复杂装备智能机内测试技术研究
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摘要
论文讨论的复杂装备主要以军用电子学装备为背景,也称复杂电子学装备或复杂电子学系统,简称电子学装备。复杂装备综合测试技术是实现装备可靠性、维修性、保障性、测试性和安全性的重要技术手段。
复杂装备综合测试包括机内测试(Built-in Test,BIT)和地面测试系统(Ground-Test System,GTS)两大部分。机内测试是指在系统、设备内部提供的在线检测、状态识别和故障定位与隔离的自动化测试能力。地面测试系统是装备外部提供在线或离线检测、任务剖面仿真、故障诊断与定位的自动化测试系统。综合检测技术是装备整体设计、组件设计、状态监测、故障诊断和维修决策等方面的共性关键技术,能够大大提高装备的状态监测和故障诊断能力,增强维修效率,保证装备战备完好率。
论文针对电子学装备的机内测试技术和地面测试技术展开了深入研究,其中重点研究机内测试关键技术。全文贯穿将电子学装备BIT与GTS理论与工程化紧密结合的研究思路。
论文主要针对电子学装备智能综合测试设计与实际工程应用的不足开展研究,在研究过程中着重解决两个问题:
第一,复杂电子学装备智能BIT建模、设计、智能综合检测与故障诊断基础理论与基础问题的研究与分析。
第二,应用BIT和GTS综合测试先进理论与新型技术,针对复杂电子学装备工程应用开展相关技术的研究与探索。
针对这两大方面,论文开展了深入研究,其主要的工作与贡献包括:
1)应用复杂系统建模和系统工程的理论与方法,针对电子学装备建立BIT测试模型、分析关键指标的度量和测试知识表示方法;将基于统计理论的组件和系统模型与装备BIT可测试性设计紧密结合,提出了针对复杂电子学系统机内测试层次模型,并开展了工程化应用实践研究。
2)探讨了先进的BIT智能检测手段,并应用于电子学装备BIT智能检测实践中;运用信息融合、小波变换、神经网络、马尔可夫模型等先进的理论工具,对电子学装备经常遇到的故障模式进行深入的分析。研究了在装备测试中常见的突变信号特点,应用小波分析建立了突变信号处理框架,给出了带维修态的马尔可夫故障处理模型。
3)分析了装备测量信息的不确定性问题及其产生的原因,运用贝叶斯决策、系统辨识和参数估计等技术解决实际工程中出现的问题;讨论了基于最大熵原理测量信息先验分布的详细计算算法,给出了仿真结果。
4)针对电子学装备BIT设计需求,开展了先进现场总线与实时网络的BIT分布式测试关键技术研究,分析了基于TTCAN的调度算法及其应用方法。在工程中设计了基于ARM920T、Cortex-M3和PowerPC的BIT测试节点,研制了原理样机。分析了智能装备所需要的任务关键实时调度算法,提出了一种基于任务关键度的实时调度算法(Critical-based Schedule Algorithms,CSA)。
5)针对电子学装备“五性”“三化”要求和装备研制需求,开展了装备BIT和GTS通用化、组合化的测试设备设计技术研究。提出了复杂电子学装备通用地面测试接口(General Ground-Test Interface,GGTI)标准,规范了测试接口设计,研制了基于GGTI的通用化、系列化测控板卡。提出了基于系统芯片的系统级BIT一体化设计,完成了原型验证。
复杂电子学装备BIT与GTS智能综合测试技术的研究还处在发展阶段,在理论与工程研制方面还存在许多有待解决的问题。论文在复杂电子学装备综合测试领域的工作为今后进一步的研究提供了新的技术和思路。
This dissertation discusses the complicated equiments mainly applied in Military Electronics System (MES), and can be called Complicated Electronics System (CES). The integrated testing technique of CES is an important approach to improve reliability, maintainability, supportability, testability, safety and diagnostic capability of complicated military equipments greatly. It can be improved the operational readiness and increased maintenance support capacity of complex equiment system.
Integrated testing of CES includes Built-in test (BIT) and Ground-Test System (GTS). The BIT technology is defined as an on-board hardware-software diagnostic in equipment and system. The GTS is defined as on-line or off-line testing outside of equiments. The integrated testing means to achieve measurement data, identify faults for CES, and it is a common key technique of system design, compoment design, condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, maintaining decision and so on.
This dissertation discusses the BIT and GTS technology of complicated equiments,especially for BIT of CES. It studies on design and application of BIT and GTS in CES, combines BIT and GTS system modeling, design, intelligent detection and diagnosis with the development of new military equipments closely today.
Because the BIT and GTS design and application in CES have some problems, so BIT and GTS technologies become a key issue that should be well solved. This dissertation mainly study on two topics:
Firstly, it is pay attention to study and anylize on the basic theories and essence problems in system model, design, monitoring and diagnosis of intelligent BIT and GTS technology for CES.
Secondly, how to apply the advance theory and new-style technology of intelligent BIT and GTS to the complicated equipment design and manufacture systematically.
The main results in the dissertation are as follows:
1) According to complicated system modeling and system engineering theory, established BIT and GTS testability model, key measurement index, and test knowledge representation methods. It is combined components and system model in statistic mathematics with the design of equipment testability, and applied in engineering practice for complicated electronic equipments.
2) Discuss the advanced methods of intelligent detection and diagnosis, such as information fuse, wavelet transform, netural networks, and markov model etc, and analyzed the abrupt change phenomena, fault pattern, then submits a uniform process architecture for CES.
3) Analyzed the reasons of uncertainty problems in measurement information of CES, exerted bayes decision, system identification, and parameter estimation to solve the practice problems in engineering environment. It submits a full algorithm to compute the prior distribution using maximum entropy principle and discussed the process methods for small samples in the CES.
4) This paper studied on advanced field bus and real-time network technology for requestion of BIT design in the CES, designed a lot of BIT test nodes with AT91RM9200, Cortex M3 and PowerPC processors, and produced the test devices. In order to improve real-time performance of equipment, anylized the real-time schedule algorithms and submitted a Critical-based Schedule Algorithms (CSA).
5) In order to implement“five nature”and“seriation, generalization andmodularizatio”of CES, submitted a kind of testability design for BIT and ATE. The paper submits a General Ground-Test Interface (GGTI) stardard, designs a series of testing board, and submits an integrated schema for BIT in CES based on system-chip. The devices that made in our project have successfully applied in the real devices and systems.
At present, the research work on BIT and GTS of complicated electronic equiments are at the stage of initial development, and there are many problems still open. The relative technologies and mechanism presented in this dissertation may provide some new techniques and ideas for the development of the integrated testing of complicated electronic equiments.
复杂装备综合测试包括机内测试(Built-in Test,BIT)和地面测试系统(Ground-Test System,GTS)两大部分。机内测试是指在系统、设备内部提供的在线检测、状态识别和故障定位与隔离的自动化测试能力。地面测试系统是装备外部提供在线或离线检测、任务剖面仿真、故障诊断与定位的自动化测试系统。综合检测技术是装备整体设计、组件设计、状态监测、故障诊断和维修决策等方面的共性关键技术,能够大大提高装备的状态监测和故障诊断能力,增强维修效率,保证装备战备完好率。
论文针对电子学装备的机内测试技术和地面测试技术展开了深入研究,其中重点研究机内测试关键技术。全文贯穿将电子学装备BIT与GTS理论与工程化紧密结合的研究思路。
论文主要针对电子学装备智能综合测试设计与实际工程应用的不足开展研究,在研究过程中着重解决两个问题:
第一,复杂电子学装备智能BIT建模、设计、智能综合检测与故障诊断基础理论与基础问题的研究与分析。
第二,应用BIT和GTS综合测试先进理论与新型技术,针对复杂电子学装备工程应用开展相关技术的研究与探索。
针对这两大方面,论文开展了深入研究,其主要的工作与贡献包括:
1)应用复杂系统建模和系统工程的理论与方法,针对电子学装备建立BIT测试模型、分析关键指标的度量和测试知识表示方法;将基于统计理论的组件和系统模型与装备BIT可测试性设计紧密结合,提出了针对复杂电子学系统机内测试层次模型,并开展了工程化应用实践研究。
2)探讨了先进的BIT智能检测手段,并应用于电子学装备BIT智能检测实践中;运用信息融合、小波变换、神经网络、马尔可夫模型等先进的理论工具,对电子学装备经常遇到的故障模式进行深入的分析。研究了在装备测试中常见的突变信号特点,应用小波分析建立了突变信号处理框架,给出了带维修态的马尔可夫故障处理模型。
3)分析了装备测量信息的不确定性问题及其产生的原因,运用贝叶斯决策、系统辨识和参数估计等技术解决实际工程中出现的问题;讨论了基于最大熵原理测量信息先验分布的详细计算算法,给出了仿真结果。
4)针对电子学装备BIT设计需求,开展了先进现场总线与实时网络的BIT分布式测试关键技术研究,分析了基于TTCAN的调度算法及其应用方法。在工程中设计了基于ARM920T、Cortex-M3和PowerPC的BIT测试节点,研制了原理样机。分析了智能装备所需要的任务关键实时调度算法,提出了一种基于任务关键度的实时调度算法(Critical-based Schedule Algorithms,CSA)。
5)针对电子学装备“五性”“三化”要求和装备研制需求,开展了装备BIT和GTS通用化、组合化的测试设备设计技术研究。提出了复杂电子学装备通用地面测试接口(General Ground-Test Interface,GGTI)标准,规范了测试接口设计,研制了基于GGTI的通用化、系列化测控板卡。提出了基于系统芯片的系统级BIT一体化设计,完成了原型验证。
复杂电子学装备BIT与GTS智能综合测试技术的研究还处在发展阶段,在理论与工程研制方面还存在许多有待解决的问题。论文在复杂电子学装备综合测试领域的工作为今后进一步的研究提供了新的技术和思路。
This dissertation discusses the complicated equiments mainly applied in Military Electronics System (MES), and can be called Complicated Electronics System (CES). The integrated testing technique of CES is an important approach to improve reliability, maintainability, supportability, testability, safety and diagnostic capability of complicated military equipments greatly. It can be improved the operational readiness and increased maintenance support capacity of complex equiment system.
Integrated testing of CES includes Built-in test (BIT) and Ground-Test System (GTS). The BIT technology is defined as an on-board hardware-software diagnostic in equipment and system. The GTS is defined as on-line or off-line testing outside of equiments. The integrated testing means to achieve measurement data, identify faults for CES, and it is a common key technique of system design, compoment design, condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, maintaining decision and so on.
This dissertation discusses the BIT and GTS technology of complicated equiments,especially for BIT of CES. It studies on design and application of BIT and GTS in CES, combines BIT and GTS system modeling, design, intelligent detection and diagnosis with the development of new military equipments closely today.
Because the BIT and GTS design and application in CES have some problems, so BIT and GTS technologies become a key issue that should be well solved. This dissertation mainly study on two topics:
Firstly, it is pay attention to study and anylize on the basic theories and essence problems in system model, design, monitoring and diagnosis of intelligent BIT and GTS technology for CES.
Secondly, how to apply the advance theory and new-style technology of intelligent BIT and GTS to the complicated equipment design and manufacture systematically.
The main results in the dissertation are as follows:
1) According to complicated system modeling and system engineering theory, established BIT and GTS testability model, key measurement index, and test knowledge representation methods. It is combined components and system model in statistic mathematics with the design of equipment testability, and applied in engineering practice for complicated electronic equipments.
2) Discuss the advanced methods of intelligent detection and diagnosis, such as information fuse, wavelet transform, netural networks, and markov model etc, and analyzed the abrupt change phenomena, fault pattern, then submits a uniform process architecture for CES.
3) Analyzed the reasons of uncertainty problems in measurement information of CES, exerted bayes decision, system identification, and parameter estimation to solve the practice problems in engineering environment. It submits a full algorithm to compute the prior distribution using maximum entropy principle and discussed the process methods for small samples in the CES.
4) This paper studied on advanced field bus and real-time network technology for requestion of BIT design in the CES, designed a lot of BIT test nodes with AT91RM9200, Cortex M3 and PowerPC processors, and produced the test devices. In order to improve real-time performance of equipment, anylized the real-time schedule algorithms and submitted a Critical-based Schedule Algorithms (CSA).
5) In order to implement“five nature”and“seriation, generalization andmodularizatio”of CES, submitted a kind of testability design for BIT and ATE. The paper submits a General Ground-Test Interface (GGTI) stardard, designs a series of testing board, and submits an integrated schema for BIT in CES based on system-chip. The devices that made in our project have successfully applied in the real devices and systems.
At present, the research work on BIT and GTS of complicated electronic equiments are at the stage of initial development, and there are many problems still open. The relative technologies and mechanism presented in this dissertation may provide some new techniques and ideas for the development of the integrated testing of complicated electronic equiments.
引文
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