纳米磁流体的磁光性质及其在新型光学材料和器件上的应用研究
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摘要
纳米磁流体是一种具有磁性的纳米材料,它具有液体的流动性和光学性质可调谐的特点,是一种新型的光学功能材料。本论文主要研究纳米磁流体的相关磁光学性质,并探讨其在光子器件和材料上的应用。
本文首先从纳米磁流体的发展历史、主要类型和研究进展等方面对纳米磁流体的背景知识做了综述。继而引出其主要的光学性质及其在各种光学器件上的应用。磁流体之所以拥有这些性质及应用的一个非常重要的原因是因为其在外加匀强磁场的作用下,其中的磁性颗粒四氧化三铁Fe3O4会产生团聚现象,从而生成周期性分布的磁链,这些磁链的方向与外加匀强磁场的方向平行,所以我们对磁性颗粒团簇形成磁链的现象进行了实验研究。此外,二向色性也是磁流体重要的磁光性质之一,对其研究表明,磁流体在外加磁场下对不同偏转态的光吸收率存在差异。
基于上述性质,人们研究出了许多基于磁流体的光子学器件,由于磁流体的光学透射率对这些光子学器件的性能会产生很大的影响,所以研究不同情况下的磁流体光学透射率是很有意义的。我们就透射率随温度的变化进行了研究,实验发现,当外加磁场强度保持不变时,随着温度的升高,磁性颗粒的热运动效应增强,这样就抑制了磁链的形成。因此,光学透射率增加。通过理论分析,我们发现磁流体透射率随着其所处环境温度的变化呈e指数型变化。这个实验结果有助于我们设计一种基于纳米磁流体的温度传感器。通过对灵敏度的研究,发现该温度传感器较适合用于高温环境(例如高于60℃)。
由于磁流体的吸收系数相对较大,当激光束照射到磁流体上时,它会吸收一部分激光能量,这对其本身的光学性质会有影响。为此我们研究了一种基于纳米磁流体和多孔氧化铝薄膜的新型纳米磁光材料的制备过程,并对其光透射和磁光性质进行了研究。与传统的磁流体相比,该材料具有更好的光透射性质。同时,我们发现了该材料的一个独特的磁光性质:负梯度磁线性二向色性,与传统磁流体的郎之万型有很大的区别。该现象可以用两种平均直径不同的磁畴间的反铁磁耦合现象来解释。我们认为基于该材料的这种特殊的磁光效应,对将来集成光器件的发展有着潜在的作用。
Magnetic fluid is a kind of nanostructured material possessing magnetism. It is a novel functional material in optical field, which has both the fluidity of liquid and the tunable optical properties. This dissertation is mainly concerned with the magneto-optical properties of nanostructured magnetic fluid and its potential applications in photonic devices and materials.
We first make a comprehensive introduction on magnetic fluid concerning its development history, main types and research progress. Then, we introduce its magneto-optical properties and its potential applications in photonic devices. One of the most important reasons that magnetic fluid may has these properties and applications is that when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the plane of a magnetic fluid thin film, magnetic chains form in the same direction as the magnetic field. As a result, we carry out experiments to study the agglomeration of magnetic particles in magnetic fluid. In addition, the dichroism is also one of the important magneto-optical properties of magnetic fluid. Experimental studies have shown that optical absorption rates are different for different deflection state of magnetic fluid under an external magnetic field.
Based on the properties above, scientists have developed many magnetic fluid based photonic devices. Because the optical transmission of MF greatly influences the properties and the efficiency of these photonic devices, it is worth researching the optical transmission of MF under different conditions. We carried out experiments to investigate the temperature dependence of the optical transmission. In conclusion, the effect of thermal agitation is enlarged by rising the temperature when the amplitude of the magnetic field is unchanged, which suppresses the magnetic chains that are formed. Thus, the optical transmission is enlarged. From a theoretical analysis, we see that the transmittance fits an exponential growth with the ambient temperature around the MF, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. After the analysis of its sensitivity, it is known that this temperature sensor designed is suitable for using in higher temperature, to say above 60oC.
When the magnetic fluid is irradiated by a laser beam, a part of the energy of the laser beam will be absorbed by the magnetic fluid for it has a relative large coefficient. For this reason, optical magnetic nanostructures, based on anodic aluminum oxide membranes and magnetic fluids, were fabricated and investigated in both transmission and magneto-optical properties. A strong enhancement in transmission property has been found compared with the traditional magnetic fluids. Excellent magneto-optical characteristic was obtained: a negative differential magnetic linear dichroism was observed, quite different from the traditional Langevin type of magnetic fluids. This phenomenon was interpreted by an antiferromagnetic coupling between two types of magnetic grains having different average diameters in the nanocomposites. Based on its outstanding magneto-optical effects, it may open potentials for future integral optical devices.
本文首先从纳米磁流体的发展历史、主要类型和研究进展等方面对纳米磁流体的背景知识做了综述。继而引出其主要的光学性质及其在各种光学器件上的应用。磁流体之所以拥有这些性质及应用的一个非常重要的原因是因为其在外加匀强磁场的作用下,其中的磁性颗粒四氧化三铁Fe3O4会产生团聚现象,从而生成周期性分布的磁链,这些磁链的方向与外加匀强磁场的方向平行,所以我们对磁性颗粒团簇形成磁链的现象进行了实验研究。此外,二向色性也是磁流体重要的磁光性质之一,对其研究表明,磁流体在外加磁场下对不同偏转态的光吸收率存在差异。
基于上述性质,人们研究出了许多基于磁流体的光子学器件,由于磁流体的光学透射率对这些光子学器件的性能会产生很大的影响,所以研究不同情况下的磁流体光学透射率是很有意义的。我们就透射率随温度的变化进行了研究,实验发现,当外加磁场强度保持不变时,随着温度的升高,磁性颗粒的热运动效应增强,这样就抑制了磁链的形成。因此,光学透射率增加。通过理论分析,我们发现磁流体透射率随着其所处环境温度的变化呈e指数型变化。这个实验结果有助于我们设计一种基于纳米磁流体的温度传感器。通过对灵敏度的研究,发现该温度传感器较适合用于高温环境(例如高于60℃)。
由于磁流体的吸收系数相对较大,当激光束照射到磁流体上时,它会吸收一部分激光能量,这对其本身的光学性质会有影响。为此我们研究了一种基于纳米磁流体和多孔氧化铝薄膜的新型纳米磁光材料的制备过程,并对其光透射和磁光性质进行了研究。与传统的磁流体相比,该材料具有更好的光透射性质。同时,我们发现了该材料的一个独特的磁光性质:负梯度磁线性二向色性,与传统磁流体的郎之万型有很大的区别。该现象可以用两种平均直径不同的磁畴间的反铁磁耦合现象来解释。我们认为基于该材料的这种特殊的磁光效应,对将来集成光器件的发展有着潜在的作用。
Magnetic fluid is a kind of nanostructured material possessing magnetism. It is a novel functional material in optical field, which has both the fluidity of liquid and the tunable optical properties. This dissertation is mainly concerned with the magneto-optical properties of nanostructured magnetic fluid and its potential applications in photonic devices and materials.
We first make a comprehensive introduction on magnetic fluid concerning its development history, main types and research progress. Then, we introduce its magneto-optical properties and its potential applications in photonic devices. One of the most important reasons that magnetic fluid may has these properties and applications is that when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the plane of a magnetic fluid thin film, magnetic chains form in the same direction as the magnetic field. As a result, we carry out experiments to study the agglomeration of magnetic particles in magnetic fluid. In addition, the dichroism is also one of the important magneto-optical properties of magnetic fluid. Experimental studies have shown that optical absorption rates are different for different deflection state of magnetic fluid under an external magnetic field.
Based on the properties above, scientists have developed many magnetic fluid based photonic devices. Because the optical transmission of MF greatly influences the properties and the efficiency of these photonic devices, it is worth researching the optical transmission of MF under different conditions. We carried out experiments to investigate the temperature dependence of the optical transmission. In conclusion, the effect of thermal agitation is enlarged by rising the temperature when the amplitude of the magnetic field is unchanged, which suppresses the magnetic chains that are formed. Thus, the optical transmission is enlarged. From a theoretical analysis, we see that the transmittance fits an exponential growth with the ambient temperature around the MF, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. After the analysis of its sensitivity, it is known that this temperature sensor designed is suitable for using in higher temperature, to say above 60oC.
When the magnetic fluid is irradiated by a laser beam, a part of the energy of the laser beam will be absorbed by the magnetic fluid for it has a relative large coefficient. For this reason, optical magnetic nanostructures, based on anodic aluminum oxide membranes and magnetic fluids, were fabricated and investigated in both transmission and magneto-optical properties. A strong enhancement in transmission property has been found compared with the traditional magnetic fluids. Excellent magneto-optical characteristic was obtained: a negative differential magnetic linear dichroism was observed, quite different from the traditional Langevin type of magnetic fluids. This phenomenon was interpreted by an antiferromagnetic coupling between two types of magnetic grains having different average diameters in the nanocomposites. Based on its outstanding magneto-optical effects, it may open potentials for future integral optical devices.
引文
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