腕带式多参数健康监护系统的研究
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摘要
随着人们生活水平与健康意识的不断提高,以及人口老年化的趋势,医疗电子产品已经越来越受到人们的欢迎,人体健康监护仪就是其中之一。因此,针对人体健康监护的发展趋势,本文对生物电信号的测量、处理和识别等技术进行了深入的分析和创造性的改进,设计出腕带式多参数健康监护系统。该系统具有便携式的腕带设计和强大的信号处理能力,能监护人体心电、血压、心率和体温等多项生理指标,以期能够使人们快捷准确地了解自身的身体状况,调整生活方式、提高生活质量,最终能够成为帮助健康的益友。
首先,根据各种生物电信号的特征及其检测技术的优缺点,结合本课题的设计思路,设计出合理的信号检测方案和硬件电路,包括血压检测电路,心电检测电路和体温检测电路;同时又设计了双电源模块、锂离子充电保护电路、液晶显示模块和数据存储模块等其他的模块电路。
其次,对生物电信号进行了处理与识别,针对示波法血压测量的不足,提出了一种将突变法和归一法相结合的血压测量新方法,保证了收缩压和舒张压处脉搏波突变点的准确识别;近年来发展起来的小波理论,在表征信号局部特征上具有很强的能力,适用于检测信号的奇异点或瞬变。利用小波变换对心电信号在不同尺度上进行分解,有效地检测出信号波形的各个特征点,从而建立了基于小波变换的心电信号QRS波的识别方法。
最后,通过实验,对血压、心电、心率和体温检测模块测量的准确性进行验证,实验数据经SPSS统计软件分析,各项指标均达到设计要求,验证了健康监护系统的可行性,并通过Matlab仿真软件,对基于小波变换的心电信号QRS波识别算法进行在各种干扰的条件下仿真实验,实验结果表明QRS波的特征点都能被心电信号QRS波识别算法准确识别。
With the gradual improvement of living standards and health awareness, and the aging population trend, medical electronic products have been increasingly welcomed by the people; human health care monitor is one of them. Aiming at the development trend of human health care, in-depth analysis and creative improvements were carried out for bioelectric signal measuring, processing and recognizing technology, and a wrist-wear, multi-parameter health care system was designed in this paper. This system is portable wrist design and powerful signal processing capabilities, which can guardian body ECG, blood pressure, heart rate and many other physiological indicators, and make people know the physical condition of their own quickly and accurately to adjusted lifestyle and enhance the quality of life. It could ultimately become the befriender of health.
Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of various bioelectric signal measuring technology is summarized, the reasonable detecting programs and hardware circuits were designed in light of the subject design, blood pressure measurement circuit, ECG measurement circuit, body temperature measurement circuit were included; and power supply module circuit, charge and protect of single Li-Ion battery circuit, liquid crystal display module, memory module and other circuits were designed.
Secondly, as to bioelectric signal processing and recognizing technology, Against oscillometric method of blood pressure measurement inadequate, a new method of blood pressure measurement was raised combining with mutagensis method and rate coefficient method, guaranteed the pulse wave point mutation was accurately identified in systolic and diastolic blood pressure; In recent years wavelet theory was developed, wavelet transform has multiresolution analysis and the ability of characterizing partial signal characteristics in time-frequency domain. Accordingly, a wavelet transform of QRS ECG recognizing method was raised.
Finally, the system was applied to experiments, to certify the accuracy of blood pressure, ECG, heart rate and body temperature measurement modules. Experimental data were analyzed with SPSS statistical analysis software, all targets were in accord with design requirements. Thus, the feasibility of this human health care system was certified. Meanwhile Matlab simulation experiment of various interference conditions was carried out and experimental results show that the characteristics of QRS point can be identified accurately by QRS ECG recognizing algorithm.
首先,根据各种生物电信号的特征及其检测技术的优缺点,结合本课题的设计思路,设计出合理的信号检测方案和硬件电路,包括血压检测电路,心电检测电路和体温检测电路;同时又设计了双电源模块、锂离子充电保护电路、液晶显示模块和数据存储模块等其他的模块电路。
其次,对生物电信号进行了处理与识别,针对示波法血压测量的不足,提出了一种将突变法和归一法相结合的血压测量新方法,保证了收缩压和舒张压处脉搏波突变点的准确识别;近年来发展起来的小波理论,在表征信号局部特征上具有很强的能力,适用于检测信号的奇异点或瞬变。利用小波变换对心电信号在不同尺度上进行分解,有效地检测出信号波形的各个特征点,从而建立了基于小波变换的心电信号QRS波的识别方法。
最后,通过实验,对血压、心电、心率和体温检测模块测量的准确性进行验证,实验数据经SPSS统计软件分析,各项指标均达到设计要求,验证了健康监护系统的可行性,并通过Matlab仿真软件,对基于小波变换的心电信号QRS波识别算法进行在各种干扰的条件下仿真实验,实验结果表明QRS波的特征点都能被心电信号QRS波识别算法准确识别。
With the gradual improvement of living standards and health awareness, and the aging population trend, medical electronic products have been increasingly welcomed by the people; human health care monitor is one of them. Aiming at the development trend of human health care, in-depth analysis and creative improvements were carried out for bioelectric signal measuring, processing and recognizing technology, and a wrist-wear, multi-parameter health care system was designed in this paper. This system is portable wrist design and powerful signal processing capabilities, which can guardian body ECG, blood pressure, heart rate and many other physiological indicators, and make people know the physical condition of their own quickly and accurately to adjusted lifestyle and enhance the quality of life. It could ultimately become the befriender of health.
Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of various bioelectric signal measuring technology is summarized, the reasonable detecting programs and hardware circuits were designed in light of the subject design, blood pressure measurement circuit, ECG measurement circuit, body temperature measurement circuit were included; and power supply module circuit, charge and protect of single Li-Ion battery circuit, liquid crystal display module, memory module and other circuits were designed.
Secondly, as to bioelectric signal processing and recognizing technology, Against oscillometric method of blood pressure measurement inadequate, a new method of blood pressure measurement was raised combining with mutagensis method and rate coefficient method, guaranteed the pulse wave point mutation was accurately identified in systolic and diastolic blood pressure; In recent years wavelet theory was developed, wavelet transform has multiresolution analysis and the ability of characterizing partial signal characteristics in time-frequency domain. Accordingly, a wavelet transform of QRS ECG recognizing method was raised.
Finally, the system was applied to experiments, to certify the accuracy of blood pressure, ECG, heart rate and body temperature measurement modules. Experimental data were analyzed with SPSS statistical analysis software, all targets were in accord with design requirements. Thus, the feasibility of this human health care system was certified. Meanwhile Matlab simulation experiment of various interference conditions was carried out and experimental results show that the characteristics of QRS point can be identified accurately by QRS ECG recognizing algorithm.
引文
1.佛山市第一人民医院网. http://www.fsyyy.com
2.血压计的“准确”考量. 37度医学网. http://37c.com
3. CPO生理健康网. http://www.zgxl.net
4.欧阳葆怡,燕金元.多参数病人检测仪器的现状和未来.世界医疗杂志. 1998, 14(10)
5.陈敏莲.多参数生理监护仪的系统化和网络化研究.上海大学硕士论文.2001
6.杨谦,何明霞.我国医疗监护仪技术的最新进展.医疗卫生装备. 2006, 27(8):1~2
7. Carsten W. Mundt, Kevin N. Montgomery. A Multiparameter Wearable Physiologic Monitoring System for Space and Terrestrial Applications, IEEE Transctions On Information Technology In Biomedicine, 2005, 9(3)
8. ILKKA KORHONEN,JUHA P?RKK?, AND MARK VAN GILS. Health Monitoring in the Home of the Future. IEEE Engineering In Medicine And Biology Magazine,2003
9. J.M.Kang, J. W. Choi, and H. C. Kim. Development of a wrist-worn integrated health monitoring system. San Francisco, CA, USA. September,2004,1~5
10. Cliodhna Ni Scanaill, Brian Ahearne, and Gerard M.Lyons. Long-Term Telemonitoring of Mobility Trends of Elderly People Using SMS Messaging. IEEE Transctions on Information Technology in Biomedicine , 2006, 10(1)
11. A Prentza, P Angelidis. Cost-Effective Health Services for Interactive Continuous Monitoring of Vital Signs Parameters-The e-Vital Concept. Computers in Cardlolgy 2003:399~402
12. Kazuki Nakajima and Kazuo Sasaki. A Simple System for Telemonitoring the Daily Life of An Aged Person Living Alone. Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, 2005:1~4
13.胡大可. MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机.北京航空航天大学出版社
14.胡大可. MSP430系列超低功耗16位单片机原理与应用.北京航空航天大学出版社
15.江国泰,蒋大宗,非创伤性血压测量的理想化力学模型及其参数辨识.中国生物医学工程学报,1991, 10(3): 167~173
16.常润英.临床高血压诊断与治疗.北京.北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社. 1996, 5: 23~37
17.甄斌,周永进,王素品.示波法血压测量的实现与讨论.生物医学工程学杂志. 1999, 16(1): 42~45
18. Homayoun Nazeran, Izzac Gonzalez. A PDA-based Electrocardiogram/Blood Pressure Telemonitor for Telemedicine. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Intermational Conference of the IEEE EMBS. 2004:1~5
19. J.Y.Lee,E.Y. Choi. Blood Pressure Measurement Using Finger Cuff. Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conferenc, 2005:1~4
20. Byra-Cook C., et al. Direct and Indirect Blood Pressure in Critical Care Patients. Nursing Research. 1990, 39(5): 285~288
21.纪承寅.临床心电图快速解读.北京:军事医学科学出版社,2001
22. KY Kong, CY Ng, Kong. Wed-Based Monitoring of real-time ECG date. IEEE Computers in Cardiology. 2000, 38(2): 29~42
23. Gray M. friesen et al A comparison of the noise sensitivity of nine QRS detection algorithms. IEEE traps on BME, 1990, 37(1): 85~89
24.王保华.生物医学测量与仪器.复旦大学出版社, 2000
25.周明芳,舒勤,李巍.体温测量研究进展.中华护理杂志2005, 11(40):1~2
26.甘肃科技纵横2004, 33(5)
27.范美鸣,刘俊莲,张伟秀.体温测量方法与意义.国外医学护理学分册. 1997, 16(2)
28.黄江平.一种热电偶特性的线性化方法.仪器仪表与装置. 2000, 15(6)
29. Eiji Toba, Sadamu Sekiguchi. Non-Invasive Measurement System for Human Respiratory Condition and Body Temperature. Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE Intermational Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integation for Intelligent Systems, 1994:2~5
30.马庆祥.单节锂离子电池保护电路.电子产品应用, 2000: 2~46
31.王水平等.集成稳压器使用指南与应用电路.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.5
32.孟庆建,苏燕,何志勇.医疗电子设备的电磁兼容.医疗设备信息. 2004.6, 19(6)
33.杨显清,赵家升,王园.电磁场与电磁波.国防工业出版社. 2003
34.吴建辉.印制电路板的电磁兼容性设计.国防工业出版社. 2005
35.冯维萍.电子产品设计过程中消除干扰信号的PCB布线技巧.电讯技术. 2003, (3)
36.路林吉,饶家明.数据采集技术概论.电子技术. 2000, (2)
37. Chin-Teng Lin.Reducinon of Interference in Oscillometric Arterial Blood Pressure Measurement Using Fuzzy Logic. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2003, 50(4)
38. Dean Reske and Zahra Moussavi. Design Of A Wed-Based Remote Heart-Monitoring System. Proceedings of the Second Joint EMBS/BMES Conference, 2002:23~26
39. Byra-Cook C., et al. Direct and Indirect Blood Pressure in Critical Care Patients. Nursing Research. 1990. 39(5): 285~288
40.王鹏巨,杨原茂,田孝文等.用示波法实现动脉血压的自动检测.医疗器械. 1987, 11(2):79~83
41.刘必跃.影像电子血压计测量准确的因素.计量与测试技术, 2004,(8)
42. X.F.Teng and YT. Zhang Continuous and Noninvasive Estimation of Arterial Blood Pressure Using a Photoplethysmographic Approach. Proceeding of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS. 2003 .9:17~21
43. Maynard Ramset 111.Blood pressure monitoring:automated oscillometric device. Journal of Clinical Monitoring, l991, 7(1):56-67
44. Geddes G.W., Voelz M., Combs C., et al. Characterization of the Oscillometic Method for Measuring in Direct Blood Pressure. Am. Biomed. Eng. 1982.10: 271~280
45. Mauro Ursino, Cristina Cristalli. A mathematical study of some biomechanical factors affecting the oscillometric blood pressure measurement. IEEE TransBiomed. Eng. 1996, 43:761~778
46. Kevin Hung. Implementation of a WAP-Based Telemedicine System for Patient Monitoring. IEEE Transctions On Information Technology in Biomedicine, 2003, 7(12)
47. Eugenijus Kaniusas. Method for Continuous Nondisturbing Monitoring of Blood Pressure by Magnetoelastic Skin Curvature Sensor and ECG.IEEE Sensors Journal, 2006, 16(3)
48.王朔.数字家用心电图机的研究.天津大学硕士毕业论文. 2004.1
49. Mallat S , Hwang WL. Singularity Detection and Processing with Wavelets, IEEE Trans Inform Theory, 1992, 38:617~643
50. Hamilton PS , Tompkins WJ, Quantitative Investigation of QRS Detection Rules Using the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database, IEEE Trans BiomedEng, l991, 33:57~87
51.李翠微.心电信号的小波变换特征提取方法及神经网络分类方法的研究.西安交通大学博士学位论文. 1994
52.杨俊春.远程心电监护系统.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文. 2003
53.张美超,朱代漠.评定两种临床测量方法的一致性研究.中国医学物理学杂志. 1998, 3:32~35
2.血压计的“准确”考量. 37度医学网. http://37c.com
3. CPO生理健康网. http://www.zgxl.net
4.欧阳葆怡,燕金元.多参数病人检测仪器的现状和未来.世界医疗杂志. 1998, 14(10)
5.陈敏莲.多参数生理监护仪的系统化和网络化研究.上海大学硕士论文.2001
6.杨谦,何明霞.我国医疗监护仪技术的最新进展.医疗卫生装备. 2006, 27(8):1~2
7. Carsten W. Mundt, Kevin N. Montgomery. A Multiparameter Wearable Physiologic Monitoring System for Space and Terrestrial Applications, IEEE Transctions On Information Technology In Biomedicine, 2005, 9(3)
8. ILKKA KORHONEN,JUHA P?RKK?, AND MARK VAN GILS. Health Monitoring in the Home of the Future. IEEE Engineering In Medicine And Biology Magazine,2003
9. J.M.Kang, J. W. Choi, and H. C. Kim. Development of a wrist-worn integrated health monitoring system. San Francisco, CA, USA. September,2004,1~5
10. Cliodhna Ni Scanaill, Brian Ahearne, and Gerard M.Lyons. Long-Term Telemonitoring of Mobility Trends of Elderly People Using SMS Messaging. IEEE Transctions on Information Technology in Biomedicine , 2006, 10(1)
11. A Prentza, P Angelidis. Cost-Effective Health Services for Interactive Continuous Monitoring of Vital Signs Parameters-The e-Vital Concept. Computers in Cardlolgy 2003:399~402
12. Kazuki Nakajima and Kazuo Sasaki. A Simple System for Telemonitoring the Daily Life of An Aged Person Living Alone. Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, 2005:1~4
13.胡大可. MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机.北京航空航天大学出版社
14.胡大可. MSP430系列超低功耗16位单片机原理与应用.北京航空航天大学出版社
15.江国泰,蒋大宗,非创伤性血压测量的理想化力学模型及其参数辨识.中国生物医学工程学报,1991, 10(3): 167~173
16.常润英.临床高血压诊断与治疗.北京.北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社. 1996, 5: 23~37
17.甄斌,周永进,王素品.示波法血压测量的实现与讨论.生物医学工程学杂志. 1999, 16(1): 42~45
18. Homayoun Nazeran, Izzac Gonzalez. A PDA-based Electrocardiogram/Blood Pressure Telemonitor for Telemedicine. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Intermational Conference of the IEEE EMBS. 2004:1~5
19. J.Y.Lee,E.Y. Choi. Blood Pressure Measurement Using Finger Cuff. Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conferenc, 2005:1~4
20. Byra-Cook C., et al. Direct and Indirect Blood Pressure in Critical Care Patients. Nursing Research. 1990, 39(5): 285~288
21.纪承寅.临床心电图快速解读.北京:军事医学科学出版社,2001
22. KY Kong, CY Ng, Kong. Wed-Based Monitoring of real-time ECG date. IEEE Computers in Cardiology. 2000, 38(2): 29~42
23. Gray M. friesen et al A comparison of the noise sensitivity of nine QRS detection algorithms. IEEE traps on BME, 1990, 37(1): 85~89
24.王保华.生物医学测量与仪器.复旦大学出版社, 2000
25.周明芳,舒勤,李巍.体温测量研究进展.中华护理杂志2005, 11(40):1~2
26.甘肃科技纵横2004, 33(5)
27.范美鸣,刘俊莲,张伟秀.体温测量方法与意义.国外医学护理学分册. 1997, 16(2)
28.黄江平.一种热电偶特性的线性化方法.仪器仪表与装置. 2000, 15(6)
29. Eiji Toba, Sadamu Sekiguchi. Non-Invasive Measurement System for Human Respiratory Condition and Body Temperature. Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE Intermational Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integation for Intelligent Systems, 1994:2~5
30.马庆祥.单节锂离子电池保护电路.电子产品应用, 2000: 2~46
31.王水平等.集成稳压器使用指南与应用电路.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.5
32.孟庆建,苏燕,何志勇.医疗电子设备的电磁兼容.医疗设备信息. 2004.6, 19(6)
33.杨显清,赵家升,王园.电磁场与电磁波.国防工业出版社. 2003
34.吴建辉.印制电路板的电磁兼容性设计.国防工业出版社. 2005
35.冯维萍.电子产品设计过程中消除干扰信号的PCB布线技巧.电讯技术. 2003, (3)
36.路林吉,饶家明.数据采集技术概论.电子技术. 2000, (2)
37. Chin-Teng Lin.Reducinon of Interference in Oscillometric Arterial Blood Pressure Measurement Using Fuzzy Logic. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2003, 50(4)
38. Dean Reske and Zahra Moussavi. Design Of A Wed-Based Remote Heart-Monitoring System. Proceedings of the Second Joint EMBS/BMES Conference, 2002:23~26
39. Byra-Cook C., et al. Direct and Indirect Blood Pressure in Critical Care Patients. Nursing Research. 1990. 39(5): 285~288
40.王鹏巨,杨原茂,田孝文等.用示波法实现动脉血压的自动检测.医疗器械. 1987, 11(2):79~83
41.刘必跃.影像电子血压计测量准确的因素.计量与测试技术, 2004,(8)
42. X.F.Teng and YT. Zhang Continuous and Noninvasive Estimation of Arterial Blood Pressure Using a Photoplethysmographic Approach. Proceeding of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS. 2003 .9:17~21
43. Maynard Ramset 111.Blood pressure monitoring:automated oscillometric device. Journal of Clinical Monitoring, l991, 7(1):56-67
44. Geddes G.W., Voelz M., Combs C., et al. Characterization of the Oscillometic Method for Measuring in Direct Blood Pressure. Am. Biomed. Eng. 1982.10: 271~280
45. Mauro Ursino, Cristina Cristalli. A mathematical study of some biomechanical factors affecting the oscillometric blood pressure measurement. IEEE TransBiomed. Eng. 1996, 43:761~778
46. Kevin Hung. Implementation of a WAP-Based Telemedicine System for Patient Monitoring. IEEE Transctions On Information Technology in Biomedicine, 2003, 7(12)
47. Eugenijus Kaniusas. Method for Continuous Nondisturbing Monitoring of Blood Pressure by Magnetoelastic Skin Curvature Sensor and ECG.IEEE Sensors Journal, 2006, 16(3)
48.王朔.数字家用心电图机的研究.天津大学硕士毕业论文. 2004.1
49. Mallat S , Hwang WL. Singularity Detection and Processing with Wavelets, IEEE Trans Inform Theory, 1992, 38:617~643
50. Hamilton PS , Tompkins WJ, Quantitative Investigation of QRS Detection Rules Using the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database, IEEE Trans BiomedEng, l991, 33:57~87
51.李翠微.心电信号的小波变换特征提取方法及神经网络分类方法的研究.西安交通大学博士学位论文. 1994
52.杨俊春.远程心电监护系统.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文. 2003
53.张美超,朱代漠.评定两种临床测量方法的一致性研究.中国医学物理学杂志. 1998, 3:32~35