船舶环境激励下的结构模态参数识别研究
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摘要
模态参数的识别对于船舶结构设计,特别是结构减振设计,具有非常重要的指导意义。传统的结构模态识别方法大多需要知道激励信号,而对于船舶这样的大型结构而言,其激励信号是很难测定的,而人工施加激励不仅容易对结构造成损害,并且耗资较高。
近年来发展起来的运行模态识别方法通过一定的技术手段,可以无需知道具体的激励信息,仍然能比较良好的识别结构的模态参数。这在工程上具有很高的使用价值。船舶运行环境中,其激励相对复杂,但可以看做是白噪声信号与单频激励的叠加。本文在分析了船舶环境下各激励特点的基础上,选择了NExT技术和ERA法来识别结构的模态参数。该方法在精度和计算速度上都比较理想。
为了证明NExT技术和ERA法在船舶运行环境下来识别结构的模态参数的可行性,本文首先对于其基本原理进行了详细的推导,并且分类讨论了船舶运行环境下各激励的特点。
然后通过编制相应的计算机程序,对于典型结构的模态结构参数进行识别,得到了比较可靠的结果。
最后,通过自行设计结构模型并进行水池试验进一步验证了NExT技术和ERA法来识别结构的模态参数的可行性,并通过分析实验中出现的问题为该方法向工程实际的转化奠定了基础。
The identification of structure parameters has great instructive in ship and marine design, especially in vibration attenuation design. Traditional identification method need to know the excitation signal, but it is extremely difficult to get from a huge structure like ship or marine structure. If we load the excitation on the structure in manual way, it is not only easy to harm the structure, but also very expensive.
Operational modal identification method can identify the modal parameters well without the excitation signal by technical way. It has a high value in engineering practice. The excitation is very complicated in ship operational condition, but it can be considered as white noise combined with single frequency excitation. On the base of analysis the feature of the excitations which is on the ship operational condition, the author chose NExT and ERA technique to identify the structure parameters. And this method is precise and fast.
To prove the feasibility of NExT and ERA technique in identifying the structure parameters on the ship operational condition, the author derived the theory in details, and discussed the feature of excitation on the ship operational condition.
Then the author identified the parameters of a typical structure by using the programs. And the result is pretty good.
At last, the experiment in the water with the ship modal which is designed by the author proved the feasibility of NExT and ERA technique in the field of identification of structure parameters.
近年来发展起来的运行模态识别方法通过一定的技术手段,可以无需知道具体的激励信息,仍然能比较良好的识别结构的模态参数。这在工程上具有很高的使用价值。船舶运行环境中,其激励相对复杂,但可以看做是白噪声信号与单频激励的叠加。本文在分析了船舶环境下各激励特点的基础上,选择了NExT技术和ERA法来识别结构的模态参数。该方法在精度和计算速度上都比较理想。
为了证明NExT技术和ERA法在船舶运行环境下来识别结构的模态参数的可行性,本文首先对于其基本原理进行了详细的推导,并且分类讨论了船舶运行环境下各激励的特点。
然后通过编制相应的计算机程序,对于典型结构的模态结构参数进行识别,得到了比较可靠的结果。
最后,通过自行设计结构模型并进行水池试验进一步验证了NExT技术和ERA法来识别结构的模态参数的可行性,并通过分析实验中出现的问题为该方法向工程实际的转化奠定了基础。
The identification of structure parameters has great instructive in ship and marine design, especially in vibration attenuation design. Traditional identification method need to know the excitation signal, but it is extremely difficult to get from a huge structure like ship or marine structure. If we load the excitation on the structure in manual way, it is not only easy to harm the structure, but also very expensive.
Operational modal identification method can identify the modal parameters well without the excitation signal by technical way. It has a high value in engineering practice. The excitation is very complicated in ship operational condition, but it can be considered as white noise combined with single frequency excitation. On the base of analysis the feature of the excitations which is on the ship operational condition, the author chose NExT and ERA technique to identify the structure parameters. And this method is precise and fast.
To prove the feasibility of NExT and ERA technique in identifying the structure parameters on the ship operational condition, the author derived the theory in details, and discussed the feature of excitation on the ship operational condition.
Then the author identified the parameters of a typical structure by using the programs. And the result is pretty good.
At last, the experiment in the water with the ship modal which is designed by the author proved the feasibility of NExT and ERA technique in the field of identification of structure parameters.
引文
[1]姚熊亮船体振动[M]哈尔滨工程大学出版社
[2]曹树谦张文德萧龙翔[M]振动结构模态分析天津大学出本社
[3]续秀忠华宏星陈兆能基于环境激励的模态参数辨识方法综述[J]振动与冲击
[4]续秀忠华宏星陈兆能基于环境激励的模态参数识别方法[J]振动与冲击
[5]Cole, H. A., Method and Apparatus for Measuring the Damping Characteristics of a Structure, United States Patent No.3,620,069,1971.
[6]Cole, H. A., On-Line Failure Detection and Damping Measurement of Aerospace Structures by the Random Decrement Signatures, NASA CR-2205,1973.
[7]bonato b, ceraavolo R, A De Stefano. Use of Cross Time Frequency Estimators for Structural Identification in Non-Stationary Conditions and Under Unknown Excitation, Joural of Sound and Vibration.2000,237(5):755-791
[8]Peeters B, De Roeck G et al.Stochastic Subspace Techniques Applied to Parameter Identification of Civil Engineering Structures,proceeding of New Advances in Modal Synthesis of Large Structures:Nonlinear, Damped and Nondeteministic Cases, Lyon,France, September 1995,151-162
[9]Guid De Roeck et al. Benchmark Study on System Identification through Ambient Vibration Measurement,18th IMAC,2000,1106
[10]Rune Brincker, Lingmi Zhang, Palle Andersen Model Identification from Ambient Response Using Frequency Domain Decomposition[C]. proceedings of the 18th IMAC.2000
[11]Rune Brincker, Lingmi Zhang, Palle Andersen Model Identification from AmbientResponse Using Frequency Domain Decomposition[J]. Smart Materials and Structures.2000, 10:441-445
[12]Ibrahim S R. Efficient Random Decrement Computation for Identification of Ambient Responses[C]. Proceedings SPIE.2001,4359:1-6.
[13]Paolo Bonato, Rosario Ceravolo, Alessandro De Stefano. The Use of Wind Excitation in Structural Identif ication[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 74-76(1998):709-718.
[14]李付中华宏星一种非平稳环境激励下线性结构的模态参数识别[J]振动与冲击。2008(03)：8-12
[15]万岭,洪明,姜大正.基于运行模态分析的船舶结构模态参数辨识[C].镇江：中国造船工程学会,2009：59-65.
[16]宋汉文 华宏星 傅志方 工况模态分析理论的概念、应用和发展[J]振动工程学报2004(17)：4-20
[17]李中付,华宏星.一种非平稳环境激励下线性结构的模态参数辨识方法[J].振动与冲击.2008(03)：8-12.
[18]续秀忠,李中付,华宏星,陈兆能.非平稳环境激励下线性结构在线模态参数辨识[J].上海交通大学学报.2003(1)：118-121+126.
[19]续秀忠,华宏星,陈兆能.结构模态参数辨识的时频分析方法[J].噪声与振动控制.2002(5)：3-7.
[20]李中付,华宏星,陈之炎等.基于环境激励的工作模态参数识别[J].上海交通大学学报.2001.35(8)：1167-1171.
[21]李中付,华宏星,陈之炎等.一种白噪声环境激励下模态参数识别方法[J].振动工程学报.2002.15(1)：52-56.
[22]王彤,张令弥.运行模态分析的频域空间域分解法及其应用[J].航空学报,2006,27(1)：62-66.
[23]郑敏,申凡,陈同纲.采用互相关复指数法进行工作模态参数识别[J].南京理工大学学报.2002,(2)：113-116.
[24]郑敏,申凡,陈怀海,鲍明.利用互相关函数进行环境激励下的模态分析[J].航空学报.2000,(6)：535-537.
[25]郑敏,申凡,鲍明.在时域中单独利用响应数据进行模态分析[J].中国机械工程.2003(05)：45-48+4.
[26]Rune Brinker, Palle Andersen, Nis Moller. An Indicator for Separation of Structural and Harmonic Modes in Output-Only Modal Testing[C]. Proceedings of the 18th IMAC. 2000:1649-1654.
[27]R. Pintelon, B. Peeters, P. Guillaume. Continuous-Time Operational Modal Analysis in The Presence of Harmonic Disturbances[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2008.22:1017-1035.
[28]洪明,万岭环境激励下的船舶结构模态参数识别的实验研究振动与冲击2011.
[29]George H. James Ill, Thomas G. Carrie, James P. Lauffer, The Natural Excitation Technique (NExT) for Modal Parameter Extraction From Operating Wind Turbines[R]. California:Sandia National Laboratories, February 1993.
[30]F. Shen, M. Zheng, D. Feng Shi and F. Xu, Using the Cross-Correlation Technique to Extract Modal Parameters on Response-Only Data [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003,259(5):1163-1179.
[31]J. N. Juang, R. S. Pappa. An Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) for Modal Parameter Identification and Model Reduction[R]. Hampton:NASA Langley Research Center,1985: 299-317.
[32]S.R.Ibrahim. Computation of Normal Modes from Identified Complex Modes[J]. AIAA JOURNAL,1982,21(3):446-451
[33]易伟建,刘翔.动力系统模型阶次的确定[J].振动与冲击,2008
[34]博文,任章,周继华.基于奇异值分解的卡尔曼滤波器及在逆变器信号处理中的应用[J].电机与控制学报,2003,3,1(7)：470
[2]曹树谦张文德萧龙翔[M]振动结构模态分析天津大学出本社
[3]续秀忠华宏星陈兆能基于环境激励的模态参数辨识方法综述[J]振动与冲击
[4]续秀忠华宏星陈兆能基于环境激励的模态参数识别方法[J]振动与冲击
[5]Cole, H. A., Method and Apparatus for Measuring the Damping Characteristics of a Structure, United States Patent No.3,620,069,1971.
[6]Cole, H. A., On-Line Failure Detection and Damping Measurement of Aerospace Structures by the Random Decrement Signatures, NASA CR-2205,1973.
[7]bonato b, ceraavolo R, A De Stefano. Use of Cross Time Frequency Estimators for Structural Identification in Non-Stationary Conditions and Under Unknown Excitation, Joural of Sound and Vibration.2000,237(5):755-791
[8]Peeters B, De Roeck G et al.Stochastic Subspace Techniques Applied to Parameter Identification of Civil Engineering Structures,proceeding of New Advances in Modal Synthesis of Large Structures:Nonlinear, Damped and Nondeteministic Cases, Lyon,France, September 1995,151-162
[9]Guid De Roeck et al. Benchmark Study on System Identification through Ambient Vibration Measurement,18th IMAC,2000,1106
[10]Rune Brincker, Lingmi Zhang, Palle Andersen Model Identification from Ambient Response Using Frequency Domain Decomposition[C]. proceedings of the 18th IMAC.2000
[11]Rune Brincker, Lingmi Zhang, Palle Andersen Model Identification from AmbientResponse Using Frequency Domain Decomposition[J]. Smart Materials and Structures.2000, 10:441-445
[12]Ibrahim S R. Efficient Random Decrement Computation for Identification of Ambient Responses[C]. Proceedings SPIE.2001,4359:1-6.
[13]Paolo Bonato, Rosario Ceravolo, Alessandro De Stefano. The Use of Wind Excitation in Structural Identif ication[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 74-76(1998):709-718.
[14]李付中华宏星一种非平稳环境激励下线性结构的模态参数识别[J]振动与冲击。2008(03)：8-12
[15]万岭,洪明,姜大正.基于运行模态分析的船舶结构模态参数辨识[C].镇江：中国造船工程学会,2009：59-65.
[16]宋汉文 华宏星 傅志方 工况模态分析理论的概念、应用和发展[J]振动工程学报2004(17)：4-20
[17]李中付,华宏星.一种非平稳环境激励下线性结构的模态参数辨识方法[J].振动与冲击.2008(03)：8-12.
[18]续秀忠,李中付,华宏星,陈兆能.非平稳环境激励下线性结构在线模态参数辨识[J].上海交通大学学报.2003(1)：118-121+126.
[19]续秀忠,华宏星,陈兆能.结构模态参数辨识的时频分析方法[J].噪声与振动控制.2002(5)：3-7.
[20]李中付,华宏星,陈之炎等.基于环境激励的工作模态参数识别[J].上海交通大学学报.2001.35(8)：1167-1171.
[21]李中付,华宏星,陈之炎等.一种白噪声环境激励下模态参数识别方法[J].振动工程学报.2002.15(1)：52-56.
[22]王彤,张令弥.运行模态分析的频域空间域分解法及其应用[J].航空学报,2006,27(1)：62-66.
[23]郑敏,申凡,陈同纲.采用互相关复指数法进行工作模态参数识别[J].南京理工大学学报.2002,(2)：113-116.
[24]郑敏,申凡,陈怀海,鲍明.利用互相关函数进行环境激励下的模态分析[J].航空学报.2000,(6)：535-537.
[25]郑敏,申凡,鲍明.在时域中单独利用响应数据进行模态分析[J].中国机械工程.2003(05)：45-48+4.
[26]Rune Brinker, Palle Andersen, Nis Moller. An Indicator for Separation of Structural and Harmonic Modes in Output-Only Modal Testing[C]. Proceedings of the 18th IMAC. 2000:1649-1654.
[27]R. Pintelon, B. Peeters, P. Guillaume. Continuous-Time Operational Modal Analysis in The Presence of Harmonic Disturbances[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2008.22:1017-1035.
[28]洪明,万岭环境激励下的船舶结构模态参数识别的实验研究振动与冲击2011.
[29]George H. James Ill, Thomas G. Carrie, James P. Lauffer, The Natural Excitation Technique (NExT) for Modal Parameter Extraction From Operating Wind Turbines[R]. California:Sandia National Laboratories, February 1993.
[30]F. Shen, M. Zheng, D. Feng Shi and F. Xu, Using the Cross-Correlation Technique to Extract Modal Parameters on Response-Only Data [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003,259(5):1163-1179.
[31]J. N. Juang, R. S. Pappa. An Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) for Modal Parameter Identification and Model Reduction[R]. Hampton:NASA Langley Research Center,1985: 299-317.
[32]S.R.Ibrahim. Computation of Normal Modes from Identified Complex Modes[J]. AIAA JOURNAL,1982,21(3):446-451
[33]易伟建,刘翔.动力系统模型阶次的确定[J].振动与冲击,2008
[34]博文,任章,周继华.基于奇异值分解的卡尔曼滤波器及在逆变器信号处理中的应用[J].电机与控制学报,2003,3,1(7)：470