青岛南部近海浮游动物群落结构研究
摘要
根据2006年8月(夏季)、12月(冬季),2007年4月(春季)、10月(秋季)青岛南部近岸海域的浮游动物调查资料,研究了该海域的浮游动物种类组成、丰度、生物量和优势种；采用多元统计方法分析了该海域浮游动物的群落结构,并探讨了浮游动物群落结构特征与环境因子的相关性,为该海域浮游动物生态学研究提供基础资料。结果如下：
(1)共鉴定浮游动物成体89种,浮游幼虫35种,共计124种。其中使用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网采集的样品中鉴定浮游动物117种,浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网采集的样品鉴定68种。包括原生动物2种、腔肠动物33种、栉水母3种、枝角类4种、桡足类29种、其它节肢动物12种、毛颚动物2种、浮游被囊动物2种、浮游幼虫35种。
(2)春、夏、秋、冬季浮游动物平均丰度分别为1895.92、120.96、2179.89、163.75 ind/m3,呈现秋季>春季>冬季>夏季的变化规律。春季浮游动物丰度与盐度显著性负相关；夏季丰度与盐度显著性负相关,与浮游植物密度显著性正相关；秋、冬季浮游动物丰度与环境因子相关性不显著。
(3)春、夏、秋、冬季的平均生物量分别为1350.39、54.36、587.44、63.26mg/m3,呈现春季>秋季>冬季>夏季的变化趋势。春、夏季浮游动物生物量与盐度呈现显著性负相关,秋、冬季生物量与环境因子相关性不显著。
(4)香农-威纳指数呈现夏季>秋季>冬季>春季的趋势；均匀度均值呈现夏季>秋季=冬季>春季的趋势；丰富度呈现秋季>夏季>冬季>春季的趋势。
(5)浅水Ⅰ型网数据中出现的优势种类有16种,浅水Ⅱ型网数据中出现的优势种类有12种,其中小拟哲水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、强壮箭虫、异体住囊虫、多毛类幼体、瓣鳃类幼体、桡足幼体在不同网型中均为优势种。
(6)使用PRIMER5.2软件对各站位浮游动物数据进行相似性分析,结果表明在相似性60%左右,可以将该海域大致划分为三个群落,ZD-QD237、ZD-QD238、ZD-QD239、ZD-QD240为一个群落；ZD-QD255、JC-HH147、JC-HH148站位为一个群落。剩下的站位为一个群落。影响春、夏、秋、冬季浮游动物分布的关键因素分别为温度、盐度、水深/温度/盐度、盐度。
Based on the data from investigations of coastal waters south of Qingdao from August 2006 to November 2007, Zooplankton composition, abundance, biomass and dominant species in the area were analyzed. The zooplankton community structure was analyzed through multivariate analysis method. Zooplankton community and their relationship to environmental factors were also detected. The research can provide fundamental information for the long-term monitoring of zooplankton ecology in the coastal waters south of Qingdao. Results showed that:
(1) Total 124 species of zooplankton were identified. Including Protozoa(2 species), Coelenterate(33 species), Cladocera(3 species), Copepoda(29 species), other Arthropoda(12 species), Chaetognatha(2 species), Urochordata (2 species), pelagic larvae(35 species).
(2) The average abundance of zooplankton of the investigated area was 1895.92、120.96、2179.89、163.75 ind/m3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, and an obvious trend of autumn> spring> summer> winter was obtained. Zooplankton abundance and salinity showed significant negative correlation in spring. Abundance of zooplankton and salinity showed significant negative correlation, and with phytoplankton density showed significant positive correlation in summer. The abundance of zooplankton and temperature, salinity, Phytoplankton density showed no significant correlation in autumn, winter.
(3) The average biomass of zooplankton in spring, summer, autumn and winter was 1350.39、54.36、587.44、63.26 mg/m, respectively, and an obvious trend of spring>autumn>winter>summer was obtained. Zooplankton biomass and salinity showed significant negative correlation in spring and summer, biomass and environmental factors had no significant correlation in autumn or winter.
(4) Shannon-Weiner index presented the summer> autumn> winter> spring trend. Evenness index showed summer> autumn= winter> spring trend. Richness index presented autumn> summer>winter>spring trend.
(5) There were 16 species of dominant appeared in type I,12 species of dominant species occurred in typeⅡ. There were Paracalanus parvus, Corycaeus affinis, Sagitta crassa, Oikopleura dioica, Lamellibranchiata larva, Polychaeta larva, Copepoda larva appeared in the two type nets.
(6) Zooplankton datas of all stations were analysised with PRIMER5.2 software. Results showed that at about 60% of similarity, the area can be divided into three communities, ZD-QD237, ZD-QD238, ZD-QD239, ZD-QD240 were divided a community; ZD-QD255, JC-HH147, JC-HH148 were divided a community. The remaining stations were classified as a community.The key factors that influenced the distribution of zooplankton were respectively temperature, salinity, depth/ temperature/salinity, salinity in the spring, summer, autumn, winter.
(1)共鉴定浮游动物成体89种,浮游幼虫35种,共计124种。其中使用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网采集的样品中鉴定浮游动物117种,浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网采集的样品鉴定68种。包括原生动物2种、腔肠动物33种、栉水母3种、枝角类4种、桡足类29种、其它节肢动物12种、毛颚动物2种、浮游被囊动物2种、浮游幼虫35种。
(2)春、夏、秋、冬季浮游动物平均丰度分别为1895.92、120.96、2179.89、163.75 ind/m3,呈现秋季>春季>冬季>夏季的变化规律。春季浮游动物丰度与盐度显著性负相关；夏季丰度与盐度显著性负相关,与浮游植物密度显著性正相关；秋、冬季浮游动物丰度与环境因子相关性不显著。
(3)春、夏、秋、冬季的平均生物量分别为1350.39、54.36、587.44、63.26mg/m3,呈现春季>秋季>冬季>夏季的变化趋势。春、夏季浮游动物生物量与盐度呈现显著性负相关,秋、冬季生物量与环境因子相关性不显著。
(4)香农-威纳指数呈现夏季>秋季>冬季>春季的趋势；均匀度均值呈现夏季>秋季=冬季>春季的趋势；丰富度呈现秋季>夏季>冬季>春季的趋势。
(5)浅水Ⅰ型网数据中出现的优势种类有16种,浅水Ⅱ型网数据中出现的优势种类有12种,其中小拟哲水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、强壮箭虫、异体住囊虫、多毛类幼体、瓣鳃类幼体、桡足幼体在不同网型中均为优势种。
(6)使用PRIMER5.2软件对各站位浮游动物数据进行相似性分析,结果表明在相似性60%左右,可以将该海域大致划分为三个群落,ZD-QD237、ZD-QD238、ZD-QD239、ZD-QD240为一个群落；ZD-QD255、JC-HH147、JC-HH148站位为一个群落。剩下的站位为一个群落。影响春、夏、秋、冬季浮游动物分布的关键因素分别为温度、盐度、水深/温度/盐度、盐度。
Based on the data from investigations of coastal waters south of Qingdao from August 2006 to November 2007, Zooplankton composition, abundance, biomass and dominant species in the area were analyzed. The zooplankton community structure was analyzed through multivariate analysis method. Zooplankton community and their relationship to environmental factors were also detected. The research can provide fundamental information for the long-term monitoring of zooplankton ecology in the coastal waters south of Qingdao. Results showed that:
(1) Total 124 species of zooplankton were identified. Including Protozoa(2 species), Coelenterate(33 species), Cladocera(3 species), Copepoda(29 species), other Arthropoda(12 species), Chaetognatha(2 species), Urochordata (2 species), pelagic larvae(35 species).
(2) The average abundance of zooplankton of the investigated area was 1895.92、120.96、2179.89、163.75 ind/m3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, and an obvious trend of autumn> spring> summer> winter was obtained. Zooplankton abundance and salinity showed significant negative correlation in spring. Abundance of zooplankton and salinity showed significant negative correlation, and with phytoplankton density showed significant positive correlation in summer. The abundance of zooplankton and temperature, salinity, Phytoplankton density showed no significant correlation in autumn, winter.
(3) The average biomass of zooplankton in spring, summer, autumn and winter was 1350.39、54.36、587.44、63.26 mg/m, respectively, and an obvious trend of spring>autumn>winter>summer was obtained. Zooplankton biomass and salinity showed significant negative correlation in spring and summer, biomass and environmental factors had no significant correlation in autumn or winter.
(4) Shannon-Weiner index presented the summer> autumn> winter> spring trend. Evenness index showed summer> autumn= winter> spring trend. Richness index presented autumn> summer>winter>spring trend.
(5) There were 16 species of dominant appeared in type I,12 species of dominant species occurred in typeⅡ. There were Paracalanus parvus, Corycaeus affinis, Sagitta crassa, Oikopleura dioica, Lamellibranchiata larva, Polychaeta larva, Copepoda larva appeared in the two type nets.
(6) Zooplankton datas of all stations were analysised with PRIMER5.2 software. Results showed that at about 60% of similarity, the area can be divided into three communities, ZD-QD237, ZD-QD238, ZD-QD239, ZD-QD240 were divided a community; ZD-QD255, JC-HH147, JC-HH148 were divided a community. The remaining stations were classified as a community.The key factors that influenced the distribution of zooplankton were respectively temperature, salinity, depth/ temperature/salinity, salinity in the spring, summer, autumn, winter.
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