次同步谐振机理分析与抑制方案的研究
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摘要
大容量、远距离输电是我国电力事业发展的客观需求，串联补偿技术是提高远距离输电系统传输容量、改善系统稳定性的一种非常有效的方法。然而，当串联补偿输电网络所形成的电气谐振回路的固有频率与汽轮发电机组轴系扭振固有频率互补（其和等于同步频率）时，系统可能发生次同步谐振，严重威胁着电力系统的稳定性和转子轴系的安全。所以近年来，次同步谐振问题已经得到了国内外科研人员的广泛关注，分析研究次同步谐振的发生机理和减小因此所带来的危害等一系列问题已然成为电力系统稳定运行的重要研究内容。
本文从次同步谐振的三大问题（感应发电机效应、机电扭转作用、暂态扭矩放大现象）入手，详细阐明了其发生过程和产生的影响，并且简单介绍了高压直流输电系统的次同步振荡问题。以IEEE Frist Benchmark Model为模型，基于过零检测系统控制可控串联补偿装置的关断脉冲，以此来达到抑制次同步谐振的目的并通过仿真得到验证。
由于现今解决方法还存在着种种的不足之处，本文将时滞反馈控制理论（DFC）引入电力系统保护与控制中。分别通过建立电力系统、轴系系统和时滞反馈系统的数学模型，借助于特征根聚类法分析和Routh列表分析不同串补度系统的稳定性，找出稳定的延迟时间区域。运用Simulink对稳定区域内的一个稳定点进行时域仿真验证。结果表明，运用时滞反馈控制系统可以有效的减小因次同步谐振所引起的轴系扭曲力。
Large-capacity and long-distance transmission is the necessary demand of theelectric industry development of our country, and series compensation technology is aneffective way to enhance the long-distance transmission ability and the stability of thesystem. However, if the resonance frequency of series compensated transmissionnetwork and the natural frequency of turbine-generator shaft complement each other(the sum is equal to synchronous frequency), it may result in SubsynchronousResonance. It is a serious threat to the power system stability and the safety of the rotorshaft.
Beginning with Subsynchronous Resonance three big problems (Inductiongenerator effect, Mechanical and electronic reverse interactions, Transient shaft torqueamplification), this paper detailed illustrates their occurrence process and influence, andsimply introduces Subsynchronous Oscillation problem of High Voltage Direct CurrentTransmission System (HVDC). This investigation is done based on the IEEE FirstBenchmark Model and shafting model. Turn-off pulse generator with zero crossingdetectors is used for Gate-Controlled Series Capacitors controlling in order to dampSSR and has been verified through the simulation.
Because there are a variety of solutions of the shortcomings, this paper willintroduce delay feedback control theory (DFC) into electric power system protectionand control. Through the establishment of power system, shaft system and delayfeedback control system, the stable time delay parameter of the delayed feedbackcontroller is managed by means of employing the Cluster Treatment of CharacteristicRoots (CTCR) and Routh Listing. At last, using Simulink for a point in the stable timedomain confirm its feasibility. It shows that delayed feedback control system caneffectively decrease distortion force because of Subsynchronous Resonance.
本文从次同步谐振的三大问题（感应发电机效应、机电扭转作用、暂态扭矩放大现象）入手，详细阐明了其发生过程和产生的影响，并且简单介绍了高压直流输电系统的次同步振荡问题。以IEEE Frist Benchmark Model为模型，基于过零检测系统控制可控串联补偿装置的关断脉冲，以此来达到抑制次同步谐振的目的并通过仿真得到验证。
由于现今解决方法还存在着种种的不足之处，本文将时滞反馈控制理论（DFC）引入电力系统保护与控制中。分别通过建立电力系统、轴系系统和时滞反馈系统的数学模型，借助于特征根聚类法分析和Routh列表分析不同串补度系统的稳定性，找出稳定的延迟时间区域。运用Simulink对稳定区域内的一个稳定点进行时域仿真验证。结果表明，运用时滞反馈控制系统可以有效的减小因次同步谐振所引起的轴系扭曲力。
Large-capacity and long-distance transmission is the necessary demand of theelectric industry development of our country, and series compensation technology is aneffective way to enhance the long-distance transmission ability and the stability of thesystem. However, if the resonance frequency of series compensated transmissionnetwork and the natural frequency of turbine-generator shaft complement each other(the sum is equal to synchronous frequency), it may result in SubsynchronousResonance. It is a serious threat to the power system stability and the safety of the rotorshaft.
Beginning with Subsynchronous Resonance three big problems (Inductiongenerator effect, Mechanical and electronic reverse interactions, Transient shaft torqueamplification), this paper detailed illustrates their occurrence process and influence, andsimply introduces Subsynchronous Oscillation problem of High Voltage Direct CurrentTransmission System (HVDC). This investigation is done based on the IEEE FirstBenchmark Model and shafting model. Turn-off pulse generator with zero crossingdetectors is used for Gate-Controlled Series Capacitors controlling in order to dampSSR and has been verified through the simulation.
Because there are a variety of solutions of the shortcomings, this paper willintroduce delay feedback control theory (DFC) into electric power system protectionand control. Through the establishment of power system, shaft system and delayfeedback control system, the stable time delay parameter of the delayed feedbackcontroller is managed by means of employing the Cluster Treatment of CharacteristicRoots (CTCR) and Routh Listing. At last, using Simulink for a point in the stable timedomain confirm its feasibility. It shows that delayed feedback control system caneffectively decrease distortion force because of Subsynchronous Resonance.
引文
[1]杨洁.并行的高压交直流输电线路合成电场的计算研究[华北电力大学学位论文].华北电力大学，2007.1-4
[2]杨小力.西北电力外送市场发展趋势研究[J].生产力研究,2010,95(2):95-105
[3]武守远,城朝波,王宇红.可控串联补偿输电技术及其新进展[J].Technology技术,2009,1:96-100
[4] P.M.Anderson, R.G.Farmer.Series.Compensation of Power Systems.California, USA: PBLISH.Inc,1996:986-989
[5] IEEE Committee Report. Terms, Definitions and Symbols for SubsynchronouOscillations.IEEE Trans.on PAS,1985, PAS-104(6):1326-1334
[6] Hall M C，Hodges D A．Experience with500kV subsynchronous resonanceand resulting turbine generator shaft damage at Mohave generatingstation[M]．New York：IEEE press，1976:1065-1069
[7]曹路，陈晰，可控串联补偿抑制次同步谐振的机理[J].电力系统自动化，2001，25（4）:25-30
[8]刘世宇,谢小荣,王仲鸿.我国火电基地串补输电系统的次同步谐振问题[J].电网技术,2008,32(1):5-8
[9] IEEE Subsynchronous Resonance Working Group. First Benchmark Model forComputer Simulation of Subsynchronous Resonance.IEEE Trans.PAS.1977,PAS-96(5):1565-1572
[10]IEEE Subsynchronous Resonance Working Group. Second Benchmark Model forComputer Simulation of Subsynchronous Resonance. IEEE Trans PAS,1985,PAS-104(5):1057-1066
[11]IEEE Committee Report. Readers Guide to Subsynchronous Resonance.IEEETrans on POWERS,1992,7(1):150-157
[12]许楚镇,张恒涛.汽轮发电机组轴系扭振事故剖析和技术开发展望[J].动力工程,1990,10(2):9-16
[13]陈陈，杨煜.几种次同步振荡分析方法和工具的阐述[J].电网技术,1998，22（8）：10-13
[14]汪富泉,李后强.维数理论与差异协同律[J].系统辩证学学报,1994,4:30-36
[15]Lei X， Buchholz B M， Retzmann D W. Analyzing Subsynchronous ResonanceUsing a simulation Program. Power System Technology, Dec2000, Vol2:775-781
[16]杨帆,康海燕.次同步谐振频率扫描法的电磁暂态仿真实现[J].四川电力技术,2010,33(6):19-22
[17]李吉芳.复转矩系数法应用于多机电力系统的修正[J].继电器,2004,32(8):5-7
[18]雷宪章,D.Povh.串联补偿技术在远距离高电压交流输电系统中的应用.电网技术,1998,22(11):34-38
[19]文劲宇,孙海顺,程时杰.电力系统的次同步振荡问题[J].电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(12):1-5
[20]柏晓路，刘宇，张茂松.串补装置次同步谐振特性分析[J].电力科学与工程,2009,25(7):20-25
[21]宋江波.电力系统次同步谐振分析与抑制研究[上海交通大学学位论文].上海交通大学，2007.3-5
[22]康海燕.TCSC抑制电力系统次同步谐振的特性及其分析方法研究[上海交通大学学位论文].上海交通大学,2008.4-9
[23]Mahipalsinh C.Chudasama and Anil M.Kulkarni. Dynamic Phasor Analysisof SSR Mitigation Schemes Based on Passive Phase Imbalance. IEEETRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS,2010,88(950):1-8
[24]张丹.高压直流输电系统次同步振荡的特征值分析与控制[华北电力大学学位论文].华北电力大学，2011.11-13
[25]Nagesh Prabhu and K.R.Padiyar. Investigation of SubsynchronousResonance with VSC-Based HVDC Transmission Systems. IEEE TRANSACTIONSON POWER DELIVERY, VOL.24, NO.1, JANUARY2009:433-440
[26]伍凌云.复杂交直流输电系统次同步振荡的分析与控制[四川大学学位论文].四川大学，2007.17-19
[27]江全元，程时杰，曹一家.基于遗传算法的HVDC附加次同步阻尼控制器的设计[J].中国电机工程学报，2002，22(11):87-91
[28]杨秀，王西田，陈陈.高压直流输电系统逆变站对次同步振荡的影响及鲁棒控制设计[J].上海交通大学学报，2005,26(1):31-35
[29]田旭，姜齐荣，谢小荣.电力系统次同步谐振抑制措施综述[J].电网技术,2010,34(12):74-79
[30]周腊吾.柔性交流输电技术[J].大众用电,2004,10（3）：18-19
[31]Xiaorong Xie, Xijiu Guo. Mitigation of Multimodal SSR Using SEDC in theShangdu Series-Compensated Power System. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWERSYSTEMS,2010.2047280：1-7
[32]赵学强.NGH次同步谐振阻尼方案及其改进措施的研究[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(12):29-35
[33]B.K.Keshavan and NageshPrabhu.Damping of Subsynchronous OscillationsUsing STATCOM-A FACTS Controller. Power System Technology POWER-CON2004,21(24):12-14
[34]吕世荣,刘晓鹏.TCSC对抑制次同步谐振的机理分析[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(6):14-19
[35]韩光,童陆园.TCSC抑制次同步谐振的机理分析[J].电力系统自动化,2002,25(7):15-19
[36]封宁君.浅谈TCSC对电力系统次同步谐振的抑制[J].测评与应用,2011,55(3):55-57
[37]蒋平，吴熙.TCSC对电力系统次同步谐振的影响[J].中国电力，2009，42（11）:36-40
[38]江振华,程时杰.含有可控串联补偿电容的电力系统次同步谐振研究[J].电机工程学报,2000,20(6):47-53
[39]B.S.Umre,J.B.Helonde.Application of Gate-Controlled Series Capacitors(GCSC) for Reducing Stresses due to Sub-Synchronous Resonance inTurbine Generator Shaft. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS,2010,310:2300-2305
[40]刘兆燕.基于广域测量信号的电力系统暂态稳定预测及时滞稳定域研究[浙江大学学位论文].浙江大学，2008.63-75
[41]秦元勋,刘永清,王联,郑祖庥.带有时滞的动力系统的稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:155-158
[42]吴治隆.Routh判据的简单证明[J].电子科技大学学报,1996,25(5):507-512
[2]杨小力.西北电力外送市场发展趋势研究[J].生产力研究,2010,95(2):95-105
[3]武守远,城朝波,王宇红.可控串联补偿输电技术及其新进展[J].Technology技术,2009,1:96-100
[4] P.M.Anderson, R.G.Farmer.Series.Compensation of Power Systems.California, USA: PBLISH.Inc,1996:986-989
[5] IEEE Committee Report. Terms, Definitions and Symbols for SubsynchronouOscillations.IEEE Trans.on PAS,1985, PAS-104(6):1326-1334
[6] Hall M C，Hodges D A．Experience with500kV subsynchronous resonanceand resulting turbine generator shaft damage at Mohave generatingstation[M]．New York：IEEE press，1976:1065-1069
[7]曹路，陈晰，可控串联补偿抑制次同步谐振的机理[J].电力系统自动化，2001，25（4）:25-30
[8]刘世宇,谢小荣,王仲鸿.我国火电基地串补输电系统的次同步谐振问题[J].电网技术,2008,32(1):5-8
[9] IEEE Subsynchronous Resonance Working Group. First Benchmark Model forComputer Simulation of Subsynchronous Resonance.IEEE Trans.PAS.1977,PAS-96(5):1565-1572
[10]IEEE Subsynchronous Resonance Working Group. Second Benchmark Model forComputer Simulation of Subsynchronous Resonance. IEEE Trans PAS,1985,PAS-104(5):1057-1066
[11]IEEE Committee Report. Readers Guide to Subsynchronous Resonance.IEEETrans on POWERS,1992,7(1):150-157
[12]许楚镇,张恒涛.汽轮发电机组轴系扭振事故剖析和技术开发展望[J].动力工程,1990,10(2):9-16
[13]陈陈，杨煜.几种次同步振荡分析方法和工具的阐述[J].电网技术,1998，22（8）：10-13
[14]汪富泉,李后强.维数理论与差异协同律[J].系统辩证学学报,1994,4:30-36
[15]Lei X， Buchholz B M， Retzmann D W. Analyzing Subsynchronous ResonanceUsing a simulation Program. Power System Technology, Dec2000, Vol2:775-781
[16]杨帆,康海燕.次同步谐振频率扫描法的电磁暂态仿真实现[J].四川电力技术,2010,33(6):19-22
[17]李吉芳.复转矩系数法应用于多机电力系统的修正[J].继电器,2004,32(8):5-7
[18]雷宪章,D.Povh.串联补偿技术在远距离高电压交流输电系统中的应用.电网技术,1998,22(11):34-38
[19]文劲宇,孙海顺,程时杰.电力系统的次同步振荡问题[J].电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(12):1-5
[20]柏晓路，刘宇，张茂松.串补装置次同步谐振特性分析[J].电力科学与工程,2009,25(7):20-25
[21]宋江波.电力系统次同步谐振分析与抑制研究[上海交通大学学位论文].上海交通大学，2007.3-5
[22]康海燕.TCSC抑制电力系统次同步谐振的特性及其分析方法研究[上海交通大学学位论文].上海交通大学,2008.4-9
[23]Mahipalsinh C.Chudasama and Anil M.Kulkarni. Dynamic Phasor Analysisof SSR Mitigation Schemes Based on Passive Phase Imbalance. IEEETRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS,2010,88(950):1-8
[24]张丹.高压直流输电系统次同步振荡的特征值分析与控制[华北电力大学学位论文].华北电力大学，2011.11-13
[25]Nagesh Prabhu and K.R.Padiyar. Investigation of SubsynchronousResonance with VSC-Based HVDC Transmission Systems. IEEE TRANSACTIONSON POWER DELIVERY, VOL.24, NO.1, JANUARY2009:433-440
[26]伍凌云.复杂交直流输电系统次同步振荡的分析与控制[四川大学学位论文].四川大学，2007.17-19
[27]江全元，程时杰，曹一家.基于遗传算法的HVDC附加次同步阻尼控制器的设计[J].中国电机工程学报，2002，22(11):87-91
[28]杨秀，王西田，陈陈.高压直流输电系统逆变站对次同步振荡的影响及鲁棒控制设计[J].上海交通大学学报，2005,26(1):31-35
[29]田旭，姜齐荣，谢小荣.电力系统次同步谐振抑制措施综述[J].电网技术,2010,34(12):74-79
[30]周腊吾.柔性交流输电技术[J].大众用电,2004,10（3）：18-19
[31]Xiaorong Xie, Xijiu Guo. Mitigation of Multimodal SSR Using SEDC in theShangdu Series-Compensated Power System. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWERSYSTEMS,2010.2047280：1-7
[32]赵学强.NGH次同步谐振阻尼方案及其改进措施的研究[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(12):29-35
[33]B.K.Keshavan and NageshPrabhu.Damping of Subsynchronous OscillationsUsing STATCOM-A FACTS Controller. Power System Technology POWER-CON2004,21(24):12-14
[34]吕世荣,刘晓鹏.TCSC对抑制次同步谐振的机理分析[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(6):14-19
[35]韩光,童陆园.TCSC抑制次同步谐振的机理分析[J].电力系统自动化,2002,25(7):15-19
[36]封宁君.浅谈TCSC对电力系统次同步谐振的抑制[J].测评与应用,2011,55(3):55-57
[37]蒋平，吴熙.TCSC对电力系统次同步谐振的影响[J].中国电力，2009，42（11）:36-40
[38]江振华,程时杰.含有可控串联补偿电容的电力系统次同步谐振研究[J].电机工程学报,2000,20(6):47-53
[39]B.S.Umre,J.B.Helonde.Application of Gate-Controlled Series Capacitors(GCSC) for Reducing Stresses due to Sub-Synchronous Resonance inTurbine Generator Shaft. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS,2010,310:2300-2305
[40]刘兆燕.基于广域测量信号的电力系统暂态稳定预测及时滞稳定域研究[浙江大学学位论文].浙江大学，2008.63-75
[41]秦元勋,刘永清,王联,郑祖庥.带有时滞的动力系统的稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:155-158
[42]吴治隆.Routh判据的简单证明[J].电子科技大学学报,1996,25(5):507-512