鸡蛋质量安全的追溯及预警机制研究
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摘要
食品安全问题是关系国计民生的重大问题,它关系到广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全、经济健康发展和社会稳定。近年来,食品安全恶性事件的频频发生更加引发了世界范围内对这一问题的关注,无论是发达国家,还是发展中国家,都将食品安全问题作为各国的重大课题。
作为我国最早发展起来的畜牧产业,禽蛋产业已经成为我国畜牧业的支柱产业,特别是在苏北发展得最快,产业化水平也较高。目前,海安的畜禽养殖进入了一个新的历史阶段,经济的增长方式发生了根本性的改变,从数量型生产向追求质量安全、提高效益转变；从分散经营向规模化品牌经营、市场开拓转变,养殖产业化水平有了明显的提高。因此,加强鸡蛋质量安全建设与管理,发展无公害、绿色食品生产,实现农业可持续发展,已成为发展农村经济的重点和热点。特别是我国加入WTO以后,贸易壁垒以绿色壁垒和技术壁垒等非关税壁垒为主,食品安全给我国特别是禽蛋产业带来了巨大的压力。在此背景下,信息化的发展不仅能保障畜禽产品质量安全,又能增加养殖效益,因此,现代化家禽养殖信息化技术变得越来越迫切,这已经成为当前国内外该学科科技创新的热点。
本文在回顾相关理论和文献的基础上,建立了一个基于HACCP的追溯和预警体系。包括三个方面：(1)对鸡蛋生产过程进行HACCP分析,确定鸡蛋生产的危险关键点,并制定计划表；(2)构建了一个鸡蛋安全生产的预警机制,包括全程生产安全警素评价的指标体系,建立了全程生产安全的预警模型,通过特征向量分析消除指标之间的相关性,并利用模糊聚类分析精度,进行全程生产的警兆评价,并制定了预警方案；(3)阐述了四种可以使用的溯源方法。在此框架上,本研究进行了案例分析,采用聚类分析方法进行测算,对新康德勤业进行预警分析,并提出建立溯源体系的方法,继而采用计量模型,评估了实施HACCP的效果,实证分析表明,实施HACCP虽然会显著增加企业成本,但是,对于主营业务收入的促进作用更大,因此,有利于企业利润的提高。这就意味着,实施HACCP,建立预警体系,能够使企业有效的防范危机,降低风险,扩大收益。
Food safety is a major problem of the people's livelihood, it related to people's health and security, economic healthy and social stability. In recent years, food safety, frequent incidents caused worldwide concern on this issue, no matter it is for developed countries or developing countries, food safety will be an important to every country. As the development of China's earliest animal husbandry industry, Poultry and Eggs industry has become an important industry of China's livestock industry, especially in the fastest growing in North of Jiangsu, a higher level of industrialization. At present, the MSC of the livestock and poultry has entered a new historical stage of economic growth. There has been a fundamental change in the number of production from the pursuit of quality and safety, and efficiency change; from decentralized management to large-scale brand management, market development changes in the level of aquaculture industry has been significantly improved. Therefore, to enhance the quality and safety of egg-building and management, the development of pollution-free, green food production, sustainable development of agriculture, develop the rural economy has become the focus and hot spots. Especially, after China's entry to the WTO, trade barriers and barriers to green non-tariff barriers such as technical barriers to the main food safety to our egg industry in particular has brought tremendous pressure. In this paper, the development of information technology not only to protect the quality and safety of livestock products as well as to increase the modernization of farming poultry effective information technology is becoming urgent. it has become the current home of the important subjects of scientific and technological innovation.
In this paper, established of a HACCP-based retrospective and early warning system in theory and literature reviewed on the basis of the. Include three parts:(1) analysis the production of eggs HACCP process, to determine the risk of egg production of the key points, and formulated a plan form.(2) built a safe production of eggs, early warning mechanisms, including the entire production of Su-evaluation of the security police index system, the establishment of a full production model of the early warning, through the elimination of eigenvector analysis of the correlation between indicators and the use of fuzzy clustering analysis of the accuracy of the warning signs for full production evaluation, and to develop the early warning programs.(3) using two methods of traceability. In this framework, this study conducted case studies using cluster analysis methods of calculation, the new ground of Kant's early warning analysis of the industry, finally, the use of econometric models to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of HACCP, empirical analysis indicates that although the implementation of HACCP will be a significant increase in the cost of doing business, but the main business income for the promotion of a greater role, therefore, it is good to the improvement of corporate profits. This means that the implementation of HACCP, to establish an early warning system that enables businesses to crisis prevention, risk reduction, expansion the proceeds.
作为我国最早发展起来的畜牧产业,禽蛋产业已经成为我国畜牧业的支柱产业,特别是在苏北发展得最快,产业化水平也较高。目前,海安的畜禽养殖进入了一个新的历史阶段,经济的增长方式发生了根本性的改变,从数量型生产向追求质量安全、提高效益转变；从分散经营向规模化品牌经营、市场开拓转变,养殖产业化水平有了明显的提高。因此,加强鸡蛋质量安全建设与管理,发展无公害、绿色食品生产,实现农业可持续发展,已成为发展农村经济的重点和热点。特别是我国加入WTO以后,贸易壁垒以绿色壁垒和技术壁垒等非关税壁垒为主,食品安全给我国特别是禽蛋产业带来了巨大的压力。在此背景下,信息化的发展不仅能保障畜禽产品质量安全,又能增加养殖效益,因此,现代化家禽养殖信息化技术变得越来越迫切,这已经成为当前国内外该学科科技创新的热点。
本文在回顾相关理论和文献的基础上,建立了一个基于HACCP的追溯和预警体系。包括三个方面：(1)对鸡蛋生产过程进行HACCP分析,确定鸡蛋生产的危险关键点,并制定计划表；(2)构建了一个鸡蛋安全生产的预警机制,包括全程生产安全警素评价的指标体系,建立了全程生产安全的预警模型,通过特征向量分析消除指标之间的相关性,并利用模糊聚类分析精度,进行全程生产的警兆评价,并制定了预警方案；(3)阐述了四种可以使用的溯源方法。在此框架上,本研究进行了案例分析,采用聚类分析方法进行测算,对新康德勤业进行预警分析,并提出建立溯源体系的方法,继而采用计量模型,评估了实施HACCP的效果,实证分析表明,实施HACCP虽然会显著增加企业成本,但是,对于主营业务收入的促进作用更大,因此,有利于企业利润的提高。这就意味着,实施HACCP,建立预警体系,能够使企业有效的防范危机,降低风险,扩大收益。
Food safety is a major problem of the people's livelihood, it related to people's health and security, economic healthy and social stability. In recent years, food safety, frequent incidents caused worldwide concern on this issue, no matter it is for developed countries or developing countries, food safety will be an important to every country. As the development of China's earliest animal husbandry industry, Poultry and Eggs industry has become an important industry of China's livestock industry, especially in the fastest growing in North of Jiangsu, a higher level of industrialization. At present, the MSC of the livestock and poultry has entered a new historical stage of economic growth. There has been a fundamental change in the number of production from the pursuit of quality and safety, and efficiency change; from decentralized management to large-scale brand management, market development changes in the level of aquaculture industry has been significantly improved. Therefore, to enhance the quality and safety of egg-building and management, the development of pollution-free, green food production, sustainable development of agriculture, develop the rural economy has become the focus and hot spots. Especially, after China's entry to the WTO, trade barriers and barriers to green non-tariff barriers such as technical barriers to the main food safety to our egg industry in particular has brought tremendous pressure. In this paper, the development of information technology not only to protect the quality and safety of livestock products as well as to increase the modernization of farming poultry effective information technology is becoming urgent. it has become the current home of the important subjects of scientific and technological innovation.
In this paper, established of a HACCP-based retrospective and early warning system in theory and literature reviewed on the basis of the. Include three parts:(1) analysis the production of eggs HACCP process, to determine the risk of egg production of the key points, and formulated a plan form.(2) built a safe production of eggs, early warning mechanisms, including the entire production of Su-evaluation of the security police index system, the establishment of a full production model of the early warning, through the elimination of eigenvector analysis of the correlation between indicators and the use of fuzzy clustering analysis of the accuracy of the warning signs for full production evaluation, and to develop the early warning programs.(3) using two methods of traceability. In this framework, this study conducted case studies using cluster analysis methods of calculation, the new ground of Kant's early warning analysis of the industry, finally, the use of econometric models to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of HACCP, empirical analysis indicates that although the implementation of HACCP will be a significant increase in the cost of doing business, but the main business income for the promotion of a greater role, therefore, it is good to the improvement of corporate profits. This means that the implementation of HACCP, to establish an early warning system that enables businesses to crisis prevention, risk reduction, expansion the proceeds.
引文
[1]陈仕江,蔡碧蓉.消费市场上的信息不对称与政府规制[J].消费经济,2005,21(4).
[2]于维军,朱其太等.欧盟对我国动物源性食品全面“封关”引发的思考[J].中国禽业导刊,2002,19(19).
[3]于康震.入世与畜产品质量安全[J].中国禽业导刊,2002,19(19).
[4]贾幼陵.加WIO与我国畜产品安全[J].中国禽业导刊,2002,19(23)：9.
[5]王志刚,王勋.日本食品企业实施HACCP体系认证的现状及其问题[J].中国畜牧杂志,2007,43(17).
[6]吕青,吕婕等.澳大利亚HACCP体系的实施与管理初探[J].食品科技,2007(12).
[7]辛运锋.HACCP体系在中式快餐的应用研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[8]樊永祥,王茂起.HACCP体系在餐饮业食品安全管理中的应用[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2006(1)：1-4.
[9]汪爱娥,程国富等.HACCP体系与我国饲料质量安全[J]冲国家禽,2007,29(24).
[10]沈娟.HAcCP在生猪屠宰加工中的应用[J].肉类研究,2002(2)：44-45.徐幸莲.
[11]段静芸等.生猪屠宰HAcCP体系的建立[J].食品科学,2002(1).
[12]段祥等.屠宰加工厂如何建立和实施HACCP体系[J].肉类工业,2005(2).
[13]李书国,李雪梅.动物性食品安全与HACCP[J].食品科学,2003(8).
[14]盛文伟,陈明亮.HACCP在生猪屠宰加工企业中的应用[J].肉类工业,2003(8).
[15]朱庆芳：社会指标的应用[M], 《中国统计出版社》,1993.
[16]马琳、土泽蓉、梁晚益.着力构建我国食品安全事故预防、预警及应急处置机制[J].中国食品药品监管,2005(6).
[17]邢文英.美国的农产品质量安全可追溯制度[J].世界农业.2006.4.
[18]刘刚.我国立法引入农产品质量安全追溯制度[J].农药市场信息2006.10.
[19]路琨,赵涛.制造型企业产品可追溯性的研究与实现[J].管理技术2006.5.
[20]李兴民,杨洁.猪肉安全生产可追溯系统的研究[J].中国猪业.2006.2.
[21]孙静,陈伟.PDF417二维条码的编码技术及其在Visual Basic下的实现[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版).2005.1.
f22]付利莉.DES算法在二维条码数据加密中的应用方法[J].石油化工高等学校学报.2005(6).
[23]蔡向东.二-维条码技术在金融票据处理中的应用[J].华南金融电脑.2004(6).
[24]杨天和,褚保金.中国农产品质量安全保障体系中的技术创新[J].南京农业大学学报.2005(3).
[25]朱或、孙志永.农产品质量安全全程控制GAP HACCP探索与实践[J].中国农业大学出版社2006(9).
[26]马朝辉.HACCP体系在三类产品中的应用现状[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2002,14(4).
[27]国家认证认可监督管理委员会.食品生产企业危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP).管理体系认证管理规定,2002(5).
[28]王冉.HACCP体系在无公害鸡蛋生产中的运用研究[J].中国畜牧兽医.2004(11).
[29]储硕.蛋鸡生产与养殖环境管理[J].现代农业科技.2008(14).
[30]曾庆孝,许喜林.食品生产的危害分析与关键控制点原理与应用[M].华南理工大学出版社,2000.
[31]Chopra, Sunil, and Peter Meindl, Supply Chain Management:Strategy, Planning, and Operation, Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice-Hall, Inc,2001,
[32]马士华,林勇.供应链管理(第2版)[M].机械工业出版社.2005
[33]Pritchett T.S., Schmit J.T., DoerpinghausH.I., Athearn H.L..Risk Management and Insurance. West Publishing Company,1996
[34]Harrington S.E., Niehaus G.R.. Risk Management and Insurance. McGraw-Hill,1999
[35]阎华红.迈向二十一世纪：中国企业风险与防范[M].工商出版社.1999
[36]金发忠.关于农产品质量安全几个热点问题的理性思考[J].农业质量标准.2005(1)
[37]Jeffreys A.J, V Wilson, SL Thein. Hypervariable'minisatellite'regions in human DNA. Nature 1985. 314:67-73.
[38]Mullis K.,Faloona F,Scharf S, et al; Specific enzymatic amplification of DNAin vitro:the polymerase chain reaction,Cold Spring Harbor Symposia Quantitative Biology,1986.
[2]于维军,朱其太等.欧盟对我国动物源性食品全面“封关”引发的思考[J].中国禽业导刊,2002,19(19).
[3]于康震.入世与畜产品质量安全[J].中国禽业导刊,2002,19(19).
[4]贾幼陵.加WIO与我国畜产品安全[J].中国禽业导刊,2002,19(23)：9.
[5]王志刚,王勋.日本食品企业实施HACCP体系认证的现状及其问题[J].中国畜牧杂志,2007,43(17).
[6]吕青,吕婕等.澳大利亚HACCP体系的实施与管理初探[J].食品科技,2007(12).
[7]辛运锋.HACCP体系在中式快餐的应用研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[8]樊永祥,王茂起.HACCP体系在餐饮业食品安全管理中的应用[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2006(1)：1-4.
[9]汪爱娥,程国富等.HACCP体系与我国饲料质量安全[J]冲国家禽,2007,29(24).
[10]沈娟.HAcCP在生猪屠宰加工中的应用[J].肉类研究,2002(2)：44-45.徐幸莲.
[11]段静芸等.生猪屠宰HAcCP体系的建立[J].食品科学,2002(1).
[12]段祥等.屠宰加工厂如何建立和实施HACCP体系[J].肉类工业,2005(2).
[13]李书国,李雪梅.动物性食品安全与HACCP[J].食品科学,2003(8).
[14]盛文伟,陈明亮.HACCP在生猪屠宰加工企业中的应用[J].肉类工业,2003(8).
[15]朱庆芳：社会指标的应用[M], 《中国统计出版社》,1993.
[16]马琳、土泽蓉、梁晚益.着力构建我国食品安全事故预防、预警及应急处置机制[J].中国食品药品监管,2005(6).
[17]邢文英.美国的农产品质量安全可追溯制度[J].世界农业.2006.4.
[18]刘刚.我国立法引入农产品质量安全追溯制度[J].农药市场信息2006.10.
[19]路琨,赵涛.制造型企业产品可追溯性的研究与实现[J].管理技术2006.5.
[20]李兴民,杨洁.猪肉安全生产可追溯系统的研究[J].中国猪业.2006.2.
[21]孙静,陈伟.PDF417二维条码的编码技术及其在Visual Basic下的实现[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版).2005.1.
f22]付利莉.DES算法在二维条码数据加密中的应用方法[J].石油化工高等学校学报.2005(6).
[23]蔡向东.二-维条码技术在金融票据处理中的应用[J].华南金融电脑.2004(6).
[24]杨天和,褚保金.中国农产品质量安全保障体系中的技术创新[J].南京农业大学学报.2005(3).
[25]朱或、孙志永.农产品质量安全全程控制GAP HACCP探索与实践[J].中国农业大学出版社2006(9).
[26]马朝辉.HACCP体系在三类产品中的应用现状[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2002,14(4).
[27]国家认证认可监督管理委员会.食品生产企业危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP).管理体系认证管理规定,2002(5).
[28]王冉.HACCP体系在无公害鸡蛋生产中的运用研究[J].中国畜牧兽医.2004(11).
[29]储硕.蛋鸡生产与养殖环境管理[J].现代农业科技.2008(14).
[30]曾庆孝,许喜林.食品生产的危害分析与关键控制点原理与应用[M].华南理工大学出版社,2000.
[31]Chopra, Sunil, and Peter Meindl, Supply Chain Management:Strategy, Planning, and Operation, Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice-Hall, Inc,2001,
[32]马士华,林勇.供应链管理(第2版)[M].机械工业出版社.2005
[33]Pritchett T.S., Schmit J.T., DoerpinghausH.I., Athearn H.L..Risk Management and Insurance. West Publishing Company,1996
[34]Harrington S.E., Niehaus G.R.. Risk Management and Insurance. McGraw-Hill,1999
[35]阎华红.迈向二十一世纪：中国企业风险与防范[M].工商出版社.1999
[36]金发忠.关于农产品质量安全几个热点问题的理性思考[J].农业质量标准.2005(1)
[37]Jeffreys A.J, V Wilson, SL Thein. Hypervariable'minisatellite'regions in human DNA. Nature 1985. 314:67-73.
[38]Mullis K.,Faloona F,Scharf S, et al; Specific enzymatic amplification of DNAin vitro:the polymerase chain reaction,Cold Spring Harbor Symposia Quantitative Biology,1986.