优酪酸、植酸酶及霉毒素吸附剂在猪生产中的应用
摘要
为解决仔猪腹泻、粪便氮磷污染及饲料黄曲霉菌污染对养猪业的影响,本课题在贵州台农种养殖公司龙里种猪场内进行了断奶仔猪日粮添加优酪酸、生长仔猪日粮中添加植酸酶、繁殖母猪日粮添加霉毒素吸附剂试验。
试验一:用48头28日龄,体重相近、健康的断奶仔猪随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组4个组每组12头,试验组日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%优酪酸,进行了28天饲养试验。结果表明:对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日增重分别为0.376kg、0.398kg、0.410kg、0.409kg,其中以试验Ⅱ组的平均日增重最高,分别比对照组高9.04%(p＜0.05)、比试验Ⅰ组高3.02%、比试验Ⅲ组高0.24%;料肉比分别为1.75:1、1.70:1、1.67:1、1.67:1,其中以试验Ⅱ组的料肉比最低,分别比对照组低4.57%(p＜0.05),比试验Ⅰ组低1.76%、比试验Ⅲ组基本持平;仔猪腹泻发生率分别为66.67%、33.33%、16.67%、33.33%,其中以试验Ⅱ组腹泻发生率最低。
试验二:用96头体重30Kg左右杜×长×大三元杂仔猪,随机分为A(对照组)、B、C、D组4个组每组24头,试验组分别在日粮中添加250U/kg、500U/kg、750U/kg植酸酶,进行了42d饲养试验,另取12头分4组每组3头进行消化试验。结果表明:A、B、C、D组的平均日增重分别为0.75kg、0.765kg、0.78kg、0.77kg,C组试验组的平均日增重分别比对照组高1.05%(P＞0.05),比B组高4.09%(P＜0.05),比D组高2.64%(P＞0.05),猪粪中CP分别降低了5.45%(P＞0.05),8.26%(P＜0.05)和8.15%(P＜0.05),钙含量分别降低了1.30%(P＞0.05),4.56%(P＜0.01)和3.58%(P＞0.01);磷含量分别降低了6.09%(P＜0.05),9.57%(P＜.01)和6.96%(P＜0.01)。
试验三:用32头健康、体况良好5胎次大约克经产母猪,随机分为对照组、试验1,2,3组4个组,每组8头,试验组在分别日粮中添加0.15%、0.3%、0.45%霉毒素吸附剂,分妊娠后期(86 d-分娩)、哺乳期(0-28 d)2个阶段进行了饲养试验。结果表明,对照组和3个试验组产仔数分别为10.25、10.56、11.5、11.10,试验2组产仔数最高;仔猪初生窝重分别为11.38 kg、13.19 kg、15.76kg、14.87 kg,其中试验2组仔猪初生窝重最高;4个组的初生个体重依序分别为1.30 kg、1.35 kg、1.44 kg、1.41 kg,分别比对照组高0.05 kg、0.14 kg、0.11 kg,4个组断奶个体重依序分别为6.68kg、6.88kg、7.71kg、7.53kg,3个试验组都比对照组高,4个组母猪的受胎率依序分别为78.25%、82.13%、85.76%、84.98%,试验2组的受胎率最高;4个组的流产率依序分别为4.65%、2.55%、1.82%、2.09%,对照组的流产率最高,试验2组流产率最低,整个试验期间,母猪的总耗料量和体重损失差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
从而认为,在仔猪日粮中添加优酪酸可以提高哺乳仔猪的增重、饲料转化效率、预防仔猪腹泻,以添加1%为宜;添加植酸酶可以明显减少生长猪粪便中蛋白质、钙、磷等的排泄量,对生长和饲料转化效率、降低饲养成本有一定作用,以添加500U/kg植酸酶效果最佳;在母猪日粮中添加霉毒素吸附剂可以保证母猪繁殖能力,降低流产率、提高初生窝重具有明显作用,以添加0.3%霉毒素吸附剂效果最为明显。此三项技术在养猪生产中具有很高的推广应用价值。
The experiment was located at Longli pig breeding farm of Tailong company about optimal butyric acid added with piglets diet,weaned piglets diet added with phytase and sow fertility diet added with aflatoxin adsorbent,in order to solve the effects of piglet diarrhea、nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from feces and aspergillus flavus pollution of feed on pig industry.
We choosed 48 weaned piglets of 28 days old,which are healthy and weight close for the experiment 1,there are four groups and 12 replicates per group,and four levels of optimal butyric acid(CK,0.5%,1%,1.5%) added to their diet for 28 d.The results indicated that the average daily gain of weaned piglets were 0.376kg in groupⅠ、0.398kg in groupⅡ、0.410kg in groupⅢand 0.409kg in group 3,the groupⅡhad the greatest average daily gain in the four groups,9.04%(p＜0.05 )higher than CK, 3.02%higher than group 1 and 0.24%higher than group 4;feed conversion ratio of CK、groupⅠ、groupⅡand groupⅢwere 1.75:1、1.70:1、1.67:1、1.67:1,the groupⅡhad the lowest feed conversion ratio in the four groups,4.57%(p＜0.05)lower than CK,1.76%lower than groupⅠand equal to groupⅢ;diarrhea incidence of CK、groupⅠ、groupⅡand groupⅢwere 66.67%、33.33%、16.67%、33.33%,and the groupⅡhad the lowest diarrhea incidence in the four groups.
There are 96 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire three-breed cross piglets of 30kg weight for the experiment 2,they were divided to four groups and 24 rcplicatcs per group,and four levels phytase(CK、250U/kg、500U/kg、750U/kg) added to their diet for 42 d,additional 12 DLY three-breed cross piglets for digestion trial.The result indicated that the average daily gain was 0.75kg、0.765kg、0.78kg and 0.77kg respcctiely for A、group B、group C and groupD the average daily gain of groupA、groupB and group C was respectiely 1.05%(P＞0.05),4.09(P＜0.05),2.64%(P＞0.05) higher than groupA,CP in fece of groupB、group C and group D was respectiely 5.45%(P＞0.05),8.26%(P＜0.05) and 8.15%(P＜0.05) lower than groupA,Ca was respectiely 1.30%(P＞0.05),4.56%(P＜0.01) and 3.58%(P＞0.01) lower than groupA, P was respectiely 6.09%(P＜0.05),9.57%(P＜.01) and 6.96%(P＜0.01) lower than groupA.
There are 32 healthy Yorkshire multiparous sows of 5 fetal times for the experiment 3,they were divided to four groups and 8 replicates per group,and four levds penicillic toxin adsorbent(CK、0.15%、0.3%、0.45%) added to their diet,the feeding was in two phases of late pregnancy(86 d to delivery) and lactation period(0 d to 28 d).The result shows that litter size was 10.25、10.56、11.5 and 11.10 respectiely for CK、group 1、group 2 and group 3,and group 2 had the greatest litter size,litter weight of piglet of CK、group 1、group2、group 3 was respectively 11.38 kg、13.19 kg、15.76 kg、14.87 kg,and group 2 had the highest litter weight of piglet,piglets birth weight was respectively 1.30 kg、1.35 kg、1.44 kg、1.41 kg,the three treat groups are all higher than CK;conception rate was respectively 78.25%、82.13%、85.76%、84.98%,and group 2 had the highest conception rate in the four groups;abortion rate was respectively 4.65%、2.55%、1.82%、2.09%,CK had the highest abortion rate.The total feed consumption and body weight loss of sows had not significant difference(P＞0.05) during the experiment period.
Therefore,with the application of optimal butyric acid in feed,the weight gain of suckling piglets and feed conversion ratio increased,piglet diarrhea decreased, particularly,it had a best effect with 1%optimal butyric acid in feed;the CP、Ca and P in fece of growing pigs decreased,the gain and feed conversion rate improved and the feed cost reduced with the application of phytase,the efficiency was greatest when phytase in 500U/kg concentration;The application of aflatoxin adsorbent in sows diet can raise the litter weight,of piglet,decrease abortion rate,it had a best effect with the addition of 0.3%penicillic toxin adsorbent.the
试验一:用48头28日龄,体重相近、健康的断奶仔猪随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组4个组每组12头,试验组日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%优酪酸,进行了28天饲养试验。结果表明:对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日增重分别为0.376kg、0.398kg、0.410kg、0.409kg,其中以试验Ⅱ组的平均日增重最高,分别比对照组高9.04%(p＜0.05)、比试验Ⅰ组高3.02%、比试验Ⅲ组高0.24%;料肉比分别为1.75:1、1.70:1、1.67:1、1.67:1,其中以试验Ⅱ组的料肉比最低,分别比对照组低4.57%(p＜0.05),比试验Ⅰ组低1.76%、比试验Ⅲ组基本持平;仔猪腹泻发生率分别为66.67%、33.33%、16.67%、33.33%,其中以试验Ⅱ组腹泻发生率最低。
试验二:用96头体重30Kg左右杜×长×大三元杂仔猪,随机分为A(对照组)、B、C、D组4个组每组24头,试验组分别在日粮中添加250U/kg、500U/kg、750U/kg植酸酶,进行了42d饲养试验,另取12头分4组每组3头进行消化试验。结果表明:A、B、C、D组的平均日增重分别为0.75kg、0.765kg、0.78kg、0.77kg,C组试验组的平均日增重分别比对照组高1.05%(P＞0.05),比B组高4.09%(P＜0.05),比D组高2.64%(P＞0.05),猪粪中CP分别降低了5.45%(P＞0.05),8.26%(P＜0.05)和8.15%(P＜0.05),钙含量分别降低了1.30%(P＞0.05),4.56%(P＜0.01)和3.58%(P＞0.01);磷含量分别降低了6.09%(P＜0.05),9.57%(P＜.01)和6.96%(P＜0.01)。
试验三:用32头健康、体况良好5胎次大约克经产母猪,随机分为对照组、试验1,2,3组4个组,每组8头,试验组在分别日粮中添加0.15%、0.3%、0.45%霉毒素吸附剂,分妊娠后期(86 d-分娩)、哺乳期(0-28 d)2个阶段进行了饲养试验。结果表明,对照组和3个试验组产仔数分别为10.25、10.56、11.5、11.10,试验2组产仔数最高;仔猪初生窝重分别为11.38 kg、13.19 kg、15.76kg、14.87 kg,其中试验2组仔猪初生窝重最高;4个组的初生个体重依序分别为1.30 kg、1.35 kg、1.44 kg、1.41 kg,分别比对照组高0.05 kg、0.14 kg、0.11 kg,4个组断奶个体重依序分别为6.68kg、6.88kg、7.71kg、7.53kg,3个试验组都比对照组高,4个组母猪的受胎率依序分别为78.25%、82.13%、85.76%、84.98%,试验2组的受胎率最高;4个组的流产率依序分别为4.65%、2.55%、1.82%、2.09%,对照组的流产率最高,试验2组流产率最低,整个试验期间,母猪的总耗料量和体重损失差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
从而认为,在仔猪日粮中添加优酪酸可以提高哺乳仔猪的增重、饲料转化效率、预防仔猪腹泻,以添加1%为宜;添加植酸酶可以明显减少生长猪粪便中蛋白质、钙、磷等的排泄量,对生长和饲料转化效率、降低饲养成本有一定作用,以添加500U/kg植酸酶效果最佳;在母猪日粮中添加霉毒素吸附剂可以保证母猪繁殖能力,降低流产率、提高初生窝重具有明显作用,以添加0.3%霉毒素吸附剂效果最为明显。此三项技术在养猪生产中具有很高的推广应用价值。
The experiment was located at Longli pig breeding farm of Tailong company about optimal butyric acid added with piglets diet,weaned piglets diet added with phytase and sow fertility diet added with aflatoxin adsorbent,in order to solve the effects of piglet diarrhea、nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from feces and aspergillus flavus pollution of feed on pig industry.
We choosed 48 weaned piglets of 28 days old,which are healthy and weight close for the experiment 1,there are four groups and 12 replicates per group,and four levels of optimal butyric acid(CK,0.5%,1%,1.5%) added to their diet for 28 d.The results indicated that the average daily gain of weaned piglets were 0.376kg in groupⅠ、0.398kg in groupⅡ、0.410kg in groupⅢand 0.409kg in group 3,the groupⅡhad the greatest average daily gain in the four groups,9.04%(p＜0.05 )higher than CK, 3.02%higher than group 1 and 0.24%higher than group 4;feed conversion ratio of CK、groupⅠ、groupⅡand groupⅢwere 1.75:1、1.70:1、1.67:1、1.67:1,the groupⅡhad the lowest feed conversion ratio in the four groups,4.57%(p＜0.05)lower than CK,1.76%lower than groupⅠand equal to groupⅢ;diarrhea incidence of CK、groupⅠ、groupⅡand groupⅢwere 66.67%、33.33%、16.67%、33.33%,and the groupⅡhad the lowest diarrhea incidence in the four groups.
There are 96 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire three-breed cross piglets of 30kg weight for the experiment 2,they were divided to four groups and 24 rcplicatcs per group,and four levels phytase(CK、250U/kg、500U/kg、750U/kg) added to their diet for 42 d,additional 12 DLY three-breed cross piglets for digestion trial.The result indicated that the average daily gain was 0.75kg、0.765kg、0.78kg and 0.77kg respcctiely for A、group B、group C and groupD the average daily gain of groupA、groupB and group C was respectiely 1.05%(P＞0.05),4.09(P＜0.05),2.64%(P＞0.05) higher than groupA,CP in fece of groupB、group C and group D was respectiely 5.45%(P＞0.05),8.26%(P＜0.05) and 8.15%(P＜0.05) lower than groupA,Ca was respectiely 1.30%(P＞0.05),4.56%(P＜0.01) and 3.58%(P＞0.01) lower than groupA, P was respectiely 6.09%(P＜0.05),9.57%(P＜.01) and 6.96%(P＜0.01) lower than groupA.
There are 32 healthy Yorkshire multiparous sows of 5 fetal times for the experiment 3,they were divided to four groups and 8 replicates per group,and four levds penicillic toxin adsorbent(CK、0.15%、0.3%、0.45%) added to their diet,the feeding was in two phases of late pregnancy(86 d to delivery) and lactation period(0 d to 28 d).The result shows that litter size was 10.25、10.56、11.5 and 11.10 respectiely for CK、group 1、group 2 and group 3,and group 2 had the greatest litter size,litter weight of piglet of CK、group 1、group2、group 3 was respectively 11.38 kg、13.19 kg、15.76 kg、14.87 kg,and group 2 had the highest litter weight of piglet,piglets birth weight was respectively 1.30 kg、1.35 kg、1.44 kg、1.41 kg,the three treat groups are all higher than CK;conception rate was respectively 78.25%、82.13%、85.76%、84.98%,and group 2 had the highest conception rate in the four groups;abortion rate was respectively 4.65%、2.55%、1.82%、2.09%,CK had the highest abortion rate.The total feed consumption and body weight loss of sows had not significant difference(P＞0.05) during the experiment period.
Therefore,with the application of optimal butyric acid in feed,the weight gain of suckling piglets and feed conversion ratio increased,piglet diarrhea decreased, particularly,it had a best effect with 1%optimal butyric acid in feed;the CP、Ca and P in fece of growing pigs decreased,the gain and feed conversion rate improved and the feed cost reduced with the application of phytase,the efficiency was greatest when phytase in 500U/kg concentration;The application of aflatoxin adsorbent in sows diet can raise the litter weight,of piglet,decrease abortion rate,it had a best effect with the addition of 0.3%penicillic toxin adsorbent.the
引文
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