用SSR标记对玉米优良自交系血缘类群及杂优模式的研究
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摘要
本研究利用玉米基因组的140余对SSR引物，对50个玉米自交系进行PCR扩增，从中筛选出较均匀覆盖在玉米染色体组上的95对多态性引物，共扩增出485个等位基因变异，每对引物检测等位基因2－14个，平均为5.11个；平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.642；用UPGMA法聚类分析。从50个材料中挑选自选系87—1、87—3及14个国内常用的代表不同种质类群的优良玉米自交系为亲本按GriffingⅣ双列杂交模式设计，组配成120个单交组合，采用格子方排列进行试验，计算产量性状的特殊配合力和各组合的对照优势值，以对照优势值作为多维空间的聚类点，计算16个亲本自交系的欧氏距离，最后用类平均法对自交系进行聚类；结合分子标记聚类结果分析了豫玉22双亲的血缘及其产生强杂种优势的机理，并分析了杂种优势与SSR位点杂合度及基于SSR数据按Nie-li法计算的遗传距离间的相关性。同时，根据1981-2003年间河南省种子管理总站每年统计的玉米品种利用情况表，分析了河南省推广面积在3.4万公顷以上的玉米品种种质利用情况，并结合SSR标记对河南省审定品种主要亲本种质类群划分的结果，构建了河南省23年间玉米杂种优势利用的主要杂优模式，并提出4个有发展趋势的杂优模式。
结果表明：1、50个自交系可被划分为8个类群，此结果和系谱分析基本吻合；豫玉22的亲本之一自选系豫自87-1及其姊妹系豫自87-3与含有热带血缘的先锋杂交种P78599后代选系材料P138、许178距离最近，聚为一类，从配合力分析和分子水平进一步推测87-1、
87一3含有部分热带种质;2、两种方法均显示87一1与综3间的遗传距
离较远，调查性状发现二者在穗部等重要性状方面呈明显杂种优势互
补的特征。3、本研究结果表明杂种优势与SSR位点杂合度的相关性
不明显;此外，杂种优势较差的情况下，杂种优势与基于SSR数据
的遗传距离呈一定程度的相关性，而杂种优势明显和一般时，其间的
相关性很小;利用SSR位点杂和度或基于SSR数据的遗传距离预测
杂种优势受到限制。4、1981一2003年间河南省玉米主要种质基础以
Mo17群、Reid群、塘四平头群、旅大红骨类为主，近5年P群和综
合种选系的使用大大增加，拓宽种质取得一定成效;结合SSR标记
对河南省审定品种主要亲本种质类群划分的结果，构建了河南省
1981一2003年间玉米杂种优势利用的20种主要杂优模式，并提出4
个有发展趋势的杂优模式。近20多年来利用最多的杂优模式有7种:
改良Reid群x塘四平头群、Mo17群X旅大红骨群、改良Reid群x
旅大红骨群、P群x综合种、Mol7群X塘四平头群、改良Reid群X
P群和塘四平头群x综合种选系。发展趋势明显的杂优模式有4种:
P群x综合种选系、改良Reid群X其他、改良Reid群x塘四平头群、
P群x其他。
Simple sequence repeat(SSRs) has been used to study genetic diversity of 50 Maize inbred lines of Henan . 95 SSR primers selected from all 140 primers gave distinct profiles amplified in the sample of 50 inbred lines, 95 SSR primers produced 485 polymorphic amplified fragments :the average number of alleles per SSR locus was 5.11 with a range from 2 to 14; The polymorphism information content (PIC) for SSR loci varied from 0.187 to 0.764 with an average of 0.642;Simutaneously, 16 inbred lines ,which embrace 87-1 87-3 and 14 other inbred lines on behalf of different heterotic groups selected from those 50 maize inbred lines,are crossed in dialed cross style according to Griffing IV design .Lattice design was employed to analyze GCA and heterosis of yield, in which 120 maize hybrids were involved . 16 Maize inbred lines were classified eight groups based on yield heterosis and combining ability. The parent's germplasm and the mechanism of heterosis of Yuyu 22 have been studied based on the result of the clust
er analysis according to two kinds of method; The relationship between 120 crosses' heterosis and allele heterozygosity or the genetic distance according to Nie-Li method based on SSR markers has also been studied . In addition, Studing on their parent and their planting area of main corn hybrids authorized in henna from 1981 to 2003, which planting area are over 3.4×l04 hm2 (data come from main maize planting area's statistics of henan done by Henan Seed Management Station), the maize germplasm base and the main utilizing models of heterosis is summarized.
The result shows that:
1 The genetic distance between 87-1 87-3 and P138 Xul78, which have distinctly tropic germplasm, was shorter than that of others and it could be concluded that inbred lines 87-1 87-3 possess partially tropic germplasm;
2 The genetic distance between 87-1 and Zong 3 was long in two kinds of cluster analysis chart, they have many important complement characters such as ear trait;
3 In this paper, the relationship between each of 120 crosses' heterosis value and allele heterozygosity of SSR loci between the two response inbred lines is not related; In addition, in low heterosis crosses ,to some extent ,heterosis and genetic distance
based on SSR markers done by Nie-li method have related, while in high or middle heterosis crosses , the relation coefficiency is very low, So it is restricted to predict heterosis between two inbred lines based on allele heterozygosity of SSR loci or the genetic distance based on SSR markers done by Nie-li method.
4, The main maize germplasm in Henan during 1981-2003 was Mo 17 heterosis groups, Improved reid, Tangsipingtou and ludahonggu; P heterosis groups and Synthesis heterosis groups has been used increasingly in recent five years, The maize germplasm in Henan has been extended greatly. According to the cluster analysis of inbred lines mainly used in authorized hybrids in Henan based on SSR markers, twenty main models of Maize heterosis utilization has been used in 1981-2003. Seven of twenty models have widely been used: Inproved reid × tangsipingtou Mol7 × ludahonggu Inproved reid × ludahonggu P Heterosis groups × Synthesis heterosis groups Mo17× tangsipingtou Inproved reid×P Heterosis groups tangsipingtoux Synthesis heterosis groups. These models may be used greatly in future: P Heterosis groups × Synthesis heterosis Inproved reid× qita Inproved reid × tangsipingtou P Heterosis groups × qita.
结果表明：1、50个自交系可被划分为8个类群，此结果和系谱分析基本吻合；豫玉22的亲本之一自选系豫自87-1及其姊妹系豫自87-3与含有热带血缘的先锋杂交种P78599后代选系材料P138、许178距离最近，聚为一类，从配合力分析和分子水平进一步推测87-1、
87一3含有部分热带种质;2、两种方法均显示87一1与综3间的遗传距
离较远，调查性状发现二者在穗部等重要性状方面呈明显杂种优势互
补的特征。3、本研究结果表明杂种优势与SSR位点杂合度的相关性
不明显;此外，杂种优势较差的情况下，杂种优势与基于SSR数据
的遗传距离呈一定程度的相关性，而杂种优势明显和一般时，其间的
相关性很小;利用SSR位点杂和度或基于SSR数据的遗传距离预测
杂种优势受到限制。4、1981一2003年间河南省玉米主要种质基础以
Mo17群、Reid群、塘四平头群、旅大红骨类为主，近5年P群和综
合种选系的使用大大增加，拓宽种质取得一定成效;结合SSR标记
对河南省审定品种主要亲本种质类群划分的结果，构建了河南省
1981一2003年间玉米杂种优势利用的20种主要杂优模式，并提出4
个有发展趋势的杂优模式。近20多年来利用最多的杂优模式有7种:
改良Reid群x塘四平头群、Mo17群X旅大红骨群、改良Reid群x
旅大红骨群、P群x综合种、Mol7群X塘四平头群、改良Reid群X
P群和塘四平头群x综合种选系。发展趋势明显的杂优模式有4种:
P群x综合种选系、改良Reid群X其他、改良Reid群x塘四平头群、
P群x其他。
Simple sequence repeat(SSRs) has been used to study genetic diversity of 50 Maize inbred lines of Henan . 95 SSR primers selected from all 140 primers gave distinct profiles amplified in the sample of 50 inbred lines, 95 SSR primers produced 485 polymorphic amplified fragments :the average number of alleles per SSR locus was 5.11 with a range from 2 to 14; The polymorphism information content (PIC) for SSR loci varied from 0.187 to 0.764 with an average of 0.642;Simutaneously, 16 inbred lines ,which embrace 87-1 87-3 and 14 other inbred lines on behalf of different heterotic groups selected from those 50 maize inbred lines,are crossed in dialed cross style according to Griffing IV design .Lattice design was employed to analyze GCA and heterosis of yield, in which 120 maize hybrids were involved . 16 Maize inbred lines were classified eight groups based on yield heterosis and combining ability. The parent's germplasm and the mechanism of heterosis of Yuyu 22 have been studied based on the result of the clust
er analysis according to two kinds of method; The relationship between 120 crosses' heterosis and allele heterozygosity or the genetic distance according to Nie-Li method based on SSR markers has also been studied . In addition, Studing on their parent and their planting area of main corn hybrids authorized in henna from 1981 to 2003, which planting area are over 3.4×l04 hm2 (data come from main maize planting area's statistics of henan done by Henan Seed Management Station), the maize germplasm base and the main utilizing models of heterosis is summarized.
The result shows that:
1 The genetic distance between 87-1 87-3 and P138 Xul78, which have distinctly tropic germplasm, was shorter than that of others and it could be concluded that inbred lines 87-1 87-3 possess partially tropic germplasm;
2 The genetic distance between 87-1 and Zong 3 was long in two kinds of cluster analysis chart, they have many important complement characters such as ear trait;
3 In this paper, the relationship between each of 120 crosses' heterosis value and allele heterozygosity of SSR loci between the two response inbred lines is not related; In addition, in low heterosis crosses ,to some extent ,heterosis and genetic distance
based on SSR markers done by Nie-li method have related, while in high or middle heterosis crosses , the relation coefficiency is very low, So it is restricted to predict heterosis between two inbred lines based on allele heterozygosity of SSR loci or the genetic distance based on SSR markers done by Nie-li method.
4, The main maize germplasm in Henan during 1981-2003 was Mo 17 heterosis groups, Improved reid, Tangsipingtou and ludahonggu; P heterosis groups and Synthesis heterosis groups has been used increasingly in recent five years, The maize germplasm in Henan has been extended greatly. According to the cluster analysis of inbred lines mainly used in authorized hybrids in Henan based on SSR markers, twenty main models of Maize heterosis utilization has been used in 1981-2003. Seven of twenty models have widely been used: Inproved reid × tangsipingtou Mol7 × ludahonggu Inproved reid × ludahonggu P Heterosis groups × Synthesis heterosis groups Mo17× tangsipingtou Inproved reid×P Heterosis groups tangsipingtoux Synthesis heterosis groups. These models may be used greatly in future: P Heterosis groups × Synthesis heterosis Inproved reid× qita Inproved reid × tangsipingtou P Heterosis groups × qita.
引文
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