稠油注蒸汽过程中溶剂体系提高采收率的研究
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摘要
特超稠油具有粘度高、启动压力高、渗流能力差的特性,如何经济高效地开发特超稠油是胜利油田新区开发亟待解决的问题。注蒸汽热采是开采稠油最有效的方法,但对于特超稠油油藏来说,仅靠单纯注蒸汽热采难以取得良好的效果。
如果在注蒸汽的同时,注入溶剂来溶解或分散原油中的胶质、沥青质,可以降低原油粘度,增加原油流动性,从而降低注汽的启动压力。本论文在国内外文献调研的基础上,通过室内实验进行了稠油注蒸汽过程中溶剂体系提高采收率的研究。
室内实验结果表明,研制出的稠油分散洗油降粘溶剂体系具有溶解沥青质作用强,降粘效果好,在原油中分散性好的特点。对70000mPa·s的原油,溶剂加入量5%时,降粘率可达68.86%,溶剂加入量10%时,降粘率可达89.39%。
从物模驱油效果上来看,蒸汽+溶剂可以大幅度提高热采驱替效率,增加初期产量,降低驱替压差,从而降低注汽压力,提高注汽开发效果。蒸汽+溶剂驱的驱替效率是单纯蒸汽驱的3倍,而驱替启动压差为原来1/3。
High viscosity, high threshold pressure and poor flow ability are the main characteristic of Extra-heavy oil. The waiting for resolving problem is how to economically and high efficiency exploit Extra-heavy oil in Shengli oil field. Steam injection is the effective technology to produce heavy oil. However, it is difficult to obtain good results only with steam injection for the Extra-heavy oil reservoir.
If the solvent is added with steam, the solvent can spread in the oil zone and dissolve asphaltene and resin, thereby decrease oil viscosity, increase the oil mobility, decrease threshold pressure and attain to the required demand of steam injection program. On the base of the investigation of inland and abroad, the paper make a study of solvent at the meantime steam injection in enhanced oil recovery according to laboratory experiments.
Based on the experiments, the disperse washing oil visbreaking solvent system was developed. It has the behavior of strong effect of dissolving the asphaltene and resin, good effect to reducing the viscosity and good disperse in oil. If add 5 percent solvent to the oil, the viscosity reducing ratio is 68.86%; if add 10 percent solvent to the oil, the viscosity reducing ratio is 89.39%.
Based on the displacement characteristics in physical modeling, solvent with steam injection can obviously enhanced displacement efficiency, increase initial production and decrease displacement pressure, thereby decrease steam injection pressure and increase exploitation emotion of steam injection. The displacement efficiency of solvent with steam injection is three times that of pure steam injection. The initial displacement pressure of solvent with steam injection is only one percent three that of pure steam injection.
如果在注蒸汽的同时,注入溶剂来溶解或分散原油中的胶质、沥青质,可以降低原油粘度,增加原油流动性,从而降低注汽的启动压力。本论文在国内外文献调研的基础上,通过室内实验进行了稠油注蒸汽过程中溶剂体系提高采收率的研究。
室内实验结果表明,研制出的稠油分散洗油降粘溶剂体系具有溶解沥青质作用强,降粘效果好,在原油中分散性好的特点。对70000mPa·s的原油,溶剂加入量5%时,降粘率可达68.86%,溶剂加入量10%时,降粘率可达89.39%。
从物模驱油效果上来看,蒸汽+溶剂可以大幅度提高热采驱替效率,增加初期产量,降低驱替压差,从而降低注汽压力,提高注汽开发效果。蒸汽+溶剂驱的驱替效率是单纯蒸汽驱的3倍,而驱替启动压差为原来1/3。
High viscosity, high threshold pressure and poor flow ability are the main characteristic of Extra-heavy oil. The waiting for resolving problem is how to economically and high efficiency exploit Extra-heavy oil in Shengli oil field. Steam injection is the effective technology to produce heavy oil. However, it is difficult to obtain good results only with steam injection for the Extra-heavy oil reservoir.
If the solvent is added with steam, the solvent can spread in the oil zone and dissolve asphaltene and resin, thereby decrease oil viscosity, increase the oil mobility, decrease threshold pressure and attain to the required demand of steam injection program. On the base of the investigation of inland and abroad, the paper make a study of solvent at the meantime steam injection in enhanced oil recovery according to laboratory experiments.
Based on the experiments, the disperse washing oil visbreaking solvent system was developed. It has the behavior of strong effect of dissolving the asphaltene and resin, good effect to reducing the viscosity and good disperse in oil. If add 5 percent solvent to the oil, the viscosity reducing ratio is 68.86%; if add 10 percent solvent to the oil, the viscosity reducing ratio is 89.39%.
Based on the displacement characteristics in physical modeling, solvent with steam injection can obviously enhanced displacement efficiency, increase initial production and decrease displacement pressure, thereby decrease steam injection pressure and increase exploitation emotion of steam injection. The displacement efficiency of solvent with steam injection is three times that of pure steam injection. The initial displacement pressure of solvent with steam injection is only one percent three that of pure steam injection.
引文
[1] 于连东.世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望.特种油气藏,2001;8(2):98～104
[2] 刘文章.稠油注蒸汽热采技术.石油工业出版社,1997
[3] 阳鑫军.稠油开采技术.海洋石油,2003;23(2):55～60
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[7] Ferguson,Mamora,Goite. Steam-Propane Injection for Production Enhancement of Heavy Morichal Oil. SPE 69689, 2001:1～10
[8] Sedaee Sola,behnam,Rashidi. Experimental Investigation of Steam/Methane Flooding in a Heavy Oil Reservoir. SPE 91968,2004:1～6
[9] Khelifa Talbi,Brij. Evaluation of CO2 Based Vapex Process for the Recovery of Bitumen form Tar Sand Reservoirs. SPE 84868,2003:1～9
[10] Bagci A.S.,Gumrah F. Effects of CO2 and CH4 Addition to Steam on Recovery of West Kozluca Heavy Oil. SPE 86953 ,2004:1～13
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[12] H.K.Sarma , K.Ohno.A Laboratory Investigation of the Effectiveness of Steamflood Additives in Recovering Viscous Heavy Oil.SPE 35397, 1996:533-542
[13] W.R.Shu,K.J.Hartman. Effect of Solvent on Steam Recovery of Heavy Oil. SPE 14223,1988:457～465
[14] Farouq Ali,S.M.and Snyder,S.G.Miscible Thermal Methods Applied to a Two-dimensional Vertical Tar Sand Pack with Restricted Fluid Entry.J.Cdn.Pet.Tech.1973:20～26
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[20] R.W.King, L.zhao. Steam and Solvent Coninjection Text: Fluid Property Characterization. SPE 97842, 2005:1～18
[21] L.Zhao. Steam Alternating Solvent Process. SPE 86957, 2004:1～13
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[29] 钱锦棠.石油分散系统理论国内外现状.浙江师大学报(自然科学版),2001;24(2):169～173
[30] 曹寅.核磁共振氢波谱法研究石油沥青质结构.地质实验室,1991;7(2):100～104
[31] 朱军、郭绍辉、李术元.钌离子催化氧化研究石油沥青质芳香环系结构特征.燃料化学学报,2002;30(5): 433～437
[32] 陆善祥.核磁共振谱法估计重油和沥青中芳环分布.华东理工大学学报,1994;20(4):501～506
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[35] 董喜贵、雷群芳、俞庆森.石油沥青质的 NMR 测定及其模型分子推测. 燃料化学学报,2004;32(6):668～672
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[37] Sheu E Y,Mullins O C.1995.Asphaltenes:Fundamentals and Applications Plenum Press NY
[38] Maruska H P,Rao B M.1987.The role of polar species in the aggregation of asphaltenes. Fuel Science Technology.5(20):119～168
[39] Murgich J,Abanero A,Strausz O P.1999.Molecular recognition in aggregates formed by asphaltene and resin molecules from the Athabasca oil sand.Energy Fuels 13:278～286
[40] Rogel E.2000.Simulation of interactions in asphaltene aggregates. Energy Fuels 14:566～574
[41] Yen T F.1974.Structure of petroleum asphaltene and its significance. Energy Sources 1:102～104
[42] Yen T F.1994.Miltiple Structural orders of asphaltenes. In: Asphaltenes and Asphalts I.Elservier Science B V 111～123
[43] Watson B A,Barteau M A.1994.Imaging petroleum asphaltences using scanning tunneling microscopy.Ind.Eng.Chen.Res.33:2358
[44] Zajac G W,Sethi N K,Joseph J T.1998.Maya petroleum asphaltene imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy. Preprints Div. Fuel Chem.,ACS,423～426
[45] Harvey W.Yarranton,Hussein Alboudwarej,Rajesh Jakher. Investigation of Asphaltene Association with Vapor Pressure Osmometry and Interfacial Tension Measurements. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.2000,39,2916～2924
[46] 樊西惊.石油胶态分散体的稳定性.油田化学,1999;16(1):72～76
[47] Sheu E Y,Storm D A. Colloidal properties of asphaltences in organic solvents. In: Asphaltenes: Fundamentals and Applications Plenum Press NY.1995: 1～52
[48] Rasssamdana H,Sahimi M.1996b.Asphalt flocculation and deposition: Formation and growth of fractal aggregates. AIChE J.42:3318～3332
[49] E.Rogel. Thermodynamic Modeling of Asphaltene Aggregation. Langmuir 2004,20,1003～1012
[50] Yan Zhang,Toshimasa Takanohashi,Sinya Sato. Dissolution and Dilution of Asphaltenes in Organic Solvents. Energy Fules 2003,17,101～106
[51] 丁福臣. 石油沥青质胶体分散特性的研究. 石油化工高等学校学报,2001;14(3):7～10
[52] 丁福臣. 石油沥青质胶态粒子宏观结构尺寸的研究. 石油化工高等学校学报,2001;14(2):31～34
[53] 董喜贵、雷群芳、俞庆森. 石油沥青质的热解动力学研究.浙江大学学报,2004;31(6): 652～656
[54] 廖泽文、耿安松.沥青质热解动力学研究及其应用初探.自然科学进展,2000;10(2):183～189
[55] 张庆轩、杨国华、杨普江等. 石油沥青质在烃中的稳定性研究.化学研究与应用,2001;13(1):73～75
[56] Subhash C.Ayirala,Dandina N.Rao. Application of a New Mechanistic Parachor Model to Predict Dynamic Gas-Oil Miscibility in Reservoir Crude Oil-Solvent Systems. SPE 91920, 2004:1～11
[57] Shedid A.Shedid, Saad R.Attallah. Influences of Ultrasonic Radiation on Asphaltene Behavior With and Without Solvent Effrcts. SPE 86473,2004:1～14
[58] D.Salama ,A.Kantzas. Monitoring of Diffusion of Heavy Oils With Hydrocarbon Solvents in the Presence of Sand. SPE 97855, 2005:1～10
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[2] 刘文章.稠油注蒸汽热采技术.石油工业出版社,1997
[3] 阳鑫军.稠油开采技术.海洋石油,2003;23(2):55～60
[4] 黄立信,田根林,童正新.化学吞吐开采稠油实验研究.特种油气藏,1996;(1):44～49.
[5] 李牧,杨红.化学吞吐开采稠油技术研究.油田化学,1997;(4):340～344
[6] 刘文章.特稠油、超稠油油藏热采开发模式综述.特种油气藏,1998;(3):1～7
[7] Ferguson,Mamora,Goite. Steam-Propane Injection for Production Enhancement of Heavy Morichal Oil. SPE 69689, 2001:1～10
[8] Sedaee Sola,behnam,Rashidi. Experimental Investigation of Steam/Methane Flooding in a Heavy Oil Reservoir. SPE 91968,2004:1～6
[9] Khelifa Talbi,Brij. Evaluation of CO2 Based Vapex Process for the Recovery of Bitumen form Tar Sand Reservoirs. SPE 84868,2003:1～9
[10] Bagci A.S.,Gumrah F. Effects of CO2 and CH4 Addition to Steam on Recovery of West Kozluca Heavy Oil. SPE 86953 ,2004:1～13
[11] T. G. HARDING,S. M. FAROUQ ALI,D. L. FLOCK. Steamflood Performance in the presence of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology. 1983:1～10
[12] H.K.Sarma , K.Ohno.A Laboratory Investigation of the Effectiveness of Steamflood Additives in Recovering Viscous Heavy Oil.SPE 35397, 1996:533-542
[13] W.R.Shu,K.J.Hartman. Effect of Solvent on Steam Recovery of Heavy Oil. SPE 14223,1988:457～465
[14] Farouq Ali,S.M.and Snyder,S.G.Miscible Thermal Methods Applied to a Two-dimensional Vertical Tar Sand Pack with Restricted Fluid Entry.J.Cdn.Pet.Tech.1973:20～26
[15] Alikhan,A.A,Farouq Ali,S.M. Heavy Oil Recovery by Steam-Driven Hydrocarbon Slugs From Linear Porous Media. SPE 5109,1974:36～40
[16] Farouq Ali,S.M,Abad,B. Bitumen Recovery From Oil Sands,Using Solvent in Coninjection with Steam.J. Cdn. Pet. Tech. 1976:80～90
[17] Redford,D.A.,Mckay,A.S. Hydrocarbon Steam Process for Recovery of Bitumen Form Oil Sands.SPE8823,1980:1～12
[18] Redford,D.A. The Use of Solvents and Gases with Steam in the Recoovery of Bitumen from Oil Sands. J. Cdn. Pet. Tech. 1982:45-53
[19] L.G.Bracho,O.A.Oquendo. Steam-Solvent Injection,Well LSJ-4057,Tia Juana Field, Western Venezeula. SPE 21530, 1991:83～94
[20] R.W.King, L.zhao. Steam and Solvent Coninjection Text: Fluid Property Characterization. SPE 97842, 2005:1～18
[21] L.Zhao. Steam Alternating Solvent Process. SPE 86957, 2004:1～13
[22] 常运兴、张新军.稠油油溶性降粘剂降粘机理研究.油气田地面工程,2006;25(4):8～9
[23] 张凤英、李建波、诸林等.稠油油溶性降粘剂研究进展.特种油气藏,2006;13(2):1～4
[24] 吴本芳、郭金波.稠油油溶性降粘剂研究进展概况.油气储运,2003;22(2):1～6
[25] 吴本芳、张敏涛.复配型特稠原油降粘剂研究.洛阳师范学院学报,2003;(2):45～49
[26] 李牧、马达波、边芳霞.冷家堡油田稠油蒸汽加溶剂吞吐试验.特种油气藏,1995;2(2): 48～53
[27] 王子军.石油沥青质的化学和物理 Ⅰ石油沥青质的定义和分离.石油沥青,1995;9(4):32～41
[28] 秦匡宗.石油沥青质.秦匡宗、郭绍辉.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:24～60
[29] 钱锦棠.石油分散系统理论国内外现状.浙江师大学报(自然科学版),2001;24(2):169～173
[30] 曹寅.核磁共振氢波谱法研究石油沥青质结构.地质实验室,1991;7(2):100～104
[31] 朱军、郭绍辉、李术元.钌离子催化氧化研究石油沥青质芳香环系结构特征.燃料化学学报,2002;30(5): 433～437
[32] 陆善祥.核磁共振谱法估计重油和沥青中芳环分布.华东理工大学学报,1994;20(4):501～506
[33] 王子军.石油沥青质的化学和物理 Ⅱ沥青质的化学组成和结构.石油沥青,1996;10(1):36～46
[34] 王子军.石油沥青质的化学和物理 Ⅲ沥青质化学结构的研究方法.石油沥青,1996;10(2):39～51
[35] 董喜贵、雷群芳、俞庆森.石油沥青质的 NMR 测定及其模型分子推测. 燃料化学学报,2004;32(6):668～672
[36] 王子军.石油沥青质的化学和物理 Ⅳ石油沥青质溶液的胶体化学.石油沥青,1996;10(3):36～51
[37] Sheu E Y,Mullins O C.1995.Asphaltenes:Fundamentals and Applications Plenum Press NY
[38] Maruska H P,Rao B M.1987.The role of polar species in the aggregation of asphaltenes. Fuel Science Technology.5(20):119～168
[39] Murgich J,Abanero A,Strausz O P.1999.Molecular recognition in aggregates formed by asphaltene and resin molecules from the Athabasca oil sand.Energy Fuels 13:278～286
[40] Rogel E.2000.Simulation of interactions in asphaltene aggregates. Energy Fuels 14:566～574
[41] Yen T F.1974.Structure of petroleum asphaltene and its significance. Energy Sources 1:102～104
[42] Yen T F.1994.Miltiple Structural orders of asphaltenes. In: Asphaltenes and Asphalts I.Elservier Science B V 111～123
[43] Watson B A,Barteau M A.1994.Imaging petroleum asphaltences using scanning tunneling microscopy.Ind.Eng.Chen.Res.33:2358
[44] Zajac G W,Sethi N K,Joseph J T.1998.Maya petroleum asphaltene imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy. Preprints Div. Fuel Chem.,ACS,423～426
[45] Harvey W.Yarranton,Hussein Alboudwarej,Rajesh Jakher. Investigation of Asphaltene Association with Vapor Pressure Osmometry and Interfacial Tension Measurements. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.2000,39,2916～2924
[46] 樊西惊.石油胶态分散体的稳定性.油田化学,1999;16(1):72～76
[47] Sheu E Y,Storm D A. Colloidal properties of asphaltences in organic solvents. In: Asphaltenes: Fundamentals and Applications Plenum Press NY.1995: 1～52
[48] Rasssamdana H,Sahimi M.1996b.Asphalt flocculation and deposition: Formation and growth of fractal aggregates. AIChE J.42:3318～3332
[49] E.Rogel. Thermodynamic Modeling of Asphaltene Aggregation. Langmuir 2004,20,1003～1012
[50] Yan Zhang,Toshimasa Takanohashi,Sinya Sato. Dissolution and Dilution of Asphaltenes in Organic Solvents. Energy Fules 2003,17,101～106
[51] 丁福臣. 石油沥青质胶体分散特性的研究. 石油化工高等学校学报,2001;14(3):7～10
[52] 丁福臣. 石油沥青质胶态粒子宏观结构尺寸的研究. 石油化工高等学校学报,2001;14(2):31～34
[53] 董喜贵、雷群芳、俞庆森. 石油沥青质的热解动力学研究.浙江大学学报,2004;31(6): 652～656
[54] 廖泽文、耿安松.沥青质热解动力学研究及其应用初探.自然科学进展,2000;10(2):183～189
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