夏、秋季黄河口及其邻近海域大中型浮游动物群落生态学研究
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摘要
本研究利用2009年7月(夏季)和2010年9月(秋季)两个航次在黄河口及其邻近水域进行调查所采集的浮游动物样品,对研究水域浮游动物的种类组成、丰度和优势种进行了探讨;采用多元统计方法分析了该水域浮游动物的群落结构和生物多样性,探讨了浮游动物群落与环境因子间的关系,以期为该海区浮游动物的长期变化研究提供基础资料。
两个航次共计鉴定各种类浮游动物63种,浮游幼虫16类,合计种类数为79(详见种类名录)。其中,原生动物2种;水螅水母19种;栉水母1种;浮游甲壳动物共计36种,其中,桡足类20种,占浮游甲壳动物种类组成的55.6%;枝角类2种;等足类1种;端足类2种;涟虫1种;糠虾10种;十足类2种;毛颚类1种;被囊类2种;浮游幼虫16类。浮游动物的主要类群为浮游甲壳动物、刺胞动物和浮游幼虫等。
夏季,调查水域浮游动物的平均丰度为303.8 ind/m~3,高值区主要位于调查海区北部近岸水域;秋季,调查海区浮游动物的平均丰度为为229.6 ind/m~3,高值区主要分布于调查海区的北部。夏季浮游动物丰度高于秋季。桡足类、浮游幼虫和毛颚类是数量最丰富的类群,浮游动物总丰度的变动主要由这3个类群的分布决定。
夏季,调查海区浮游动物平均湿重生物量为325.1 mg/m~3,生物量呈现在河口及其北部水域较高,在研究海区东部和南部较低的分布格局;秋季,平均湿重生物量为924.1 mg/m~3,调查海区东北部水域生物量较高,南部水域较低。夏季航次的浮游动物优势种为:中华哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、强壮箭虫、真刺唇角水蚤和长尾类幼虫。秋季航次的浮游动物优势种为:锡兰和平水母、球型侧腕水母、中华哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤和强壮箭虫。
多元统计分析显示,黄河口海区的浮游动物群落存在显著差异。可分为组群Ⅰ近河口群落、组群Ⅱ沿岸水群落和组群Ⅲ冲淡水群落。浮游动物群落结构受环境因子的影响显著,且在不同季节随着冲淡水位置的移动,浮游动物群落也呈现季节性的变化。浮游动物丰度和环境因子的相关性分析显示:夏季影响浮游动物分布的主要非生物因子为表层盐度和水深;秋季影响浮游动物分布的主要因子为底层温度、底层盐度和水深。
夏季,调查海区浮游动物种类数、香农-威纳指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的平均值分别为:21、2.6、0.6和2.5。秋季调查海区浮游动物种类数、香农-威纳多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的平均值分别为:15、2.3、0.5和1.8。夏季航次浮游动物种类数、香农-威纳指数和丰富度指数均高于秋季航次。
Zooplankton community structure and its influencing factors were studied by means of multi-variable and bio-environmental analysis based on the samples collected in the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters during two survey cruises which was conducted in summer (Jul. 2009) and in autumn (Sep. 2010) separately. The research can provide important fundamental information for the long-term monitoring of zooplankton structure ecology in the Yellow River Estuary.
A total of 63 zooplankton taxa and 16 pelagic larvae were identified during two surveys, and they belonged to Protozoa, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chaetognatha and Urochordata. Crustacea and Chaetognatha were the most abundant two components of the zooplankton. The species percentage of pelagic crustacean represented above 57.1% of total species richness and copepods were the most dominant crustacean in surveyed waters.
In summer, the mean abundance of zooplankton was 303.8 ind/m~3. The high abundance was near the estuary and the north part of the surveyed waters. In autumn, the mean abundance value of zooplankton was 229.6 ind/m~3. The abundance in the north-eastern area of the surveyed waters was also higher than other area. Copepods, pelagic larvae and Chaetognatha was the most important dominant groups in the Yellow River Estuary which greatly controlled the distribution of tatal zooplankton abundance.
In summer, the mean biomass was 325.1 mg/m~3. The biomass was higher near the estuary waters and the northern part of surveyed area, though the biomass is relatively lower in the southern area. In autumn, the mean biomass was 924.1 mg/m~3, the biomass in the north-eastern waters was higher than that in the southern waters.
Sagitta crassa, Calanus sinicus, Macrura larvae, Paracalanus parvus and Labidocera euchaeta were the dominant species in summer, while Sagitta crassa, Calanus sinicus, Eirene ceylonensis, Pleurobrachia globosa and Centropages dorsispinatus were the dominant species in autumn.
According to the multivariate analysis, significant differences of zooplankton communities were detected in the Yellow River Estuary. Three assemblages or communities were differentiated for the zooplankton by using the method of cluster analysis. GroupⅠ, with simple species composation, was detected in the neighborhood of Yellow River Estuary, as a result of the great influence from the Yellow River discharge. GroupⅡ, which was detected in autumn, was influenced by LaiZhou waters and the Yellow River discharge. GroupⅢ, with relatively more number of zooplankton species, was influnced by the waters which was under the control of both Yellow River discharge and BoHai coastal waters. The present study showed a clear relationship between zooplankton assemblages and water masses distributions. Surface salinity and water depth were the most important abiotic factors for the zooplankton distribution and community classification in summer, while in antumn, bottom salinity, bottom temperature and depth were the primary factors which influenced the zooplankton distribution and abundance in the surveyed area.
Zooplankton biodiversity was significantly higher in summer than that in autumn. In summer, the average value of Species number, Shannon-Weaner Diversity, Pielou′s evenness index and Margalef species richness were 21, 2.45, 0.59 and 2.49, while in winter, the values were 15, 2.31, 0.54 and 1.80 respectively.
两个航次共计鉴定各种类浮游动物63种,浮游幼虫16类,合计种类数为79(详见种类名录)。其中,原生动物2种;水螅水母19种;栉水母1种;浮游甲壳动物共计36种,其中,桡足类20种,占浮游甲壳动物种类组成的55.6%;枝角类2种;等足类1种;端足类2种;涟虫1种;糠虾10种;十足类2种;毛颚类1种;被囊类2种;浮游幼虫16类。浮游动物的主要类群为浮游甲壳动物、刺胞动物和浮游幼虫等。
夏季,调查水域浮游动物的平均丰度为303.8 ind/m~3,高值区主要位于调查海区北部近岸水域;秋季,调查海区浮游动物的平均丰度为为229.6 ind/m~3,高值区主要分布于调查海区的北部。夏季浮游动物丰度高于秋季。桡足类、浮游幼虫和毛颚类是数量最丰富的类群,浮游动物总丰度的变动主要由这3个类群的分布决定。
夏季,调查海区浮游动物平均湿重生物量为325.1 mg/m~3,生物量呈现在河口及其北部水域较高,在研究海区东部和南部较低的分布格局;秋季,平均湿重生物量为924.1 mg/m~3,调查海区东北部水域生物量较高,南部水域较低。夏季航次的浮游动物优势种为:中华哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、强壮箭虫、真刺唇角水蚤和长尾类幼虫。秋季航次的浮游动物优势种为:锡兰和平水母、球型侧腕水母、中华哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤和强壮箭虫。
多元统计分析显示,黄河口海区的浮游动物群落存在显著差异。可分为组群Ⅰ近河口群落、组群Ⅱ沿岸水群落和组群Ⅲ冲淡水群落。浮游动物群落结构受环境因子的影响显著,且在不同季节随着冲淡水位置的移动,浮游动物群落也呈现季节性的变化。浮游动物丰度和环境因子的相关性分析显示:夏季影响浮游动物分布的主要非生物因子为表层盐度和水深;秋季影响浮游动物分布的主要因子为底层温度、底层盐度和水深。
夏季,调查海区浮游动物种类数、香农-威纳指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的平均值分别为:21、2.6、0.6和2.5。秋季调查海区浮游动物种类数、香农-威纳多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的平均值分别为:15、2.3、0.5和1.8。夏季航次浮游动物种类数、香农-威纳指数和丰富度指数均高于秋季航次。
Zooplankton community structure and its influencing factors were studied by means of multi-variable and bio-environmental analysis based on the samples collected in the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters during two survey cruises which was conducted in summer (Jul. 2009) and in autumn (Sep. 2010) separately. The research can provide important fundamental information for the long-term monitoring of zooplankton structure ecology in the Yellow River Estuary.
A total of 63 zooplankton taxa and 16 pelagic larvae were identified during two surveys, and they belonged to Protozoa, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chaetognatha and Urochordata. Crustacea and Chaetognatha were the most abundant two components of the zooplankton. The species percentage of pelagic crustacean represented above 57.1% of total species richness and copepods were the most dominant crustacean in surveyed waters.
In summer, the mean abundance of zooplankton was 303.8 ind/m~3. The high abundance was near the estuary and the north part of the surveyed waters. In autumn, the mean abundance value of zooplankton was 229.6 ind/m~3. The abundance in the north-eastern area of the surveyed waters was also higher than other area. Copepods, pelagic larvae and Chaetognatha was the most important dominant groups in the Yellow River Estuary which greatly controlled the distribution of tatal zooplankton abundance.
In summer, the mean biomass was 325.1 mg/m~3. The biomass was higher near the estuary waters and the northern part of surveyed area, though the biomass is relatively lower in the southern area. In autumn, the mean biomass was 924.1 mg/m~3, the biomass in the north-eastern waters was higher than that in the southern waters.
Sagitta crassa, Calanus sinicus, Macrura larvae, Paracalanus parvus and Labidocera euchaeta were the dominant species in summer, while Sagitta crassa, Calanus sinicus, Eirene ceylonensis, Pleurobrachia globosa and Centropages dorsispinatus were the dominant species in autumn.
According to the multivariate analysis, significant differences of zooplankton communities were detected in the Yellow River Estuary. Three assemblages or communities were differentiated for the zooplankton by using the method of cluster analysis. GroupⅠ, with simple species composation, was detected in the neighborhood of Yellow River Estuary, as a result of the great influence from the Yellow River discharge. GroupⅡ, which was detected in autumn, was influenced by LaiZhou waters and the Yellow River discharge. GroupⅢ, with relatively more number of zooplankton species, was influnced by the waters which was under the control of both Yellow River discharge and BoHai coastal waters. The present study showed a clear relationship between zooplankton assemblages and water masses distributions. Surface salinity and water depth were the most important abiotic factors for the zooplankton distribution and community classification in summer, while in antumn, bottom salinity, bottom temperature and depth were the primary factors which influenced the zooplankton distribution and abundance in the surveyed area.
Zooplankton biodiversity was significantly higher in summer than that in autumn. In summer, the average value of Species number, Shannon-Weaner Diversity, Pielou′s evenness index and Margalef species richness were 21, 2.45, 0.59 and 2.49, while in winter, the values were 15, 2.31, 0.54 and 1.80 respectively.
引文
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