蛋粉喷雾干燥智能控制器设计及系统仿真
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摘要
在蛋粉生产过程中，先进、可靠、安全、稳定的蛋粉加工自动检测控制系统对蛋粉质量、高附加值有着决定性意义。随着我国干蛋品生产企业生产规模的日益扩大，以及生产过程自动化水平的不断提高，喷雾干燥已成为提升蛋粉质量、增加出粉率、降低能耗的重要环节。
论文在分析国内外连续过程控制理论、方法研究成果的基础上，结合蛋粉加工过程的控制要求，针对喷雾干燥系统的组成和蛋粉形成工艺流程的特点，对系统温度控制方法进行了多方案比较分析及仿真研究。以一种采用国际先进蛋粉加工工艺的密闭连续式喷雾干燥系统为研究对象，设计并实现了采用复合PID模糊控制方法的智能温度控制系统。系统通过检测进风口、干燥箱内和出风口三处的时变温度，以在线自动修整装置内部参数的方式对蛋粉雾化喷嘴中蛋粉的喷量进行控制，从而保证系统即使在加热器温度等因素不可控的复杂工况下，蛋液水分蒸发所吸收的热量和进风口空气也能通过热分配器补充进的热能有效地保持收支平衡，最终实现模糊控制方法在蛋品加工过程自动控制中的实际应用，控制效果良好。
基于研究工作的进展和实际工程需要，建立了喷雾干燥过程的模糊控制模型；提出了基于此模型对蛋粉加工过程进行动态预测的方法，进而为实现加工过程智能化程度更高的控制提供了理论模型和有效的控制方法。这一关键技术填补了我国在蛋粉加工业中喷雾干燥实现自动控制的空白，为更新国外同类设备提供了技术保证。
During egg powder processing, the system of automatic detection and control is required to be advanced, dependable, safety and stable in order to obtain high quality and high added value of egg powder. With the increasingly enlarging the production capacity in the dry egg product industry in our country, and the continually increasing of automation degree in production process, spray drying becomes an important step of increasing egg powder quality and output, and reducing energy loss.
The researches about the theory and method of process control in the world are analyzed in this paper. Meanwhile, in view of control demand during egg powder processing, temperature control method is analyzed multivariately and simulated according to the composition of spray drying system and the process flow features of egg powder formation. On the structure of closed continuous spray drying system with international advanced egg powder processing technics, intelligent temperature control system is designed with complex fuzzy PID control method. Furthermore, the system is able to automatically modify the internal parameters on line to control the egg powder output in the spray drying mouth according to the integrated temperature detection of air inlet, dry box and air out. Under the complex condition, such as uncontrollable heater temperature, the heat amount absorbed by egg liquid because of evaporization is kept balance between income and expenditure with the heat amount supplied into air inlet by heat distributor. In conclusion, fuzzy control method is applied to automatic control of egg powder processing, and the control result is very good.
Based on preceding research work and practical project application, the method of dynamic prediction is put forward by establishing the fuzzy control model of spray drying processing, which offers theory model and effective control method for realizing more intelligent control of processing. The key technology fills up the blank on the field of spray drying automatic control system in egg powder processing industry in our country, and provides technical assurance for updating overseas like equipments.
论文在分析国内外连续过程控制理论、方法研究成果的基础上，结合蛋粉加工过程的控制要求，针对喷雾干燥系统的组成和蛋粉形成工艺流程的特点，对系统温度控制方法进行了多方案比较分析及仿真研究。以一种采用国际先进蛋粉加工工艺的密闭连续式喷雾干燥系统为研究对象，设计并实现了采用复合PID模糊控制方法的智能温度控制系统。系统通过检测进风口、干燥箱内和出风口三处的时变温度，以在线自动修整装置内部参数的方式对蛋粉雾化喷嘴中蛋粉的喷量进行控制，从而保证系统即使在加热器温度等因素不可控的复杂工况下，蛋液水分蒸发所吸收的热量和进风口空气也能通过热分配器补充进的热能有效地保持收支平衡，最终实现模糊控制方法在蛋品加工过程自动控制中的实际应用，控制效果良好。
基于研究工作的进展和实际工程需要，建立了喷雾干燥过程的模糊控制模型；提出了基于此模型对蛋粉加工过程进行动态预测的方法，进而为实现加工过程智能化程度更高的控制提供了理论模型和有效的控制方法。这一关键技术填补了我国在蛋粉加工业中喷雾干燥实现自动控制的空白，为更新国外同类设备提供了技术保证。
During egg powder processing, the system of automatic detection and control is required to be advanced, dependable, safety and stable in order to obtain high quality and high added value of egg powder. With the increasingly enlarging the production capacity in the dry egg product industry in our country, and the continually increasing of automation degree in production process, spray drying becomes an important step of increasing egg powder quality and output, and reducing energy loss.
The researches about the theory and method of process control in the world are analyzed in this paper. Meanwhile, in view of control demand during egg powder processing, temperature control method is analyzed multivariately and simulated according to the composition of spray drying system and the process flow features of egg powder formation. On the structure of closed continuous spray drying system with international advanced egg powder processing technics, intelligent temperature control system is designed with complex fuzzy PID control method. Furthermore, the system is able to automatically modify the internal parameters on line to control the egg powder output in the spray drying mouth according to the integrated temperature detection of air inlet, dry box and air out. Under the complex condition, such as uncontrollable heater temperature, the heat amount absorbed by egg liquid because of evaporization is kept balance between income and expenditure with the heat amount supplied into air inlet by heat distributor. In conclusion, fuzzy control method is applied to automatic control of egg powder processing, and the control result is very good.
Based on preceding research work and practical project application, the method of dynamic prediction is put forward by establishing the fuzzy control model of spray drying processing, which offers theory model and effective control method for realizing more intelligent control of processing. The key technology fills up the blank on the field of spray drying automatic control system in egg powder processing industry in our country, and provides technical assurance for updating overseas like equipments.
引文
[1]马美湖，我国蛋品工业科技成就、差距及发展前景的探讨[J]，中国家禽，2002，Vol.24，No.19:33～39
[2]娄源功、钱向明、陈复生 等，专用鸡全蛋粉工业化生产新工艺研究[J]，郑州粮食学院学报，1997，Vol.18，No.1:14～19
[3]王菊侠、晁芳芳、杨玲引 等，干蛋粉在国内外食品中的开发与应用[J]，西部粮油科技，2002，No.5:39～42
[4]金绍黑，禽蛋脱水干燥制品[J]，技术与市场，2003，No.4:19～20
[5]Marianne Hammershoj and Jorn Andersen, Egg processing-focus on the functional properties of egg albumen powder[J], POULTRY INTERNATIONAL, November 2002, Vol.41,No.12:18～24
[6]Charles E. Morris, Food Engineers Apply Predictive Control[J], FOOD ENGINEERING, December 1998
[7]胡耀华、贾欣乐，广义预测控制综述[J]，信息与控制，2000，Vol.29，No.3:248～256
[8] Cutler C.R., Ramaker B. L. Dynamic Control------A computer Control Algorithm. Proc, JACC. San Franciso,1980.
[9]席裕庚，预测控制[M]，国防工业出版社，1993
[10]席裕庚、耿晓军、陈虹，预测控制性能研究的新进展[J]，控制理论与应用，2000，Vol.17，No.4:469～475
[11]王伟，广义预测控制理论及其应用[M]，科学出版社，1998
[12]金以惠，生产过程的先进控制[J]，化工自动化及仪表，1997，Vol.24，No.4:59～66
[13]金以惠、王诗、王桂增，过程控制的发展与展望[J]，控制理论与应用，1997，Vol.14，No.2:145～151
[14]薛美盛、吴刚、孙德敏 等，工业过程的先进控制[J]，化工自动化及仪表，2002，Vol.29，No.2:1～9
[15]宋延民、代方远、李赟，蛋粉加工的电气控制系统[J]，电气传动，2002，
No.4: 55～57
[16]易志明、林凌、李刚 等，SPI总线在51系列单片机系统中的实现[J]，国外电子元器件，2003，No.9:21～23
[17]卜玉明，SPI串行总线在单片机8031应用系统中的设计与实现[J]，工业控制计算机，2000，Vol.13，No.1:59～60
[18]傅翔、刘万涵、王群初，喷雾干燥技术[J]，饲料研究，2002，No.6:29
[19]廖传华、李磊，喷雾干燥过程的能耗分析与节能[J]，粮油加工与食品机械，2003，No.10:20～22
[20]钟秦，燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝技术及工程实例[M]，化学工业出版社，2002
[21]陈兴元、杨峻、李菊香 等，高温热管技术在喷雾干燥中的应用[J]，火花塞与特种陶瓷，1995，No.2:34～35
[22] Knut Franke* and Martina Kie?ling，Influence of spray drying conditions on functionality of dried whole egg，Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, J Sci Food Agric 82:1837–1841 (online: 2002) DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1269
[23] Sunil Nath, Gyana R. Satpathy, A Systematic Approach for Investigation of Spray Drying Processes, Drying Technology Vol 16, No 6, Year 1998, 1173
[24]刘宝坤，计算机过程控制系统[M]，机械工业出版社，2001
[25]戎月莉，计算机模糊控制原理及应用[M]，北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[26]林锦国，过程控制系统、仪表、装置[M]，东南大学出版社，2001
[27]金以慧，过程控制[M]，清华大学出版社，1993
[28]翁维勤，过程控制系统及工程[M]，化学工业出版社，1996
[29] Mizumoto, M. (Div of Inf & Comput Sci, Osaka Electro-Commun Univ, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan), Realization of PID controls by fuzzy control methods, Source: 92 IEEE Int Conf Fuzzy Syst FUZZ-IEEE, 1992, p 709-715
[30] Kwok, D.P. (Hong Kong Polytechnic,); Tam, P.; Li, C.K.; Wang, P., Analysis and design of fuzzy PID control systems, Source: IEE Conference Publication, v 2, n 332, 1991, p 955-960
[31]鲍新福、都志杰、王芳君，自调整比例因子模糊控制器[J]，自动化学报，1987，No.2:129～133
[32] Pavlica, V. (Univ of Novi Sad); Petrovacki, D. , Application of PID-fuzzy hybrid
controller, Source: IEEE Conference on Control Applications - Proceedings, v 1, 1998, p 629-632
[33] Brehm, Thomas (Wright State Univ); Rattan, Kuldip S. , Hybrid fuzzy logic PID controller, Source: IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, v 3, 1994, p 1682-1687
[34] Parnichkun, M. (School of Advanced Technologies, Asian Institute of Technology); Ngaecharoenkul, C. , Kinematics control of a pneumatic system by hybrid fuzzy PID, Source: Mechatronics, v 11, n 8, December, 2001, p 1001-1023
[35]苏薇，模糊PID的研究[J]，工业仪表与自动化装置，2001，No.2
[36]方千山，模糊PID控制器及其应用[J]，厦门大学学报，2001，No.8
[37]陈丽兰，模糊PID控制器结构[J]，大庆石油学院学报，2000，No.3
[38]薛定宇，基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M]，清华大学出版社，2002
[39] Lu, J. (Department of Electrical Engineering, Wayne State University); Chen, G.; Ying, H. , Predictive fuzzy PID control: Theory, design and simulation, Source: Information Sciences, v 137, n 1-4, September, 2001, p 157-187
[40]张建仁，Matlab在模糊控制系统仿真中的应用[J]，计算机应用，2002，6：53~55
[41]丁镇生，传感器及传感技术应用[M]，电子工业出版社，1998: 4～30
[42]孙传友、孙晓斌、李胜玉 等，测控电路及装置[M]，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[43]胡志高、高启安，AD7705/06及其应用[J]，电子产品世界，2000，No.10:20～24
[44]朱延钊，AD7705/AD7706原理与应用[J]，国外电子元器件，2002，No.6:59～62
[45]Analog Devices, Inc., AD420/Serial Input 16-Bit 4mA–20mA, 0mA–20mA DAC[DB/OL], 1999
[46]金春雨、陶淼 等，AD420在远程控制系统中的应用[J]，电子产品世界，2002，No.4.A:44～46
[47]黎莉、于明清、张华敏，HD7279A在单片机控制系统中的应用[J]，电子元
器件应用，2003，Vol.5，No.6:8～9
[48]郝立军、齐树兴、杨国霞，串行键盘显示控制器及其应用[J]，电子元器件应用，2003，Vol.5，No.8:42～44
[49]王福瑞 等，单片微机测控系统大全[M]，北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
[50]孙传友、孙晓斌、汉泽西 等，测控系统原理与应用[M]，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[51]熊洪允、曾少标、毛云英，应用数学基础[M]，天津大学出版社，1994
[2]娄源功、钱向明、陈复生 等，专用鸡全蛋粉工业化生产新工艺研究[J]，郑州粮食学院学报，1997，Vol.18，No.1:14～19
[3]王菊侠、晁芳芳、杨玲引 等，干蛋粉在国内外食品中的开发与应用[J]，西部粮油科技，2002，No.5:39～42
[4]金绍黑，禽蛋脱水干燥制品[J]，技术与市场，2003，No.4:19～20
[5]Marianne Hammershoj and Jorn Andersen, Egg processing-focus on the functional properties of egg albumen powder[J], POULTRY INTERNATIONAL, November 2002, Vol.41,No.12:18～24
[6]Charles E. Morris, Food Engineers Apply Predictive Control[J], FOOD ENGINEERING, December 1998
[7]胡耀华、贾欣乐，广义预测控制综述[J]，信息与控制，2000，Vol.29，No.3:248～256
[8] Cutler C.R., Ramaker B. L. Dynamic Control------A computer Control Algorithm. Proc, JACC. San Franciso,1980.
[9]席裕庚，预测控制[M]，国防工业出版社，1993
[10]席裕庚、耿晓军、陈虹，预测控制性能研究的新进展[J]，控制理论与应用，2000，Vol.17，No.4:469～475
[11]王伟，广义预测控制理论及其应用[M]，科学出版社，1998
[12]金以惠，生产过程的先进控制[J]，化工自动化及仪表，1997，Vol.24，No.4:59～66
[13]金以惠、王诗、王桂增，过程控制的发展与展望[J]，控制理论与应用，1997，Vol.14，No.2:145～151
[14]薛美盛、吴刚、孙德敏 等，工业过程的先进控制[J]，化工自动化及仪表，2002，Vol.29，No.2:1～9
[15]宋延民、代方远、李赟，蛋粉加工的电气控制系统[J]，电气传动，2002，
No.4: 55～57
[16]易志明、林凌、李刚 等，SPI总线在51系列单片机系统中的实现[J]，国外电子元器件，2003，No.9:21～23
[17]卜玉明，SPI串行总线在单片机8031应用系统中的设计与实现[J]，工业控制计算机，2000，Vol.13，No.1:59～60
[18]傅翔、刘万涵、王群初，喷雾干燥技术[J]，饲料研究，2002，No.6:29
[19]廖传华、李磊，喷雾干燥过程的能耗分析与节能[J]，粮油加工与食品机械，2003，No.10:20～22
[20]钟秦，燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝技术及工程实例[M]，化学工业出版社，2002
[21]陈兴元、杨峻、李菊香 等，高温热管技术在喷雾干燥中的应用[J]，火花塞与特种陶瓷，1995，No.2:34～35
[22] Knut Franke* and Martina Kie?ling，Influence of spray drying conditions on functionality of dried whole egg，Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, J Sci Food Agric 82:1837–1841 (online: 2002) DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1269
[23] Sunil Nath, Gyana R. Satpathy, A Systematic Approach for Investigation of Spray Drying Processes, Drying Technology Vol 16, No 6, Year 1998, 1173
[24]刘宝坤，计算机过程控制系统[M]，机械工业出版社，2001
[25]戎月莉，计算机模糊控制原理及应用[M]，北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[26]林锦国，过程控制系统、仪表、装置[M]，东南大学出版社，2001
[27]金以慧，过程控制[M]，清华大学出版社，1993
[28]翁维勤，过程控制系统及工程[M]，化学工业出版社，1996
[29] Mizumoto, M. (Div of Inf & Comput Sci, Osaka Electro-Commun Univ, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan), Realization of PID controls by fuzzy control methods, Source: 92 IEEE Int Conf Fuzzy Syst FUZZ-IEEE, 1992, p 709-715
[30] Kwok, D.P. (Hong Kong Polytechnic,); Tam, P.; Li, C.K.; Wang, P., Analysis and design of fuzzy PID control systems, Source: IEE Conference Publication, v 2, n 332, 1991, p 955-960
[31]鲍新福、都志杰、王芳君，自调整比例因子模糊控制器[J]，自动化学报，1987，No.2:129～133
[32] Pavlica, V. (Univ of Novi Sad); Petrovacki, D. , Application of PID-fuzzy hybrid
controller, Source: IEEE Conference on Control Applications - Proceedings, v 1, 1998, p 629-632
[33] Brehm, Thomas (Wright State Univ); Rattan, Kuldip S. , Hybrid fuzzy logic PID controller, Source: IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, v 3, 1994, p 1682-1687
[34] Parnichkun, M. (School of Advanced Technologies, Asian Institute of Technology); Ngaecharoenkul, C. , Kinematics control of a pneumatic system by hybrid fuzzy PID, Source: Mechatronics, v 11, n 8, December, 2001, p 1001-1023
[35]苏薇，模糊PID的研究[J]，工业仪表与自动化装置，2001，No.2
[36]方千山，模糊PID控制器及其应用[J]，厦门大学学报，2001，No.8
[37]陈丽兰，模糊PID控制器结构[J]，大庆石油学院学报，2000，No.3
[38]薛定宇，基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M]，清华大学出版社，2002
[39] Lu, J. (Department of Electrical Engineering, Wayne State University); Chen, G.; Ying, H. , Predictive fuzzy PID control: Theory, design and simulation, Source: Information Sciences, v 137, n 1-4, September, 2001, p 157-187
[40]张建仁，Matlab在模糊控制系统仿真中的应用[J]，计算机应用，2002，6：53~55
[41]丁镇生，传感器及传感技术应用[M]，电子工业出版社，1998: 4～30
[42]孙传友、孙晓斌、李胜玉 等，测控电路及装置[M]，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[43]胡志高、高启安，AD7705/06及其应用[J]，电子产品世界，2000，No.10:20～24
[44]朱延钊，AD7705/AD7706原理与应用[J]，国外电子元器件，2002，No.6:59～62
[45]Analog Devices, Inc., AD420/Serial Input 16-Bit 4mA–20mA, 0mA–20mA DAC[DB/OL], 1999
[46]金春雨、陶淼 等，AD420在远程控制系统中的应用[J]，电子产品世界，2002，No.4.A:44～46
[47]黎莉、于明清、张华敏，HD7279A在单片机控制系统中的应用[J]，电子元
器件应用，2003，Vol.5，No.6:8～9
[48]郝立军、齐树兴、杨国霞，串行键盘显示控制器及其应用[J]，电子元器件应用，2003，Vol.5，No.8:42～44
[49]王福瑞 等，单片微机测控系统大全[M]，北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
[50]孙传友、孙晓斌、汉泽西 等，测控系统原理与应用[M]，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[51]熊洪允、曾少标、毛云英，应用数学基础[M]，天津大学出版社，1994