组织文化分析方法及应用研究
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摘要
组织文化联系组织行为和技术创新等组织绩效，是组织科学中的重要概念，涉及组织层面、文化层次、研究方法和哲学思想等方面，其中组织文化分析方法对组织文化研究有重要的理论和实践意义，也是组织文化研究的一个重要领域。本文在讨论组织文化分析方法现状和不足的基础上，围绕定性分析方法、定量测量方法、统计模型方法和数理模型方法及应用进行了重点研究，主要研究内容和结论如下。
首先，讨论组织文化定性分析方法及其应用。新兴技术行业竞争异常激烈，市场呈现“赢者通吃”局面，对新兴技术企业文化管理提出了更高的要求，因此选择新兴技术企业文化管理作为组织文化定性分析方法应用的平台，基于组织层次模型和组织文化动态模型构建了组织文化创新机制概念模型，结合新兴技术产业特点，通过归纳推演、案例分析等方法，给出新兴技术企业文化特征和文化创新方式，并说明定性分析方法的内容和特点。
接着，介绍组织文化定量测量方法，归纳出组织文化定量测量分析框架。主成分抽取数量确定方法是组织文化定量测量分析框架中的重要一环，回顾现有确定方法的特点和不足，提出了基于原始样本数据和再抽样样本数据联立解确定主成分抽取数量的启发式R-R方法；应用定量测量分析框架及R-R方法，对一酒店文化进行了定量测量实例应用，验证了组织文化定量测量分析框架及R-R方法的有效性，并得出了酒店基层员工文化分布状态。
随后，研究组织文化一致性单元确定方法和组织文化维度集结计量方法。基于组织文化“共享群体概念”的计量属性，要求组织文化概念的理论层面和统计层面相一致，提出了基于个体问卷确定组织文化一致性单元的Pseudo-F统计方法。考虑组织文化问卷调查过程中答卷人员评分主观性导致组织文化维度集结计量的不确定性，提出通过Choquet模糊积分来集结中间变量值，并采用Yager模糊熵来表示测度模糊性的集结方法；并分别应用于实例研究中进行说明和验证。
最后，研究数理模型方法的应用问题。建立了组织文化认同人数的Logistic方程，首先推导出组织文化学习速度模型，结合组织文化学习理论，构建了组织文化学习阶段概念模型及进行了案例验证；其次推导出组织文化与组织制度的交互模型，通过模型参数描述组织文化状态及其所支持的制度创新方式，讨论了模型参数的实证估算方法及一般表示式。通过两个模型来说明数理模型方法及其与定性分析、定量测量方法等的综合应用。
Organizational culture has a great impact on organizational behavior and organizational performance. Research methods on organizational culture have made important theoretic and practical contributions on the research on organizational culture.
By analyzing and discussing the current situation and the existing problems in research methods of organizational culture, this dissertation conducts a systematic study on the methods and applications of qualitative research, quantitative measurement, statisctics model and mathematical model.
First, this dissertation introduces the qualitative research method on organizational culture; builds a conceptual model of organizational culture's innovation mechanism based on Schein three layer model and Hatch dynamic model of organizational culture; analyzes the cultural characteristics and culture's innovation pattern of emerging technology enterprises through a qualitative perspective.
Secondly, by presenting the quantitative research method, this dissertation works out a four-stage analysis framework for the quantitative measurement of organizational culture, reviews the method of detaining the obtained prinicipal factor numbers, and proposes the R-R method based on the Raw sample data and the Resample data. An empirical study on the quantitative measurement of a hotel's culture verifies the validities of the analysis framework and R-R Method, and gets the cultural distribution status of hotel bottom-line staff.
And then, this dissertation discusses the method of determing the organizational culture consensus unit and the aggregation operator based on the consensus unit. Due to collective construct's psychometric attribute of organizational culture, this dissertation proposes a statistical method for determining the organizational culture consensus unit based on individual survey data. Due to the uncertainty about the organizational culture quantitative measurement caused by the subjectivity of respondents' answers, this dissertation proposes a new aggregation method which aggregates the intermediate variables through the discrete Choquet fuzzy integrals and adopts Yager fuzzy entropies to measure the uncertainties of these intermediate variables. The applications on the hotel case present and verify the two methods.
Finally, this dissertation discusses the mathematical model method, demonstrates the mathematical model method and the mix methods integrating the qualitative analysis, quantitative measurement and mathematical model through two particular applications. One application is that building the organizational culture learning speed model, constructing the organizational culture learning-stage conceptual model, another is that budling the interaction model of organizational culture and organization institution, and studying the model parameter's function expression and the empirical estimation method.
首先，讨论组织文化定性分析方法及其应用。新兴技术行业竞争异常激烈，市场呈现“赢者通吃”局面，对新兴技术企业文化管理提出了更高的要求，因此选择新兴技术企业文化管理作为组织文化定性分析方法应用的平台，基于组织层次模型和组织文化动态模型构建了组织文化创新机制概念模型，结合新兴技术产业特点，通过归纳推演、案例分析等方法，给出新兴技术企业文化特征和文化创新方式，并说明定性分析方法的内容和特点。
接着，介绍组织文化定量测量方法，归纳出组织文化定量测量分析框架。主成分抽取数量确定方法是组织文化定量测量分析框架中的重要一环，回顾现有确定方法的特点和不足，提出了基于原始样本数据和再抽样样本数据联立解确定主成分抽取数量的启发式R-R方法；应用定量测量分析框架及R-R方法，对一酒店文化进行了定量测量实例应用，验证了组织文化定量测量分析框架及R-R方法的有效性，并得出了酒店基层员工文化分布状态。
随后，研究组织文化一致性单元确定方法和组织文化维度集结计量方法。基于组织文化“共享群体概念”的计量属性，要求组织文化概念的理论层面和统计层面相一致，提出了基于个体问卷确定组织文化一致性单元的Pseudo-F统计方法。考虑组织文化问卷调查过程中答卷人员评分主观性导致组织文化维度集结计量的不确定性，提出通过Choquet模糊积分来集结中间变量值，并采用Yager模糊熵来表示测度模糊性的集结方法；并分别应用于实例研究中进行说明和验证。
最后，研究数理模型方法的应用问题。建立了组织文化认同人数的Logistic方程，首先推导出组织文化学习速度模型，结合组织文化学习理论，构建了组织文化学习阶段概念模型及进行了案例验证；其次推导出组织文化与组织制度的交互模型，通过模型参数描述组织文化状态及其所支持的制度创新方式，讨论了模型参数的实证估算方法及一般表示式。通过两个模型来说明数理模型方法及其与定性分析、定量测量方法等的综合应用。
Organizational culture has a great impact on organizational behavior and organizational performance. Research methods on organizational culture have made important theoretic and practical contributions on the research on organizational culture.
By analyzing and discussing the current situation and the existing problems in research methods of organizational culture, this dissertation conducts a systematic study on the methods and applications of qualitative research, quantitative measurement, statisctics model and mathematical model.
First, this dissertation introduces the qualitative research method on organizational culture; builds a conceptual model of organizational culture's innovation mechanism based on Schein three layer model and Hatch dynamic model of organizational culture; analyzes the cultural characteristics and culture's innovation pattern of emerging technology enterprises through a qualitative perspective.
Secondly, by presenting the quantitative research method, this dissertation works out a four-stage analysis framework for the quantitative measurement of organizational culture, reviews the method of detaining the obtained prinicipal factor numbers, and proposes the R-R method based on the Raw sample data and the Resample data. An empirical study on the quantitative measurement of a hotel's culture verifies the validities of the analysis framework and R-R Method, and gets the cultural distribution status of hotel bottom-line staff.
And then, this dissertation discusses the method of determing the organizational culture consensus unit and the aggregation operator based on the consensus unit. Due to collective construct's psychometric attribute of organizational culture, this dissertation proposes a statistical method for determining the organizational culture consensus unit based on individual survey data. Due to the uncertainty about the organizational culture quantitative measurement caused by the subjectivity of respondents' answers, this dissertation proposes a new aggregation method which aggregates the intermediate variables through the discrete Choquet fuzzy integrals and adopts Yager fuzzy entropies to measure the uncertainties of these intermediate variables. The applications on the hotel case present and verify the two methods.
Finally, this dissertation discusses the mathematical model method, demonstrates the mathematical model method and the mix methods integrating the qualitative analysis, quantitative measurement and mathematical model through two particular applications. One application is that building the organizational culture learning speed model, constructing the organizational culture learning-stage conceptual model, another is that budling the interaction model of organizational culture and organization institution, and studying the model parameter's function expression and the empirical estimation method.
引文
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