若干玉米自交系杂种优势群划分的研究
摘要
本文以综3、综31等12个优良的玉米自交系为材料，利用产量特殊配合力和SSR分子标记技术，研究了玉米杂种优势群划分，SSR分子标记遗传差异与杂种优势的关系，并且通过SSR标记遗传距离及产量特殊配合力鉴定了综3、综31和构成其原始群体的8个自交系的亲缘关系。主要结果如下：
1、12个自交系按照完全双列杂交设计配成66个杂交组合，用UPGMA方法，以产量特殊配合力为距离，分为6类，分类结果与自交系的亲缘关系基本一致，群间特殊配合力大于群内特殊配合力。
2、对12个玉米自交系进行了SSR分析，107对引物共检测出419个等位基因变异，每对引物检测出2-11个等位基因，平均为3.916个，平均多态性信息量为0.601。表明SSR标记可从分子水平上检测玉米自交系的的遗传多样性。
3、利用Nei-li's法计算了SSR相似系数和遗传距离，通过遗传距离聚类表明，以遗传距离为0.62为标准，12个自交系可划分为6类，聚类结果与玉米已知系谱亲缘关系大多数十分吻合，聚类后的群间遗传距离大于群内遗传距离，结果表明SSR分子标记可用于杂种优势群划分。
4、SSR遗传距离与杂种产量、产量杂种优势，特殊配合力均显著相关，但决定系数很小，表明不能根据亲本遗传距离预测杂种产量、杂种优势。
5、分子标记遗传距离和产量特殊配合力结果表明综3、综31与太183、B73的关系最远，其次是吉63、旅28、大秋36、黄早四，而与自330、Va35的关系最近，但综3同综31相比，综3与Va35的遗传差异更小些，而综31与自330的遗传差异更小些。
Maize heterotic grouping and the relationship between differentiation and heterosis were studied using SSR technique and SCA for yield. The materials consisted of 12 maize inbred lines inclouding Zong3 and Zong31. Besides, the parental contribution of Zong3 and Zong31 were evaluated on the basis of genetic distance of SSRs and SCA of yield data. Following results were obtained:
1.12 inbred lines has been divided into six groups that consistent with the pedigree information using SCA of yield as distance in a diallel set of crosses between them, SCA among groups was greater than that within groups.
2.12 inbred lines were assayed for SSR technique, 107 primers generated a total of 419 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to eleven, with an average of 3.916.Mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.601 .The result showed maize inbred lines had different genetic basis and genetic diversity could be detected by mean of SSRs at molecular level.
3.Similarity coefficient and genetic distance based on SSR data were computed by Nei-li s method. A cluster analysis revealed that 12 inbred lines were divided into six groups, which agreed well with pedigree information. Genetic distances among groups were greater than those within groups after cluster. The result showed that SSRs could be used to heterosis grouping.
4.Genetic distance was significantly correlated with yield performance, heterosis and SCA for yield, but determination coefficient was low. Thus, SSRs was not able to predict yield performance and heterosis.
5.Genetic distance and SCA for yield showed that inbred lines Zong3 and Zong31 were furthest to Tail83 and B73, next to Ji63, Lv28, Daqiu36 and Huangzaosi, and were closest to Zi330 and Va35. Compared to Zong31, Zong3 has less genetic divergence to Va35 and more to Zi330. Zong31 was on the contrary.
1、12个自交系按照完全双列杂交设计配成66个杂交组合，用UPGMA方法，以产量特殊配合力为距离，分为6类，分类结果与自交系的亲缘关系基本一致，群间特殊配合力大于群内特殊配合力。
2、对12个玉米自交系进行了SSR分析，107对引物共检测出419个等位基因变异，每对引物检测出2-11个等位基因，平均为3.916个，平均多态性信息量为0.601。表明SSR标记可从分子水平上检测玉米自交系的的遗传多样性。
3、利用Nei-li's法计算了SSR相似系数和遗传距离，通过遗传距离聚类表明，以遗传距离为0.62为标准，12个自交系可划分为6类，聚类结果与玉米已知系谱亲缘关系大多数十分吻合，聚类后的群间遗传距离大于群内遗传距离，结果表明SSR分子标记可用于杂种优势群划分。
4、SSR遗传距离与杂种产量、产量杂种优势，特殊配合力均显著相关，但决定系数很小，表明不能根据亲本遗传距离预测杂种产量、杂种优势。
5、分子标记遗传距离和产量特殊配合力结果表明综3、综31与太183、B73的关系最远，其次是吉63、旅28、大秋36、黄早四，而与自330、Va35的关系最近，但综3同综31相比，综3与Va35的遗传差异更小些，而综31与自330的遗传差异更小些。
Maize heterotic grouping and the relationship between differentiation and heterosis were studied using SSR technique and SCA for yield. The materials consisted of 12 maize inbred lines inclouding Zong3 and Zong31. Besides, the parental contribution of Zong3 and Zong31 were evaluated on the basis of genetic distance of SSRs and SCA of yield data. Following results were obtained:
1.12 inbred lines has been divided into six groups that consistent with the pedigree information using SCA of yield as distance in a diallel set of crosses between them, SCA among groups was greater than that within groups.
2.12 inbred lines were assayed for SSR technique, 107 primers generated a total of 419 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to eleven, with an average of 3.916.Mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.601 .The result showed maize inbred lines had different genetic basis and genetic diversity could be detected by mean of SSRs at molecular level.
3.Similarity coefficient and genetic distance based on SSR data were computed by Nei-li s method. A cluster analysis revealed that 12 inbred lines were divided into six groups, which agreed well with pedigree information. Genetic distances among groups were greater than those within groups after cluster. The result showed that SSRs could be used to heterosis grouping.
4.Genetic distance was significantly correlated with yield performance, heterosis and SCA for yield, but determination coefficient was low. Thus, SSRs was not able to predict yield performance and heterosis.
5.Genetic distance and SCA for yield showed that inbred lines Zong3 and Zong31 were furthest to Tail83 and B73, next to Ji63, Lv28, Daqiu36 and Huangzaosi, and were closest to Zi330 and Va35. Compared to Zong31, Zong3 has less genetic divergence to Va35 and more to Zi330. Zong31 was on the contrary.
引文
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