山东产月腺大戟生药学研究
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摘要
研究目的:对山东产月腺大戟(Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.)的植物形态、生境状况、药材性状、内部构造、质量指标、化学成分等生药学内容进行系统研究,为其植物资源的开发利用与药材质量标准的制定提供基本依据。
研究方法:常规方法观察植株形态、生境状况与药材性状;显微观察组织构造和粉末特征;采用2005版《中国药典》法开展薄层色谱检查和测定水分、灰分、浸出物含量;利用有机溶剂法提取化学成分,采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20等分离、纯化,然后根据其化学成分的理化性质及NMR、MS数据等方法确定结构;挥发油成分分析,采用2005版《中国药典》法提取挥发油,通过GC-MS方法分析鉴定。
研究结果:本文通过对月腺大戟生药学的研究,总结了月腺大戟的基本特征,以及显微鉴别的主要特征:根木质部中的复合维管束、黄色分泌物的乳汁管和大量的淀粉粒。以β-谷甾醇,β-香树脂醇乙酸酯,Jolkinolide B和狼毒乙素为对照品的TLC鉴别,发现月腺大戟根提取物含有与对照品一致的薄层色谱斑点,所以显微鉴别和TLC鉴别可以作为鉴别月腺大戟的依据。通过对月腺大戟药材质量的研究,发现其安全水分含量应不超过10%,根部总灰分含量为6.58%,酸不溶灰分含量为1.90%,水、醇浸出物含量分别为23.26%、14.88%;从月腺大戟根中分离得到12个化合物,应用多种谱学方法鉴定了其中10个化合物的结构,其中2个为二萜类化合物:jolkinolide A(EE-2)和jolkinolide B(EE-3);2个三萜类化合物:β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(β-amyrin acetate,EE-1)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,EE-4)、四个苯乙酮类化合物:2,4-二羟基-3-甲醛基-6-甲氧基苯乙酮(2,4-dihydroxy-3-formyl-6-methoxy-acetophenone,EE-5)、2,4-二羟基-6-甲氧基-3-甲基苯乙酮(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl–acetophenone,EE-6)、3,3/-二乙酰基-4,4/-二甲氧基-2,2/,6,6/-四羟基二苯甲烷(3,3/-diacetyl-4,4/-dimethoxy -2,2/,6,6/-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane,EE-7)、2-羟基-6-甲氧基-3-甲基苯乙酮-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone-4-O-β-D-glucop yranoside,EE-10);一个香豆素类化合物:东莨菪素(scopoletin,EE-8)和一个有机酸酯类化合物:阿魏酸十三酯(Tridecylferulate,EE-9)。在挥发油组分中鉴定出29个化合物。
结论:月腺大戟植物形态与生境状况特点明显,药材性状与显微结构具有典型的鉴别特征,含有的化学成分结构特殊,确定了10种化合物的结构,其中有2种化合物为首次从该植物中获得,从月腺大戟根挥发油组分中鉴定出29个化合物,同时对月腺大戟药材质量进行了初步研究,从而为月腺大戟植物资源的开发利用与药材质量标准的制定,提供了充分的理论依据。
Objective: To study the pharmacognosy of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.from the plant morphology, bionomics, characteristic of the medicinal material, interior structure, quality guideline and chemical compounds, exploit and utilize the resource of the Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., provid the scientific basis for establishing the standards of quality guideline.
Methods: Adopting the routine methods to survey the plant morphology, bionomics and the characteristic of the medicinal material; and utilized the microscopical observation to study the histological structure and powder feature of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., research the TLC, ash, moisture and extraction by the methods supplied in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia; The compounds were isolated and purified by repeaded normal column chromatography and sephadex chromatography, and the structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral methods; In addition, the volatile components of the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.was carried out by the GC-MS.
Results: Through the research of the pharmacognosy of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., summarize the key character of this species and the main characteristic of microscopic identification, such as the compound vascular bundle, the yellow laticiferous tube and considerable starch grain. Take theβ-sitosterol,β-amyrin acetate,Jolkinolide B and 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone as the reference substance to determine the samples of the Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., and the same spans can be seen on the TLC charomatogram, so the anatomic structures and TLC can be used to identify Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata..By the studying of the quality guideline of the Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.,the content of security moisture do not exceed 10%, the content of total ash is 6.58%, the content of total ash which do not dissolve in the chlorhydric acid is 1.90%, the content of the aqueous extractum and alcohol extractum are respectively 23.26%,14.88%. Also, ten compounds were isolated,which were identified asβ-amyrin acetate(EE-1),jolkinolide A(EE-2),JolkinolideB(EE-3),β-sitosterol(EE-4),2,4-dihydroxy-3-formyl-6-methoxy-acetophenone(EE-5),2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl–acetophenone(EE-6),scopoletion(EE-8),3,3/-diacetyl-4,4/-dimethoxy-2,2/,6,6/-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane(EE-7),Tridecylferulate(EE-9),and2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(EE-10). In addition, twenty-nine compouds were identified.from the the volatile components of the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.by GC-MS.
Conclusion: The Euphorbia .ebracteolata Hayata. has the manifest feature of the plant morphology and bionomics, also has the the typical identification characteristics of the medicinal material and microstructure, meanwhile, it has the special structure of the chemical constituents. In this paper, ten compounds were isolated and identified, in which two compounds were isolated for the first time, and twenty-nine compouds were identified from the volatile oil. Also, study the quality of medical material of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., From the researching, enriche this species researching content, laid a foundation for further development of this species.
研究方法:常规方法观察植株形态、生境状况与药材性状;显微观察组织构造和粉末特征;采用2005版《中国药典》法开展薄层色谱检查和测定水分、灰分、浸出物含量;利用有机溶剂法提取化学成分,采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20等分离、纯化,然后根据其化学成分的理化性质及NMR、MS数据等方法确定结构;挥发油成分分析,采用2005版《中国药典》法提取挥发油,通过GC-MS方法分析鉴定。
研究结果:本文通过对月腺大戟生药学的研究,总结了月腺大戟的基本特征,以及显微鉴别的主要特征:根木质部中的复合维管束、黄色分泌物的乳汁管和大量的淀粉粒。以β-谷甾醇,β-香树脂醇乙酸酯,Jolkinolide B和狼毒乙素为对照品的TLC鉴别,发现月腺大戟根提取物含有与对照品一致的薄层色谱斑点,所以显微鉴别和TLC鉴别可以作为鉴别月腺大戟的依据。通过对月腺大戟药材质量的研究,发现其安全水分含量应不超过10%,根部总灰分含量为6.58%,酸不溶灰分含量为1.90%,水、醇浸出物含量分别为23.26%、14.88%;从月腺大戟根中分离得到12个化合物,应用多种谱学方法鉴定了其中10个化合物的结构,其中2个为二萜类化合物:jolkinolide A(EE-2)和jolkinolide B(EE-3);2个三萜类化合物:β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(β-amyrin acetate,EE-1)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,EE-4)、四个苯乙酮类化合物:2,4-二羟基-3-甲醛基-6-甲氧基苯乙酮(2,4-dihydroxy-3-formyl-6-methoxy-acetophenone,EE-5)、2,4-二羟基-6-甲氧基-3-甲基苯乙酮(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl–acetophenone,EE-6)、3,3/-二乙酰基-4,4/-二甲氧基-2,2/,6,6/-四羟基二苯甲烷(3,3/-diacetyl-4,4/-dimethoxy -2,2/,6,6/-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane,EE-7)、2-羟基-6-甲氧基-3-甲基苯乙酮-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone-4-O-β-D-glucop yranoside,EE-10);一个香豆素类化合物:东莨菪素(scopoletin,EE-8)和一个有机酸酯类化合物:阿魏酸十三酯(Tridecylferulate,EE-9)。在挥发油组分中鉴定出29个化合物。
结论:月腺大戟植物形态与生境状况特点明显,药材性状与显微结构具有典型的鉴别特征,含有的化学成分结构特殊,确定了10种化合物的结构,其中有2种化合物为首次从该植物中获得,从月腺大戟根挥发油组分中鉴定出29个化合物,同时对月腺大戟药材质量进行了初步研究,从而为月腺大戟植物资源的开发利用与药材质量标准的制定,提供了充分的理论依据。
Objective: To study the pharmacognosy of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.from the plant morphology, bionomics, characteristic of the medicinal material, interior structure, quality guideline and chemical compounds, exploit and utilize the resource of the Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., provid the scientific basis for establishing the standards of quality guideline.
Methods: Adopting the routine methods to survey the plant morphology, bionomics and the characteristic of the medicinal material; and utilized the microscopical observation to study the histological structure and powder feature of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., research the TLC, ash, moisture and extraction by the methods supplied in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia; The compounds were isolated and purified by repeaded normal column chromatography and sephadex chromatography, and the structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral methods; In addition, the volatile components of the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.was carried out by the GC-MS.
Results: Through the research of the pharmacognosy of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., summarize the key character of this species and the main characteristic of microscopic identification, such as the compound vascular bundle, the yellow laticiferous tube and considerable starch grain. Take theβ-sitosterol,β-amyrin acetate,Jolkinolide B and 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone as the reference substance to determine the samples of the Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., and the same spans can be seen on the TLC charomatogram, so the anatomic structures and TLC can be used to identify Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata..By the studying of the quality guideline of the Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.,the content of security moisture do not exceed 10%, the content of total ash is 6.58%, the content of total ash which do not dissolve in the chlorhydric acid is 1.90%, the content of the aqueous extractum and alcohol extractum are respectively 23.26%,14.88%. Also, ten compounds were isolated,which were identified asβ-amyrin acetate(EE-1),jolkinolide A(EE-2),JolkinolideB(EE-3),β-sitosterol(EE-4),2,4-dihydroxy-3-formyl-6-methoxy-acetophenone(EE-5),2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl–acetophenone(EE-6),scopoletion(EE-8),3,3/-diacetyl-4,4/-dimethoxy-2,2/,6,6/-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane(EE-7),Tridecylferulate(EE-9),and2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(EE-10). In addition, twenty-nine compouds were identified.from the the volatile components of the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata.by GC-MS.
Conclusion: The Euphorbia .ebracteolata Hayata. has the manifest feature of the plant morphology and bionomics, also has the the typical identification characteristics of the medicinal material and microstructure, meanwhile, it has the special structure of the chemical constituents. In this paper, ten compounds were isolated and identified, in which two compounds were isolated for the first time, and twenty-nine compouds were identified from the volatile oil. Also, study the quality of medical material of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata., From the researching, enriche this species researching content, laid a foundation for further development of this species.
引文
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[10]王文祥,丁杏苞.月腺大戟根中乙酰间苯三酚类衍生物[J].药学学报,1999,34(7):514～517.
[2]程必勇.《本经》茹类同品草茹及有关问题考[J].陕西中医学院学报,1999,22(6):38～403.
[3]吕培霖,杨培德.狼毒历代本草考证[J].甘肃中医2007,20(1):12～14.
[4]卓兆莲,高英,李卫民,高卫东.中药狼毒考证[J].中医药学报,2006,34(3):50～53.
[5]芮和恺.余秋妹,林秀妹.月腺大戟挥发油成分的研究[J].中国药学杂志,1992,27(4):209～210.
[6]殷志琦.三种常用中草药的化学成分及植物生长调节剂顺式-肉桂酸的生物合成途径研究.中国药科大学,博士学位论文.
[7]浮光苗.狼毒类活性成分研究和黑面神资源化学研究.中国药科大学,博士学位论文.
[8]史海明.三种药用植物—月腺大戟、水黄花和水团花的化学成分研究.中国药科大学,博士学位论文.
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