服刑人员愤怒情绪与父母—同伴依恋的相关及实验研究
摘要
易怒是服刑人员的重要人格特征，也是影响服刑人员改造质量的重要因素之一。愤怒属于一种激情状态，在这种状态下，个体意识范围缩小，理性分析能力降低，自我控制力减弱，不能对当前所面对的问题做出较全面的了解，不能正确预计自己行动的意义和后果，而做出违反纪律的事情，如打架斗殴、反抗管理等，使改造成绩受到影响。愤怒情绪的产生的原因有，不良人际关系、挫折、持续的痛苦等[1]。但是，愤怒情绪并不是有因必有果，很多情况下个体能够很好的控制自己的情绪，让自己的头脑保持清醒，尽可能收集多方面的信息，对情境做出最为合理的判断，不致做出会让他人受伤、让自己后悔的事情。据调查研究，能够在挫折情境中，保持头脑清醒不会发怒的个体具有一个共同点，那就是——能从身边的人那里获得足够的支持，而获得支持的一个必要条件就是与周围的人建立良好的依恋关系。
本研究的目的在于，调查服刑人员愤怒情绪特征与父母、同伴依恋之间的关系，并在调查结果的基础上，进一步探索依恋对象（本研究中采用的是同伴依恋）的陪伴及陪伴者与被试之间的空间距离，对不同依恋类型服刑人员的愤怒情绪产生的影响。为此，本研究共包含三个研究：研究一，用《状态—特质愤怒量表》和《IPPA》量表，对900名服刑人员进行调查，并分析服刑人员状态怒、特质怒、愤怒克制、内向怒、外向怒与父母、同伴依恋之间的关系；研究二，选取32名被试，以生物反馈仪为实验工具获取数据，以依恋类型及依恋对象的陪伴行为为自变量，陪伴者与被试之间的距离为1m，以Amplitude BVP(血容量波动振幅）为因变量，研究依恋对象的陪伴对不同依恋类型个体的愤怒产生的影响；研究三，选取32名被试，同样以生物反馈仪为研究工具获取数据，以被试依恋类型及陪伴者与被试之间的距离（0.15m、4m）为自变量，以AmplitudeBVP(血容量波动振幅）为因变量，研究陪伴者与被试之间的空间距离是否会影响其愤怒情绪。
研究结果显示如下：
1、服刑人员愤怒情绪与人口学资料之间的相关：已服刑期在3~10年的服刑人员，其状态怒和特质怒显著低于已服刑期小于3年和大于10年的服刑人员；文化水平越高的服刑人员其状态怒、特质怒及内向怒显著低于文化水平低的服刑人员，并且愤怒克制能力显著高于文化水平低的服刑人员；已婚服刑人员的特质怒高于未婚服刑人员，其愤怒克制低于未婚服刑人员；年龄小于20岁及大于50岁的服刑人员的特质怒显著高于21~30岁、31~40岁、41~50岁的服刑人员。
2、服刑人员愤怒情绪与父母-同伴依恋之间的关系：与母亲、父亲及同伴有良好的依恋关系，相互信任并经常交流的服刑人员，其状态怒、特质怒显著低于其他服刑人员，其愤怒克制能力显著高于其他服刑人员；与母亲、父亲及同伴有良好的依恋关系，相互信任，与同伴交流舒畅的服刑人员，其内向怒水平较低；与母亲、父亲及同伴关系疏远的服刑人员，其内向怒水平较高；与母亲、父亲、同伴存在良好的依恋关系，相互信任，与父亲交流舒畅的服刑人员，其外向怒水平较低；与母亲、父亲及同伴关系疏远的服刑人员，其外向怒水平较高。
3、同伴的陪伴对服刑人员愤怒情绪产生的影响（陪伴者与被试相距1m）：同伴的陪伴对服刑人员的愤怒情绪没有产生显著影响，表现为在同伴的陪伴下，服刑人员的Amplitude BVP降低。
4、陪伴者与服刑人员之间的距离对其愤怒情绪产生的影响：同伴对服刑人员愤怒情绪的影响受到二者之间的距离的影响，当同伴与服刑人员之间的空间距离为0.15m时，服刑人员的Amplitude BVP显著降低，当同伴与服刑人员之间的空间距离为4m时，服刑人员的Amplitude BVP没有显著变化。
结论：服刑人员的愤怒情绪除了与其婚姻状况、文化水平、年龄、已服刑期等人口学资料有关之外，与其与父母-同伴之间的依恋关系有显著相关，与父母、同伴有良好依恋关系，相互信任、交流的服刑人员，其状态怒、特质怒显著低于其他服刑人员，其愤怒控制能力显著高于其他服刑人员；同伴对服刑人员的愤怒情绪产生影响作用，但这种影响作用受到二者之间空间距离的影响，0.15m的空间距离利于同伴对服刑人员的愤怒情绪产生影响。
Irritability is an important personality characteristics of the inmates, but also one of theimportant factors affect the inmates transformation quality. Anger is a state of passion, in thisstate, reduce the scope of individual consciousness, rational analysis of reduced ability toself-control weakened, not to make a more comprehensive understanding of the currentproblems faced by, and can not be correctly anticipated the significance of their actions andconsequences of things that make a breach of discipline, such as fighting, resistancemanagement, so that the transformation results are affected. The causes of anger, badrelationships, frustration, continuous pain[1]. However, anger is not because there must begood many cases, individuals are able to control their emotions, their own minds to keepawake, to collect a wide range of possible information to make the most reasonable judgmentof the situation will not made to make others injured, so that the things they regret. Accordingto the survey research, in the frustration situation, to keep clear-headed and not angerindividuals have one thing in common, that is-from the people around to get enough support,while a necessary condition to obtain support and the people around to establish a goodattachment.
The purpose of this study is to survey inmates of the relationship between thecharacteristics of anger with their parents, peer attachment, on the basis of the findings andfurther explore the attachment object (used in this study is a companion attachment) toaccompany and companion spatial distance between the subjects, the impact of anger on theinmates of different attachment types. Therefore, this study contains a total of three studies:Study1, the State-Trait Anger Scale "and" IPPA "Scale of900inmates to investigate andanalyze the prisoners state anger, trait anger, anger restraint inward anger, outward anger andthe relationship between the parents, peer attachment; study2, select the32experimental toolto obtain data to the biofeedback instrument, accompanied by acts of attachment styles andattachment of the argument, companion the distance between the subjects1m, BVP, theAmplitude (blood volume fluctuation amplitude) as the dependent variable, research attachment accompanied by the anger of the impact of different attachment types ofindividuals; study three, select32, the same biofeedback instrument as a research tool toobtain data, to be the attachment type and the distance between the companion and (0.15m,4m) as the independent variable as the dependent variable, research companion to the BVP,the Amplitude (blood volume fluctuation amplitude) space distance between the subjects willaffect their anger.
The results show as follows:
1.The relationship between serving staff anger and demographic data: time alreadyserved in3to10years of serving officers, its state anger and trait anger was significantlylower than the time already served less than three years and more than10years of servingpersonnel; anger the higher the educational level of inmates of state anger, trait anger andwithin significantly less than the low literacy levels of inmates, and anger restraint inmateswere significantly higher than the low levels of literacy; married inmates trait anger thanunmarried inmates, their anger restraint are lower than the unmarried inmates; younger than20years of age and older than50inmates trait anger was significantly higher than21to30years,31to40years old,41to50-year-old inmates.
2.The relationship serving between staff anger with their parents-Peer Attachment:mother, father and companion good attachment relationship, mutual trust and regularexchange of prisoners, state anger, trait anger was significantly lower than that of otherinmates, their anger restraint was significantly higher than other inmates; good attachmentrelationship with mother, father and companion, mutual trust, and comfortable companionsexchange prisoners, their inward anger level is low; estranged relationship with mothers,fathers and fellow inmates its inward anger levels high; there is a good attachmentrelationship with mother, father, companion, mutual trust, and his father a comfortableexchange of prisoners, their outward anger level is low; estranged inmates with mothers,fathers and peers. Its outwards anger a high level.
3.Affect of the company of fellow inmates anger (the distance between them was1m):accompanied by fellow inmates angry mood did not produce a significant effect, performance,accompanied by fellow inmates are the Amplitude BVP, lower.
4.The distance between the companion and the prisoners of their anger generated effects:the companion by the distance between the anger of the inmates, when the spatial distancebetween the fellow inmates for0.15m, Prisoners of the Amplitude BVP, a significantreduction, when the space between fellow inmates a distance of4m, the inmates of theAmplitude BVP, no significant change.
Conclusion: In addition to demographic data of their marital status, educational level,age, having served a sentence of prisoners of anger, attachment relationship with their withtheir parents-companion was significantly correlated with parents, peers have a goodattachment relationship, mutual trust, exchange of prisoners, state anger, trait anger wassignificantly lower than other inmates, their anger control ability was significantly higher thanother inmates; fellow inmates anger, but this effect by the impact of spatial distance betweenspace0.15m distance to help fellow inmates anger impact.
本研究的目的在于，调查服刑人员愤怒情绪特征与父母、同伴依恋之间的关系，并在调查结果的基础上，进一步探索依恋对象（本研究中采用的是同伴依恋）的陪伴及陪伴者与被试之间的空间距离，对不同依恋类型服刑人员的愤怒情绪产生的影响。为此，本研究共包含三个研究：研究一，用《状态—特质愤怒量表》和《IPPA》量表，对900名服刑人员进行调查，并分析服刑人员状态怒、特质怒、愤怒克制、内向怒、外向怒与父母、同伴依恋之间的关系；研究二，选取32名被试，以生物反馈仪为实验工具获取数据，以依恋类型及依恋对象的陪伴行为为自变量，陪伴者与被试之间的距离为1m，以Amplitude BVP(血容量波动振幅）为因变量，研究依恋对象的陪伴对不同依恋类型个体的愤怒产生的影响；研究三，选取32名被试，同样以生物反馈仪为研究工具获取数据，以被试依恋类型及陪伴者与被试之间的距离（0.15m、4m）为自变量，以AmplitudeBVP(血容量波动振幅）为因变量，研究陪伴者与被试之间的空间距离是否会影响其愤怒情绪。
研究结果显示如下：
1、服刑人员愤怒情绪与人口学资料之间的相关：已服刑期在3~10年的服刑人员，其状态怒和特质怒显著低于已服刑期小于3年和大于10年的服刑人员；文化水平越高的服刑人员其状态怒、特质怒及内向怒显著低于文化水平低的服刑人员，并且愤怒克制能力显著高于文化水平低的服刑人员；已婚服刑人员的特质怒高于未婚服刑人员，其愤怒克制低于未婚服刑人员；年龄小于20岁及大于50岁的服刑人员的特质怒显著高于21~30岁、31~40岁、41~50岁的服刑人员。
2、服刑人员愤怒情绪与父母-同伴依恋之间的关系：与母亲、父亲及同伴有良好的依恋关系，相互信任并经常交流的服刑人员，其状态怒、特质怒显著低于其他服刑人员，其愤怒克制能力显著高于其他服刑人员；与母亲、父亲及同伴有良好的依恋关系，相互信任，与同伴交流舒畅的服刑人员，其内向怒水平较低；与母亲、父亲及同伴关系疏远的服刑人员，其内向怒水平较高；与母亲、父亲、同伴存在良好的依恋关系，相互信任，与父亲交流舒畅的服刑人员，其外向怒水平较低；与母亲、父亲及同伴关系疏远的服刑人员，其外向怒水平较高。
3、同伴的陪伴对服刑人员愤怒情绪产生的影响（陪伴者与被试相距1m）：同伴的陪伴对服刑人员的愤怒情绪没有产生显著影响，表现为在同伴的陪伴下，服刑人员的Amplitude BVP降低。
4、陪伴者与服刑人员之间的距离对其愤怒情绪产生的影响：同伴对服刑人员愤怒情绪的影响受到二者之间的距离的影响，当同伴与服刑人员之间的空间距离为0.15m时，服刑人员的Amplitude BVP显著降低，当同伴与服刑人员之间的空间距离为4m时，服刑人员的Amplitude BVP没有显著变化。
结论：服刑人员的愤怒情绪除了与其婚姻状况、文化水平、年龄、已服刑期等人口学资料有关之外，与其与父母-同伴之间的依恋关系有显著相关，与父母、同伴有良好依恋关系，相互信任、交流的服刑人员，其状态怒、特质怒显著低于其他服刑人员，其愤怒控制能力显著高于其他服刑人员；同伴对服刑人员的愤怒情绪产生影响作用，但这种影响作用受到二者之间空间距离的影响，0.15m的空间距离利于同伴对服刑人员的愤怒情绪产生影响。
Irritability is an important personality characteristics of the inmates, but also one of theimportant factors affect the inmates transformation quality. Anger is a state of passion, in thisstate, reduce the scope of individual consciousness, rational analysis of reduced ability toself-control weakened, not to make a more comprehensive understanding of the currentproblems faced by, and can not be correctly anticipated the significance of their actions andconsequences of things that make a breach of discipline, such as fighting, resistancemanagement, so that the transformation results are affected. The causes of anger, badrelationships, frustration, continuous pain[1]. However, anger is not because there must begood many cases, individuals are able to control their emotions, their own minds to keepawake, to collect a wide range of possible information to make the most reasonable judgmentof the situation will not made to make others injured, so that the things they regret. Accordingto the survey research, in the frustration situation, to keep clear-headed and not angerindividuals have one thing in common, that is-from the people around to get enough support,while a necessary condition to obtain support and the people around to establish a goodattachment.
The purpose of this study is to survey inmates of the relationship between thecharacteristics of anger with their parents, peer attachment, on the basis of the findings andfurther explore the attachment object (used in this study is a companion attachment) toaccompany and companion spatial distance between the subjects, the impact of anger on theinmates of different attachment types. Therefore, this study contains a total of three studies:Study1, the State-Trait Anger Scale "and" IPPA "Scale of900inmates to investigate andanalyze the prisoners state anger, trait anger, anger restraint inward anger, outward anger andthe relationship between the parents, peer attachment; study2, select the32experimental toolto obtain data to the biofeedback instrument, accompanied by acts of attachment styles andattachment of the argument, companion the distance between the subjects1m, BVP, theAmplitude (blood volume fluctuation amplitude) as the dependent variable, research attachment accompanied by the anger of the impact of different attachment types ofindividuals; study three, select32, the same biofeedback instrument as a research tool toobtain data, to be the attachment type and the distance between the companion and (0.15m,4m) as the independent variable as the dependent variable, research companion to the BVP,the Amplitude (blood volume fluctuation amplitude) space distance between the subjects willaffect their anger.
The results show as follows:
1.The relationship between serving staff anger and demographic data: time alreadyserved in3to10years of serving officers, its state anger and trait anger was significantlylower than the time already served less than three years and more than10years of servingpersonnel; anger the higher the educational level of inmates of state anger, trait anger andwithin significantly less than the low literacy levels of inmates, and anger restraint inmateswere significantly higher than the low levels of literacy; married inmates trait anger thanunmarried inmates, their anger restraint are lower than the unmarried inmates; younger than20years of age and older than50inmates trait anger was significantly higher than21to30years,31to40years old,41to50-year-old inmates.
2.The relationship serving between staff anger with their parents-Peer Attachment:mother, father and companion good attachment relationship, mutual trust and regularexchange of prisoners, state anger, trait anger was significantly lower than that of otherinmates, their anger restraint was significantly higher than other inmates; good attachmentrelationship with mother, father and companion, mutual trust, and comfortable companionsexchange prisoners, their inward anger level is low; estranged relationship with mothers,fathers and fellow inmates its inward anger levels high; there is a good attachmentrelationship with mother, father, companion, mutual trust, and his father a comfortableexchange of prisoners, their outward anger level is low; estranged inmates with mothers,fathers and peers. Its outwards anger a high level.
3.Affect of the company of fellow inmates anger (the distance between them was1m):accompanied by fellow inmates angry mood did not produce a significant effect, performance,accompanied by fellow inmates are the Amplitude BVP, lower.
4.The distance between the companion and the prisoners of their anger generated effects:the companion by the distance between the anger of the inmates, when the spatial distancebetween the fellow inmates for0.15m, Prisoners of the Amplitude BVP, a significantreduction, when the space between fellow inmates a distance of4m, the inmates of theAmplitude BVP, no significant change.
Conclusion: In addition to demographic data of their marital status, educational level,age, having served a sentence of prisoners of anger, attachment relationship with their withtheir parents-companion was significantly correlated with parents, peers have a goodattachment relationship, mutual trust, exchange of prisoners, state anger, trait anger wassignificantly lower than other inmates, their anger control ability was significantly higher thanother inmates; fellow inmates anger, but this effect by the impact of spatial distance betweenspace0.15m distance to help fellow inmates anger impact.
引文
[1]、[15]、[18].孟昭兰.情绪心理学[M].北京：北京大学出版社.2005年版第160页.
[2].李路荣.服刑人员心理问题及其心理矫治[J].中国健康心理学杂志.2008,16(4):446-447;
[3]、[14].樊琪.1557例违法犯罪者的人格研究[J].心理科学.2000,23(1):55-58.
[4].丁小明.高中生诱发愤怒与攻击行为的关系[D].辽宁师范大学优秀硕士论文.2011:30-33.
[5]、[29]、[38].Lisa M. Diamond.Attachment style, current relationship security, andnegative emotions: The mediating role of physiological regulation.Journal of Social andPersonal Relationships[J].2005,22(4):499-518.
[6].王小妍.成年期的依恋与探索[J].心理学探新.2008(1):82-87.
[7].肖君政.成人依恋理论的研究[J].中国行为医学科学.2006,9(15):859-860;
[8]、[35].何艳萍.服刑人员监狱化人格问卷的编制及其团体干预效果研究[D].漳州师范学院优秀硕士论文.2010,6,8:6-10；
[9].卢红.重建情绪与人格心理学[M].武汉：暨南大学出版社.2008年版第62-63页.
[10]、[27].Mario Mikulincer.Adult Attachment Style and IndividualDifferences in Functional Versus Dysfunctional Experiences of Anger[J].Journalof Personality and Social Psychology [J].1998,74(2)：513-524.
[11]、[37].林崇德.发展心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社.2006年版第186-190页.
[12].朱新秤.监狱环境的心理负效应——斯坦福监狱实验的启示[J].政法学刊.2001,8(4):68-71.
[13].许燕春.服刑罪犯心理健康状况调查分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志.2007,15(1):92-93.
[16].栾清明.在监罪犯心理状态和个性研究[J].中国现代医生.2008,1(1):53.
[17].Sabine.Emotion in Criminal Offenders with Psychopathy and BorderlinePeisonality Disorder.Arth Gen Psychiatry[J].2001,58:737-745.
[19].周涛.论对服刑人员的挫折教育[J].辽宁警专学报.2008,7(4):86-89.
[20].王小妍.成年期的依恋与探索[J].心理学探新.2008,1(28):82-87.
[21].Feeney B C.A secure base: Responsive support of goal strivingsand exploration inadult intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology [J].2004,87:631–648.
[22].Karin GrossmannThe Impact of Attachment to Mother and Father and SensitiveSupport of Eploration at an Early Age on Children's Psychosocial Development throughYoung Adulthood.Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development[J].2009:1-8.
[23].Sstephanie. Attachment to Parents,Best Friend, and Romantic Partner: PredictingDifferent Pathways to Depression in Adolescence[J].Journal of Youth andAdolescence.2005,6(34):637-650.
[24].周春燕.成人依恋表征与婚恋依恋[J].心理科学进展2004，12(2)：215-222；
[25].王金奎.大学生成人依恋的调查及与情绪调节、人际关系困扰的关系研究[D].苏州大学优秀硕士毕业论文.2007,5,11:21-30.
[26].Joseph P. A Secure Base in Adolescence:Markers of Attachment Securityin the Mother-Adolescent Relationship.Child Development[J].2003,2(74):292-307；
[27].张秋凌.亲子依恋与青少年犯罪行为、心理适应的关系(综述)[J].中国心理卫生杂志.2005,19(7):483-485.
[28].Arne hman. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass.Journal of Experimental Paychology[J].2001,(130):466-478.
[31].马海鹰.罪犯人格特征的研究进展[J].中国健康心理学杂志.2005,13(3):227-229.
[32]、[39].陈洁.对说谎时人际距离变化的初步研究[A];第十届全国心理学学术大会论文摘要集[C];2005年.
[33].刘宁.愤怒自评量表的编制[D].华中师范大学优秀硕士论文.2008,5:7-24.
[34].张迎黎.修订版青少年依恋问卷中文版在初中生中应用的信效度[J].心理卫生评估.2011,25(1):66-70.
[40].朱华军.浙江省某重刑犯监狱新入狱服刑人员适应性调查报告[J].中国监狱学刊.2009(6):93-96.
[41].陈翠.大学生愤怒情绪特质与心理健康的关系及其干预研究[D].山东大学优秀硕士论文.2010,5:17-25.
[2].李路荣.服刑人员心理问题及其心理矫治[J].中国健康心理学杂志.2008,16(4):446-447;
[3]、[14].樊琪.1557例违法犯罪者的人格研究[J].心理科学.2000,23(1):55-58.
[4].丁小明.高中生诱发愤怒与攻击行为的关系[D].辽宁师范大学优秀硕士论文.2011:30-33.
[5]、[29]、[38].Lisa M. Diamond.Attachment style, current relationship security, andnegative emotions: The mediating role of physiological regulation.Journal of Social andPersonal Relationships[J].2005,22(4):499-518.
[6].王小妍.成年期的依恋与探索[J].心理学探新.2008(1):82-87.
[7].肖君政.成人依恋理论的研究[J].中国行为医学科学.2006,9(15):859-860;
[8]、[35].何艳萍.服刑人员监狱化人格问卷的编制及其团体干预效果研究[D].漳州师范学院优秀硕士论文.2010,6,8:6-10；
[9].卢红.重建情绪与人格心理学[M].武汉：暨南大学出版社.2008年版第62-63页.
[10]、[27].Mario Mikulincer.Adult Attachment Style and IndividualDifferences in Functional Versus Dysfunctional Experiences of Anger[J].Journalof Personality and Social Psychology [J].1998,74(2)：513-524.
[11]、[37].林崇德.发展心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社.2006年版第186-190页.
[12].朱新秤.监狱环境的心理负效应——斯坦福监狱实验的启示[J].政法学刊.2001,8(4):68-71.
[13].许燕春.服刑罪犯心理健康状况调查分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志.2007,15(1):92-93.
[16].栾清明.在监罪犯心理状态和个性研究[J].中国现代医生.2008,1(1):53.
[17].Sabine.Emotion in Criminal Offenders with Psychopathy and BorderlinePeisonality Disorder.Arth Gen Psychiatry[J].2001,58:737-745.
[19].周涛.论对服刑人员的挫折教育[J].辽宁警专学报.2008,7(4):86-89.
[20].王小妍.成年期的依恋与探索[J].心理学探新.2008,1(28):82-87.
[21].Feeney B C.A secure base: Responsive support of goal strivingsand exploration inadult intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology [J].2004,87:631–648.
[22].Karin GrossmannThe Impact of Attachment to Mother and Father and SensitiveSupport of Eploration at an Early Age on Children's Psychosocial Development throughYoung Adulthood.Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development[J].2009:1-8.
[23].Sstephanie. Attachment to Parents,Best Friend, and Romantic Partner: PredictingDifferent Pathways to Depression in Adolescence[J].Journal of Youth andAdolescence.2005,6(34):637-650.
[24].周春燕.成人依恋表征与婚恋依恋[J].心理科学进展2004，12(2)：215-222；
[25].王金奎.大学生成人依恋的调查及与情绪调节、人际关系困扰的关系研究[D].苏州大学优秀硕士毕业论文.2007,5,11:21-30.
[26].Joseph P. A Secure Base in Adolescence:Markers of Attachment Securityin the Mother-Adolescent Relationship.Child Development[J].2003,2(74):292-307；
[27].张秋凌.亲子依恋与青少年犯罪行为、心理适应的关系(综述)[J].中国心理卫生杂志.2005,19(7):483-485.
[28].Arne hman. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass.Journal of Experimental Paychology[J].2001,(130):466-478.
[31].马海鹰.罪犯人格特征的研究进展[J].中国健康心理学杂志.2005,13(3):227-229.
[32]、[39].陈洁.对说谎时人际距离变化的初步研究[A];第十届全国心理学学术大会论文摘要集[C];2005年.
[33].刘宁.愤怒自评量表的编制[D].华中师范大学优秀硕士论文.2008,5:7-24.
[34].张迎黎.修订版青少年依恋问卷中文版在初中生中应用的信效度[J].心理卫生评估.2011,25(1):66-70.
[40].朱华军.浙江省某重刑犯监狱新入狱服刑人员适应性调查报告[J].中国监狱学刊.2009(6):93-96.
[41].陈翠.大学生愤怒情绪特质与心理健康的关系及其干预研究[D].山东大学优秀硕士论文.2010,5:17-25.