LGB680挖掘装载机装载工作装置优化设计
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摘要
随着国家基础建设的大规模推进和施工的多样化发展,多功能型工程机械开始走上舞台,承担起大型工程的辅助及小型精品工程的建设任务。挖掘装载机由于具有前装后挖的特殊结构,用一台机器即可实现装载和挖掘两种施工模式,特别是通过在两端加装快速连接装置,可实现不同工作属具的轻松转换,满足不同的施工环境要求。现在,挖掘装载机已经成为多功能型工程机械的领头兵,开始广泛使用于市政建设、电缆铺设、公路建设及养护、油田建设、机场工程、农田水利建设等各种中小型工程。
装载工作装置是挖掘装载机的重要组成机构之一,其性能的好坏直接影响整机性能的发挥。对该工作装置进行分析优化不仅能够提升挖掘装载机的设计、制造水平,提高生产率以及功率利用率、改善工作条件等;同时,对增加挖掘装载机的市场竞争力,对挖掘装载机产品系列化、精品化的发展也具有重要意义。
本文以LGB680挖掘装载机为样机,在深入研究装载工作装置的结构特点、工作过程的基础上,建立了装载工作装置的分析模型;探讨了评价装载工作装置性能的主要参数;分析了机构运动中可能出现的干涉情况;创建了用于运动学优化的实体模型;利用多体动力学软件RecurDyn对装载工作装置的整个工作过程进行了动态仿真分析;利用RecurDyn/AutoDesign工程软件得到了较好的优化结果,为改型换代提供了有利的参考依据。最后利用了有限元分析软件Ansys Workbench对装载工作装置进行了强度分析。
With the national infrastructure construction advancing in a large scale and the construction diversifying, multi-functional construction machinery is playing a more and more important role in construction of large-scale projects and small-scale extractive projects. Backhoe loader features loading with front part and digging with rear part, one machines can perform two modes of construction work. Changing instant working attachments will expand its functions to adapt to various works. Nowadays, backhoe loader is taking the lead among multi-functional construction machineries and it is widely used for small and medium-scale projects, such as public projects, cable placing, road building and maintenance, oil field construction, airport projects, farm and irrigation works Currently, all the domestic construction machinery manufacturers are increasing efforts of researching and developing backhoe loader to meet the market requirements. However, the domestic research level still lags behind their foreign counterpart to certain extent. In order to research and develop economical and efficient construction equipments and improve technical performance of backhoe loader, it is necessary to calculate and analyze the structure and movement process of its work equipments, this will provide theoretical and technical support for designing.
Loading equipment is one of important parts of backhoe loader, its performance has an direct effect on the performance of the machine. Analyzing and optimizing this work equipment can improve the design and manufacturing level and productivity, it can also make better use of its power and improve working conditions. This article takes the work equipments of LGB680 backhoe loader manufactured by Shandong Lingong Construction Machinery Co., Ltd as antetype. Based on plenty of research on its structure and use, analytic models are established for loading equipment. This article analyzes its structure characteristics and kinematics characteristics; and discusses the main technical parameters of its performance; and analyzes possible interposition when working, which provide reference for improvements. Three aspects of work are done as follows:
(1) Mechanism and dynamics analyses were performed on the loading working device eight-link parallel mechanism based on the professional knowledge, analytical model for the loading working device of backhoe loader LGB680 was set up; the required external applied load for dynamics analysis was determined; the overall parameters and performance parameters such as breakout force and etc. were also analyzed; dynamic simulation was conducted, and translational property, transmission ratio, transmission angle were analyzed; the possible structure and movement interference were analyzed; the objective function and constraint function required in the optimization process were determined; the possible mechanism and movement interference situations occurred during the movement process were analyzed.
(2) Mechanism optimization analysis was performed on the loading working device of the backhoe loader from a new perspective, through the establishment of optimal model, the definition of parameter point, the setup of parameter values and the establishment of constraint and driving functions, the objective and constraint functions were determined. Mechanism optimization analysis was carried out via multi-body dynamics simulation software RecurDyn/AutoDesign toolbox, and a mechanism model with superior performance to the existing one was obtained. By comparing the various optimized performance induces with the former one, we can see that the performance of the new mechanism is more competitive, which provides reference data for further upgrading the design level in the future.
(3) use the GM finite element analysis software Ansys Workbench to analysis the wheel loader working equipments through solid modeling and static finite element, to calculate the stress and straining in the working condition, and analysis the distribution of the dangerous cross-section and the high-stress zone . Find out the stress center and easy broken zone, to take measure to improve. We can see from the calculation results, when the machine in working mood, the distribution zones of stress is the same for the two lift arms: upper surface is pulled, and the under surface is pressed. In the side loading working conditions, the stress distribution zones for two life arms are different. For the weighted side life arm, the upper surface is pulled, and the under surface is pressed. But it is opposite for the other lift arm. Because most load weight is borne by left lift arm, so in the side loading working conditions, the stress is much higher. Overall, it is not big stress for lift arms, in all working conditions, the max stress should lower than material allowed stress, should have enough stress stock, and percent of max stress zone should be larger, to compare with the low stress zone, so the structure can be improved, decrease the weight, improve the performance. The rules of straining and stress are quite same. Affected by the two kinds loading ways, the max straining zone is on the rear rocker arm when side loading. For the two loading ways, the rear pull rod used 110mm wide, 30mm thick steel plate in original design, it is safer, so it can be reduced to lower the cost.
Through the analysis for the dynamics, structure improving and intensity of the LGB680 backhoe loader’s working equipments, we get the better capability structure model in this thesis. If this design can be carried out, it can make good sense for improve the backhoe loader’s market competitive strength, backhoe loader’s production line, and also is favor of developing the competitive backhoe loaders.
装载工作装置是挖掘装载机的重要组成机构之一,其性能的好坏直接影响整机性能的发挥。对该工作装置进行分析优化不仅能够提升挖掘装载机的设计、制造水平,提高生产率以及功率利用率、改善工作条件等;同时,对增加挖掘装载机的市场竞争力,对挖掘装载机产品系列化、精品化的发展也具有重要意义。
本文以LGB680挖掘装载机为样机,在深入研究装载工作装置的结构特点、工作过程的基础上,建立了装载工作装置的分析模型;探讨了评价装载工作装置性能的主要参数;分析了机构运动中可能出现的干涉情况;创建了用于运动学优化的实体模型;利用多体动力学软件RecurDyn对装载工作装置的整个工作过程进行了动态仿真分析;利用RecurDyn/AutoDesign工程软件得到了较好的优化结果,为改型换代提供了有利的参考依据。最后利用了有限元分析软件Ansys Workbench对装载工作装置进行了强度分析。
With the national infrastructure construction advancing in a large scale and the construction diversifying, multi-functional construction machinery is playing a more and more important role in construction of large-scale projects and small-scale extractive projects. Backhoe loader features loading with front part and digging with rear part, one machines can perform two modes of construction work. Changing instant working attachments will expand its functions to adapt to various works. Nowadays, backhoe loader is taking the lead among multi-functional construction machineries and it is widely used for small and medium-scale projects, such as public projects, cable placing, road building and maintenance, oil field construction, airport projects, farm and irrigation works Currently, all the domestic construction machinery manufacturers are increasing efforts of researching and developing backhoe loader to meet the market requirements. However, the domestic research level still lags behind their foreign counterpart to certain extent. In order to research and develop economical and efficient construction equipments and improve technical performance of backhoe loader, it is necessary to calculate and analyze the structure and movement process of its work equipments, this will provide theoretical and technical support for designing.
Loading equipment is one of important parts of backhoe loader, its performance has an direct effect on the performance of the machine. Analyzing and optimizing this work equipment can improve the design and manufacturing level and productivity, it can also make better use of its power and improve working conditions. This article takes the work equipments of LGB680 backhoe loader manufactured by Shandong Lingong Construction Machinery Co., Ltd as antetype. Based on plenty of research on its structure and use, analytic models are established for loading equipment. This article analyzes its structure characteristics and kinematics characteristics; and discusses the main technical parameters of its performance; and analyzes possible interposition when working, which provide reference for improvements. Three aspects of work are done as follows:
(1) Mechanism and dynamics analyses were performed on the loading working device eight-link parallel mechanism based on the professional knowledge, analytical model for the loading working device of backhoe loader LGB680 was set up; the required external applied load for dynamics analysis was determined; the overall parameters and performance parameters such as breakout force and etc. were also analyzed; dynamic simulation was conducted, and translational property, transmission ratio, transmission angle were analyzed; the possible structure and movement interference were analyzed; the objective function and constraint function required in the optimization process were determined; the possible mechanism and movement interference situations occurred during the movement process were analyzed.
(2) Mechanism optimization analysis was performed on the loading working device of the backhoe loader from a new perspective, through the establishment of optimal model, the definition of parameter point, the setup of parameter values and the establishment of constraint and driving functions, the objective and constraint functions were determined. Mechanism optimization analysis was carried out via multi-body dynamics simulation software RecurDyn/AutoDesign toolbox, and a mechanism model with superior performance to the existing one was obtained. By comparing the various optimized performance induces with the former one, we can see that the performance of the new mechanism is more competitive, which provides reference data for further upgrading the design level in the future.
(3) use the GM finite element analysis software Ansys Workbench to analysis the wheel loader working equipments through solid modeling and static finite element, to calculate the stress and straining in the working condition, and analysis the distribution of the dangerous cross-section and the high-stress zone . Find out the stress center and easy broken zone, to take measure to improve. We can see from the calculation results, when the machine in working mood, the distribution zones of stress is the same for the two lift arms: upper surface is pulled, and the under surface is pressed. In the side loading working conditions, the stress distribution zones for two life arms are different. For the weighted side life arm, the upper surface is pulled, and the under surface is pressed. But it is opposite for the other lift arm. Because most load weight is borne by left lift arm, so in the side loading working conditions, the stress is much higher. Overall, it is not big stress for lift arms, in all working conditions, the max stress should lower than material allowed stress, should have enough stress stock, and percent of max stress zone should be larger, to compare with the low stress zone, so the structure can be improved, decrease the weight, improve the performance. The rules of straining and stress are quite same. Affected by the two kinds loading ways, the max straining zone is on the rear rocker arm when side loading. For the two loading ways, the rear pull rod used 110mm wide, 30mm thick steel plate in original design, it is safer, so it can be reduced to lower the cost.
Through the analysis for the dynamics, structure improving and intensity of the LGB680 backhoe loader’s working equipments, we get the better capability structure model in this thesis. If this design can be carried out, it can make good sense for improve the backhoe loader’s market competitive strength, backhoe loader’s production line, and also is favor of developing the competitive backhoe loaders.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家标准:挖掘装载机术语,挖掘装载机参数,挖掘装载机技术条件.中华人民共和国建设部,1988.9
[2]刘泳.挖掘装载机历史及前景展望[J].交通世界,2003(5):42-45
[3]王玉良.挖掘装载机的发展现状、趋势及研制思路[J].建筑机械,2003(1):38-40
[4]孔凡宏.“两头忙”何时才能忙起来——国内挖掘装载机市场前景浅析[J].交通世界,2003(5):46-48
[5]张启君,陶仕甫.挖掘装载机市场状况与前景分析[J].建筑机械化,2005(5):11-17
[6]周明龙.国内外挖掘装载机发展综述[J].工程机械与维修,1996(2): 8-9
[7]罗百顺,符毅.挖掘装载机40年的发展历程[J].工程机械与维修,1997(4):11
[8]汪锡龄.剖析“两头忙”——挖掘装载机技术及市场发展评析[J].建筑机械,2005(3):28~31
[9]吉林工业大学工程机械教研室.轮式装载机设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982年.第1版
[10]周玉忠,张家励,付为芳.装载机工作装置特殊八杆机构优化设计[J].吉林工业大学学报,1998(1):17-21
[11]范文杰,徐进永,张子达.挖掘装载机装载工作装置动态应力仿真[J].农业机械学报, 2006(2):25-28
[12]王国彪,杨力夫.装载机工作装置优化设计[M].北京:机械工程出版社,1996.第1版
[13]范文杰,张子达,文广.挖掘装载机装载工作装置有限元分析[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2005(2):45-47
[14]石沛林,唐子立,王世强.装载机新型工作装置反求设计[J].建筑机械,2000(1):36-38
[15]周玉忠,张逸国.装载机八杆机构工作装置[J].工程机械,2003(9):24-27
[16]周玉忠,闫冠,李盛成,诸文农.多功能装载机特殊八杆机构工作装置设计分析[J].农业机械学报,2000.(5):70-73
[17]曹超群.基于虚拟样机的装载机工作装置的设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004
[18]于硕,闫涵.装载机工作装置的机构分析[J].工程机械,2001(8): 28-30+3
[19]杨占敏,王智明,张春秋等编著.轮式装载机[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.第1版
[20]李军,邢俊文,谭文洁.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002.第1版
[21] MSC.SOFTWARE著.邢俊文,陶永臣译.MSC.ADAMS/VIEW高级培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004 .第1版
[22] MSC.SOFTWARE著.李军,陶永臣译.MSC.ADAMS FSP基础培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.第1版
[23]王国强,张进平,马若丁编.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的应用[M].兰州:西北工业大学出版社,2002.第1版
[24] Yoonsun Kim,Youngjin. Park.Preview Control of High Mobility tracked Vehicle Suspension with Multiple Wheels.ICCAS2002
[25]施志平.装载机工作装置运输位置限位引起机构干涉的分析与避免措施[J].工程机械,1992(11):17-18
[26]杨晋生主编.铲土运输机械设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1983.第1版
[27]高秀华,王国强.重型机械[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2001.第1版
[28]茅承钧,孙伟,王东方.装载机工作装置新型连杆机构的优化设计[J].建筑机械,1989(5):9-14
[29] JCB commit to growth sector.Mor.2002.3
[30] ADAMS Users Reference Mannul.MDI.1997
[31]胡铁华.井下铲运机装载作业动力学建模及仿真研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学,1999
[32]周玉忠.装载机八杆机构工作装置的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2000
[33]陈育仪编著.工程机械优化设计[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1987.第1版
[34]章成器编著.优化设计方法在工程机械的应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1993.第1版
[35]郭卫,陈斌,张传伟,赵拴峰.基于ADAMS的装载机动力学研究[J].煤矿机电,2006(4):2-5
[36]陆鹏飞.强夯机刚柔混合多体动力学仿真[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007
[37]范秋霞.采煤机搬运车(单驱)静态分析与动态仿真[D].太原:太原理工大学,2007
[38] RECURDYN USE GUIDE .FUNCTIONBAR CO.LTD
[39] Jisong Sun, Youcheng Li, Eng Hong Ong Accelerated Drop Test Simulation using Relative Coordinate Solution and Finite Element Method
[40]张传伟,陈斌,郭卫.基于ADAMS的装载机多体动力学研究[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2006(1):51-53
[41]李耀辉,孙仲超,陈斌,张传伟,李建华.基于ADAMS的装载机多体动力学研究[J].煤矿机械,2006(10):107-109
[42]霍岩.ZL80轮式装载机工作装置仿真优化分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2006年
[43]李兵,何正嘉,陈雪峰编著.ANSYS WORKBENCH设计、仿真与优化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008.第1版
[2]刘泳.挖掘装载机历史及前景展望[J].交通世界,2003(5):42-45
[3]王玉良.挖掘装载机的发展现状、趋势及研制思路[J].建筑机械,2003(1):38-40
[4]孔凡宏.“两头忙”何时才能忙起来——国内挖掘装载机市场前景浅析[J].交通世界,2003(5):46-48
[5]张启君,陶仕甫.挖掘装载机市场状况与前景分析[J].建筑机械化,2005(5):11-17
[6]周明龙.国内外挖掘装载机发展综述[J].工程机械与维修,1996(2): 8-9
[7]罗百顺,符毅.挖掘装载机40年的发展历程[J].工程机械与维修,1997(4):11
[8]汪锡龄.剖析“两头忙”——挖掘装载机技术及市场发展评析[J].建筑机械,2005(3):28~31
[9]吉林工业大学工程机械教研室.轮式装载机设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982年.第1版
[10]周玉忠,张家励,付为芳.装载机工作装置特殊八杆机构优化设计[J].吉林工业大学学报,1998(1):17-21
[11]范文杰,徐进永,张子达.挖掘装载机装载工作装置动态应力仿真[J].农业机械学报, 2006(2):25-28
[12]王国彪,杨力夫.装载机工作装置优化设计[M].北京:机械工程出版社,1996.第1版
[13]范文杰,张子达,文广.挖掘装载机装载工作装置有限元分析[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2005(2):45-47
[14]石沛林,唐子立,王世强.装载机新型工作装置反求设计[J].建筑机械,2000(1):36-38
[15]周玉忠,张逸国.装载机八杆机构工作装置[J].工程机械,2003(9):24-27
[16]周玉忠,闫冠,李盛成,诸文农.多功能装载机特殊八杆机构工作装置设计分析[J].农业机械学报,2000.(5):70-73
[17]曹超群.基于虚拟样机的装载机工作装置的设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004
[18]于硕,闫涵.装载机工作装置的机构分析[J].工程机械,2001(8): 28-30+3
[19]杨占敏,王智明,张春秋等编著.轮式装载机[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.第1版
[20]李军,邢俊文,谭文洁.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002.第1版
[21] MSC.SOFTWARE著.邢俊文,陶永臣译.MSC.ADAMS/VIEW高级培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004 .第1版
[22] MSC.SOFTWARE著.李军,陶永臣译.MSC.ADAMS FSP基础培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.第1版
[23]王国强,张进平,马若丁编.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的应用[M].兰州:西北工业大学出版社,2002.第1版
[24] Yoonsun Kim,Youngjin. Park.Preview Control of High Mobility tracked Vehicle Suspension with Multiple Wheels.ICCAS2002
[25]施志平.装载机工作装置运输位置限位引起机构干涉的分析与避免措施[J].工程机械,1992(11):17-18
[26]杨晋生主编.铲土运输机械设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1983.第1版
[27]高秀华,王国强.重型机械[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2001.第1版
[28]茅承钧,孙伟,王东方.装载机工作装置新型连杆机构的优化设计[J].建筑机械,1989(5):9-14
[29] JCB commit to growth sector.Mor.2002.3
[30] ADAMS Users Reference Mannul.MDI.1997
[31]胡铁华.井下铲运机装载作业动力学建模及仿真研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学,1999
[32]周玉忠.装载机八杆机构工作装置的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2000
[33]陈育仪编著.工程机械优化设计[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1987.第1版
[34]章成器编著.优化设计方法在工程机械的应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1993.第1版
[35]郭卫,陈斌,张传伟,赵拴峰.基于ADAMS的装载机动力学研究[J].煤矿机电,2006(4):2-5
[36]陆鹏飞.强夯机刚柔混合多体动力学仿真[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007
[37]范秋霞.采煤机搬运车(单驱)静态分析与动态仿真[D].太原:太原理工大学,2007
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