的定义说明,这种信息模型充分表达了零件的空间结构,为知识的表达和推理奠定了基础;第二,将制造业中材料、机加、成型等知识组织起来,针对本文概念化的零件信息模型,给出了规则—框架的混合式工艺性知识表达法,这种知识表达法可以充分分析零件的空间结构,可以审查出那些可以单个加工但在结合零件空间结构后不能加工的边界模型;第三,针对前面的零件信息模型和知识,给出了正反双向的混合式知识推理方法,提高了推理的效率;
最后,在ACCESS数据库环境下,以Delphi7为编程工具,开发了工艺性审查及其知识库的原型系统,并以轴类零件为例,验证了系统的可行性。
Process examination is about analyzing the manufacturability of products in design procedure, which makes the products be produced in the prior condition with more economic and more reasonable methods. Currently, the process examination is entirely completed by human labors with high labor intensity and lower efficiency, and can’t suit for the changing market demand of war industrial enterprise with multi-variety and small batch. Knowledge base which supports the process examination is the key of process examination system and plays a conclusive role in inferential capability and speed of the process examination system. The paper discusses the process examination system and the knowledge base and provides several methods to solve problems.
Knowledge representation based on ontology is an active research in the study of knowledge representation. Aiming at requirements and characteristics of part category organization in manufacturing business, the paper which bases on ontology organizes the complex and dispersive knowledge together, constructs a new part information model and process knowledge corresponding to the part information model, and established a base for the later process examination inference.
Based on the research to the relative theory of ontology and the process knowledge, the research to process examination knowledge base is substantially implemented from three aspects. First, model of information demand of manufacturability estimation is established. Based on conceptualized idea in ontology, three-layer (body, cells and boundary models) part model facing manufacture is built. Meanwhile, the boundary model which is a basic unit of the parts information model in the paper is sufficiently illustrated, and the information model expresses the space structure of the parts and established a base for representation and inference of the knowledge. Second, the knowledge of material, process and mould and the like in the manufacturing business are organized, compound manufacturability knowledge express method of regulation-frame is represented aiming at the conceptualized parts information model in the paper, the knowledge express method can analyze the space structure of the parts and examine the boundary models which can be processed in single but can’t be processed after combines with the space structure of the parts. Third, aiming at the prior parts information model and knowledge, the positive and negative compound knowledge interference method is represented, which increases the interference efficiency.
Finally, based on the environment of ACCESS database, an original system of process examination and knowledge base is exploited with a program instrument of Delphi7, the feasibility of which is verified with an example of shaft part.
基于本体的知识表达是当前知识表示方向的一个研究热点。本文针对制造业中零件分类组织的需求和特点,将制造业中复杂的,分散的知识组织起来,以本体中的概念为载体,建立一种新的零件信息模型和与这种信息模型对应的工艺性知识,为后续的工艺性审查推理奠定基础。
在对本体相关理论和工艺性知识研究的基础上,本文对工艺性审查知识库的研究工作主要从三个方面展开。第一,对可制造性评价的信息需求进行建模。以本体中概念化的思想为基础,建立了面向制造的三层次(即总体,单元,边界模型)零件模型;同时对本文零件信息模型的基本单元—边界模型进行了充分的定义说明,这种信息模型充分表达了零件的空间结构,为知识的表达和推理奠定了基础;第二,将制造业中材料、机加、成型等知识组织起来,针对本文概念化的零件信息模型,给出了规则—框架的混合式工艺性知识表达法,这种知识表达法可以充分分析零件的空间结构,可以审查出那些可以单个加工但在结合零件空间结构后不能加工的边界模型;第三,针对前面的零件信息模型和知识,给出了正反双向的混合式知识推理方法,提高了推理的效率;
最后,在ACCESS数据库环境下,以Delphi7为编程工具,开发了工艺性审查及其知识库的原型系统,并以轴类零件为例,验证了系统的可行性。
Process examination is about analyzing the manufacturability of products in design procedure, which makes the products be produced in the prior condition with more economic and more reasonable methods. Currently, the process examination is entirely completed by human labors with high labor intensity and lower efficiency, and can’t suit for the changing market demand of war industrial enterprise with multi-variety and small batch. Knowledge base which supports the process examination is the key of process examination system and plays a conclusive role in inferential capability and speed of the process examination system. The paper discusses the process examination system and the knowledge base and provides several methods to solve problems.
Knowledge representation based on ontology is an active research in the study of knowledge representation. Aiming at requirements and characteristics of part category organization in manufacturing business, the paper which bases on ontology organizes the complex and dispersive knowledge together, constructs a new part information model and process knowledge corresponding to the part information model, and established a base for the later process examination inference.
Based on the research to the relative theory of ontology and the process knowledge, the research to process examination knowledge base is substantially implemented from three aspects. First, model of information demand of manufacturability estimation is established. Based on conceptualized idea in ontology, three-layer (body, cells and boundary models) part model facing manufacture is built. Meanwhile, the boundary model which is a basic unit of the parts information model in the paper is sufficiently illustrated, and the information model expresses the space structure of the parts and established a base for representation and inference of the knowledge. Second, the knowledge of material, process and mould and the like in the manufacturing business are organized, compound manufacturability knowledge express method of regulation-frame is represented aiming at the conceptualized parts information model in the paper, the knowledge express method can analyze the space structure of the parts and examine the boundary models which can be processed in single but can’t be processed after combines with the space structure of the parts. Third, aiming at the prior parts information model and knowledge, the positive and negative compound knowledge interference method is represented, which increases the interference efficiency.
Finally, based on the environment of ACCESS database, an original system of process examination and knowledge base is exploited with a program instrument of Delphi7, the feasibility of which is verified with an example of shaft part.
引文
1宋玉银,蔡复之等.产品并行设计技术研究.计算机集成制造系统. 1996, VbL.6,No.3:9~12
2 K. L. Edwards. Towards more strategic Product design for manufacture and assembly : priorities for strategic Product concurrent engineering ,Materials and Design. 2002, Vol.23:651~656
3杨蓓.专家系统在产品可制造性分析中的应用研究.郑州大学硕士学位论文. 2004:1~3
4 Boothroyd G. Product Design for Manufacturability Assembly. CAD. 1994, 26(7):505~515.
5 Bothroyd G, Dewhust P. Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly Computer aided Design. 1994, 26(7):165~173
6田文刚.开展航空型号产品标准化审查的实践与认识.航天标准化与质量. 2005, 8(18):30~32
7王先遗,蒲建等.面向制造的零件设计理论与实现.计算机集成制造系统CIMS. 2004, 24(2):21~25
8杨洪君,宁汝新.基于工艺知识库的面向制造设计系统的研究.北京理工大学机械与车辆工程学院. 2006:110~112
9 Kuo.Tsai-C, Huang Samuel H., Zhang, Hong-C. Design for manufacture and design for“X”:concepts,applications,and perspectives. Computers and Industrial Engineering. 2001(12), Vol.41No.3:241~260
10段福斌.零件可制造性分析系统的研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文. 2002:9~10
11 SHARNKERSR,JANSSONDG. A generalized methodology for evaluating manufacturability[A]. Concurrent Engineering: Contemporary Issues and Modem Design Tools[C]. London. Chapman&Hall. 1993:248~263
12 Venkatachalam A R. Automating Manufacturability Evaluation in CAD Systems Through Expert Systems Approaches. Expert systems with Applications. 1994, 7(2):495~506
13 Therese Lawlor-Wright,Roger G. Hannam. A feature-based design for manufacture. CAD/CAM Package. CAE Journal. 1989, (l):215~220
14 Cutkosky M R,Tenenbaum J M. Toward a Framework for concurrent design. International J. of systems Automation : Research and Application,1992, 1(3):239~261
15 Cherng J G,Shao X Y,Chen Y. Feature based part Modeling and process planning for Rapid Response Manufacturing. Computers in Industrial Engineer. 1998. 34(2):525~530
16 Gupta S K , Nan D S. A Systematic Approach for Analyzing the Manufacturability of Machined Parts. Computer Aided Design. 1995, 27(5):323~342
17 Yannoulakis N J,Wysk R A. Quantitative Measures of Manufacturability for Rotational Parts. Trans,of ASME,J,of Engineering for industry. 1994, 116(2):189~198
18 Yannou Lakis N. J,Joshi S. B,Wysk R. A. Quantitative measure of manufacturability for rotational parts. Journal of Engineering for Industry. 1994, (11):189~198
19 Zhang G , Lu Stephen C. Y. Artificial Intelligent Applications in Manufacturing. An Expert System Approach for Economic Evaluation of Machine Operation Planning, AAAI,The MIT Press. 1992:133~156
20 Das D,Gupta S K,Nau D S. Generating Redesign Suggestions to Reduce Setup Cost: A Step Toward Automated Redesign. Computer Aided Design. 1996, 28(10):763~782
21 Hay C. Plan-Based Manufacturability Analysis and Generation of Shape-Changing Redesign Suggestions. J. Of Intelligent Manufacturing. 1996, 7:121~132
22高峰,胡庆夕,李培根,段正澄.基于制造约束的零件可制造性评价.华中理工大学学报. 1997年3月:21~23
23胡庆夕,高峰,李培根,段正澄.制造约束规则的表达方法研究.华中理工大学学报. 1997年3月:18~20
24胡庆夕.面向制造的设计系统中的可制造性评价方法与应用.高技术通讯. 1998年9月:30~35
25孙连胜,林晓青,钟振宇.卫星结构件可制造性分析系统.航天制造技术. 2005年4月第2期:24~28
26宋玉银,肖亦辉,成哗,蔡复之.产品可制造性评价方法的研究.清华大学学报自然版. 1998年7月:111~114
27敖勇刚,万敏,李新军.基于KBE的飞机板金件工艺性审查系统.北京航空航天大学学报. 2006年9月,第32卷第9期:1096~1099
28宋玉银,成哗,蔡复之,肖亦辉,唐东.基于知识的机械零件DFM方法研究.清华大学学报自然版. 1999年8月
29刘红军,莫蓉,范庆明,常智勇,万能.并行工程下基于特征的零件可制造性研究.中国机械工程. 2006年4月,第17卷第8期:805~809
30何煌深,张和明,刘成颖,苏海洋. DFM的关键技术与实现模式研究.计算机集成制造系统—CIMS. 2001年11月:45~49
31吴玉光,高曙明,陈子辰.产品可制造性逐步评价方法.中国机械工程. 2001年2月:208~212
32黄荣瑛,王治森.并行可制造性综合评价.制造业自动化. 2001年7月
33黄荣瑛,王治森,杜晓荣.产品可制造性评价方法.机械工业自动化. 1998年1月:10~14
34樊洪波,面向并行工程的零件可制造性评价研究,浙江大学硕士学位论文. 2003:8~10
35 Gruber T R. A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications,Knowledge Acquisition. 1993, 5(2):199~220
36 Chandrasekaran B,Josephson J R,Benjamins V R. What are Ontologies and Why Do We Need Them. IEEE Intelligent Systems. 1999, 14(l):20~26
37 Zuniga G L. Ontology: Its Transformation from Philosophy to Information on Systems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems(FOIS’01).Ogunquit, Maine,USA. 2001:187~197
38李文杰.基于本体的分布式知识库系统研究.天津大学博士学位论文. 2004:12~14
39邓志鸿、唐世渭等. Ontology研究综述.北京大学学报(自然科学版) . 2002.9,38(5)
40 Cf.T.R.Gruber. A translation approach to portable ontologies. Knowledge Acquisition. 1993, 5(2)
41 Thomas R. Gruber. Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing,Revision: August23,1993
42 W.N.Borst. Construction of Engineering Ontologies for Knowledge Sharing and Reuse. PhD thesis. University of Twente,Enschede. 1997
43 Fensel D. The semantic web and its languages. IEEE Computer Society 15. 2000
44 Fensel D. Ontologies: Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Cnunoeree.SPringer. 2001
45 R.P.B.Swartout,K.Knight,T.Russ. Toward Distributed Use of Large-Seale Ontologies,Ontological Engineering. 1997
46 NoyF.N. , McGuinnessD.L. Ontology Development 101 : A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology. Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01-05 and Stanford Medical Informatics Technical Report SMI-2001-0880. 2001.3
47 Fonseca,F. Egenhofer M.,Agouris,P.,Camara G. Using Ontologies for Intergrated Geographic Information Systems. Transactions in GIS,2002(6)
48刘红阁,郑丽萍,张少方.本体论的研究和应用现状.信息技术快报. 2005.7,3(1)
49郁书好.基于本体的教学知识库研究.河海大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 7~9,15~18
50 D. N. Sormaz, B. Khoshnevis. Process Planning Knowledge Representation using an Object-oriented Data Model[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 2005, 10 (4):92~104
51徐宝祥,叶培华.知识表示方法的研究.情报科学. 2007, 25(5) : 691~693
52 Y-k Wong. Reviews of some Qualitative Reasoning and Analysis Methods. Microcomputer Application. 1999, 18(3):119~127
53陈禹六. DIEF建模分析与设计方法.清华大学出版社. 1999.
54 Uschold , M.King , M.Moralee , S and Zorgios , Y. The Enterprise Ontology. The Knowledge Engineering Review,1998,13(1)
55 M.FERNANDEZ , A.GMOEZ-PEREZ , N.JURISTO. METHNOTOLOGY : From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering , AAAl-97 Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering[J],Stanford University,Mareh24~26th. 1997.
56 Jorg-UweKietz,Raphael Volz,Alexander Maedche. Extracting a Domain-Specific ontology from a Corporate Intranet,Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language in Logic Workshop, Lisbon,2000.
2 K. L. Edwards. Towards more strategic Product design for manufacture and assembly : priorities for strategic Product concurrent engineering ,Materials and Design. 2002, Vol.23:651~656
3杨蓓.专家系统在产品可制造性分析中的应用研究.郑州大学硕士学位论文. 2004:1~3
4 Boothroyd G. Product Design for Manufacturability Assembly. CAD. 1994, 26(7):505~515.
5 Bothroyd G, Dewhust P. Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly Computer aided Design. 1994, 26(7):165~173
6田文刚.开展航空型号产品标准化审查的实践与认识.航天标准化与质量. 2005, 8(18):30~32
7王先遗,蒲建等.面向制造的零件设计理论与实现.计算机集成制造系统CIMS. 2004, 24(2):21~25
8杨洪君,宁汝新.基于工艺知识库的面向制造设计系统的研究.北京理工大学机械与车辆工程学院. 2006:110~112
9 Kuo.Tsai-C, Huang Samuel H., Zhang, Hong-C. Design for manufacture and design for“X”:concepts,applications,and perspectives. Computers and Industrial Engineering. 2001(12), Vol.41No.3:241~260
10段福斌.零件可制造性分析系统的研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文. 2002:9~10
11 SHARNKERSR,JANSSONDG. A generalized methodology for evaluating manufacturability[A]. Concurrent Engineering: Contemporary Issues and Modem Design Tools[C]. London. Chapman&Hall. 1993:248~263
12 Venkatachalam A R. Automating Manufacturability Evaluation in CAD Systems Through Expert Systems Approaches. Expert systems with Applications. 1994, 7(2):495~506
13 Therese Lawlor-Wright,Roger G. Hannam. A feature-based design for manufacture. CAD/CAM Package. CAE Journal. 1989, (l):215~220
14 Cutkosky M R,Tenenbaum J M. Toward a Framework for concurrent design. International J. of systems Automation : Research and Application,1992, 1(3):239~261
15 Cherng J G,Shao X Y,Chen Y. Feature based part Modeling and process planning for Rapid Response Manufacturing. Computers in Industrial Engineer. 1998. 34(2):525~530
16 Gupta S K , Nan D S. A Systematic Approach for Analyzing the Manufacturability of Machined Parts. Computer Aided Design. 1995, 27(5):323~342
17 Yannoulakis N J,Wysk R A. Quantitative Measures of Manufacturability for Rotational Parts. Trans,of ASME,J,of Engineering for industry. 1994, 116(2):189~198
18 Yannou Lakis N. J,Joshi S. B,Wysk R. A. Quantitative measure of manufacturability for rotational parts. Journal of Engineering for Industry. 1994, (11):189~198
19 Zhang G , Lu Stephen C. Y. Artificial Intelligent Applications in Manufacturing. An Expert System Approach for Economic Evaluation of Machine Operation Planning, AAAI,The MIT Press. 1992:133~156
20 Das D,Gupta S K,Nau D S. Generating Redesign Suggestions to Reduce Setup Cost: A Step Toward Automated Redesign. Computer Aided Design. 1996, 28(10):763~782
21 Hay C. Plan-Based Manufacturability Analysis and Generation of Shape-Changing Redesign Suggestions. J. Of Intelligent Manufacturing. 1996, 7:121~132
22高峰,胡庆夕,李培根,段正澄.基于制造约束的零件可制造性评价.华中理工大学学报. 1997年3月:21~23
23胡庆夕,高峰,李培根,段正澄.制造约束规则的表达方法研究.华中理工大学学报. 1997年3月:18~20
24胡庆夕.面向制造的设计系统中的可制造性评价方法与应用.高技术通讯. 1998年9月:30~35
25孙连胜,林晓青,钟振宇.卫星结构件可制造性分析系统.航天制造技术. 2005年4月第2期:24~28
26宋玉银,肖亦辉,成哗,蔡复之.产品可制造性评价方法的研究.清华大学学报自然版. 1998年7月:111~114
27敖勇刚,万敏,李新军.基于KBE的飞机板金件工艺性审查系统.北京航空航天大学学报. 2006年9月,第32卷第9期:1096~1099
28宋玉银,成哗,蔡复之,肖亦辉,唐东.基于知识的机械零件DFM方法研究.清华大学学报自然版. 1999年8月
29刘红军,莫蓉,范庆明,常智勇,万能.并行工程下基于特征的零件可制造性研究.中国机械工程. 2006年4月,第17卷第8期:805~809
30何煌深,张和明,刘成颖,苏海洋. DFM的关键技术与实现模式研究.计算机集成制造系统—CIMS. 2001年11月:45~49
31吴玉光,高曙明,陈子辰.产品可制造性逐步评价方法.中国机械工程. 2001年2月:208~212
32黄荣瑛,王治森.并行可制造性综合评价.制造业自动化. 2001年7月
33黄荣瑛,王治森,杜晓荣.产品可制造性评价方法.机械工业自动化. 1998年1月:10~14
34樊洪波,面向并行工程的零件可制造性评价研究,浙江大学硕士学位论文. 2003:8~10
35 Gruber T R. A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications,Knowledge Acquisition. 1993, 5(2):199~220
36 Chandrasekaran B,Josephson J R,Benjamins V R. What are Ontologies and Why Do We Need Them. IEEE Intelligent Systems. 1999, 14(l):20~26
37 Zuniga G L. Ontology: Its Transformation from Philosophy to Information on Systems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems(FOIS’01).Ogunquit, Maine,USA. 2001:187~197
38李文杰.基于本体的分布式知识库系统研究.天津大学博士学位论文. 2004:12~14
39邓志鸿、唐世渭等. Ontology研究综述.北京大学学报(自然科学版) . 2002.9,38(5)
40 Cf.T.R.Gruber. A translation approach to portable ontologies. Knowledge Acquisition. 1993, 5(2)
41 Thomas R. Gruber. Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing,Revision: August23,1993
42 W.N.Borst. Construction of Engineering Ontologies for Knowledge Sharing and Reuse. PhD thesis. University of Twente,Enschede. 1997
43 Fensel D. The semantic web and its languages. IEEE Computer Society 15. 2000
44 Fensel D. Ontologies: Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Cnunoeree.SPringer. 2001
45 R.P.B.Swartout,K.Knight,T.Russ. Toward Distributed Use of Large-Seale Ontologies,Ontological Engineering. 1997
46 NoyF.N. , McGuinnessD.L. Ontology Development 101 : A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology. Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01-05 and Stanford Medical Informatics Technical Report SMI-2001-0880. 2001.3
47 Fonseca,F. Egenhofer M.,Agouris,P.,Camara G. Using Ontologies for Intergrated Geographic Information Systems. Transactions in GIS,2002(6)
48刘红阁,郑丽萍,张少方.本体论的研究和应用现状.信息技术快报. 2005.7,3(1)
49郁书好.基于本体的教学知识库研究.河海大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 7~9,15~18
50 D. N. Sormaz, B. Khoshnevis. Process Planning Knowledge Representation using an Object-oriented Data Model[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 2005, 10 (4):92~104
51徐宝祥,叶培华.知识表示方法的研究.情报科学. 2007, 25(5) : 691~693
52 Y-k Wong. Reviews of some Qualitative Reasoning and Analysis Methods. Microcomputer Application. 1999, 18(3):119~127
53陈禹六. DIEF建模分析与设计方法.清华大学出版社. 1999.
54 Uschold , M.King , M.Moralee , S and Zorgios , Y. The Enterprise Ontology. The Knowledge Engineering Review,1998,13(1)
55 M.FERNANDEZ , A.GMOEZ-PEREZ , N.JURISTO. METHNOTOLOGY : From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering , AAAl-97 Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering[J],Stanford University,Mareh24~26th. 1997.
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