抗寒型和天然型种衣剂包膜对超甜玉米种子活力和田间表现的影响
|
摘要
本试验以玉米sh2胚乳突变体(特甜1号利增甜2号)为材料，研究了自配抗寒型种衣剂(6号利7号)和天然型种衣剂(8号和9号)包膜种子在低温逆境条件下对超甜玉米种子发芽、幼苗素质及生理生化变化的影响，大田试验中对田间出苗、幼苗生长发育、产量性状及收获后种子质量的影响。探讨了种子包衣对增加超甜玉米抗低温冷害和产量的作用。结果表明：
种子在低温逆境条件下，两种抗寒型种衣剂处理后，特甜1号的种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、壮苗率，苗高、根数、根体积、苗鲜重、苗干重、根冠比均显著高于未包衣对照，根长显著下降。且种衣剂7号处理的发芽率、活力指数、壮苗率、苗高、根数高于6号，而苗鲜重和苗干重低于6号。两种抗寒型种衣剂处理后，增甜2号的种子发芽率与对照无显著差异，对苗高和根长的影响与特甜1号一致。种衣剂6号处理的根体积和苗干重低于对照，种衣剂7号处理的发芽指数下降、活力指数上升、畸形曲率增加，苗干重增加。种衣剂6号根长短于种衣剂7号。
幼苗在低温逆境条件下，两种抗寒型种衣剂处理后两个品种的质膜相对透性在低温逆境结束后均显著低于对照。低温逆境前，特甜1号的脯氨酸含量高于对照，而增甜2号低于对照；低温逆境后，特甜1号的脯氨酸含量低于对照而增甜2号高于对照；恢复3天后，两个品种两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的脯氨酸含量均低于对照。低温逆境结束后，两个品种两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的过氧化氢酶(CAT)利过氧化物酶(POD)活性均比对照高，而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著比对照减少。
播期一中，两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的增甜2号田间出苗率均比对照下降，种衣剂7号处理的增甜2号出苗指数和田间成苗率下降，而特甜1号田间出苗率增加。两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的两个品种茎长、茎干重和苗鲜重均增加，其中种衣剂6号处理的特甜1号茎干重显著高于种衣剂7号。特甜1号种衣剂处理的理论产量显著增加。播期二中，两个品种两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的田间出苗率、出苗指数和成苗率均提高，苗高、第二叶面积、叶片数、茎干重、苗鲜重和苗干重均显著增加，其中特甜1号种衣剂7号处理的出苗指数显著高于6号，叶片数多于6号。两种抗寒型种衣剂能有效控制苗期虫害。
特甜1号两种抗寒刑种人剂处理的实际l。“茨均提高，增甜2号种衣剂7号处理的理论）“‘
量和实际产量也增加。
种于在低温逆境卜，大然乃师Ph剂89处理后，特甜1号的种于发芽率卜降、畸
形苗上升，根数、根体积、苗鲜重、苗干重和根冠比增加；增甜2号的根数利根体积减
少，苗鲜重、苗干重和根冠比山卜降。种衣剂9号处理后，特甜1号的发芽率、壮苗率、
根数、根体积、苗鲜重、苗干重和根冠比均增加，增甜2号的根体积增加。
幼苗在低温逆境条什卜，两种大然汀州Ik剂对超甜玉米生理生化的影响与两种抗
寒则种衣剂有相同趋势。种衣剂gq处理的根系活力比种衣剂8号高，而POD活性比8
号低。特甜1号中，种衣剂9号处理的＊＊A含量比种衣剂8号处理低；增甜2号中，
种衣剂8号处理的＊＊A含纣比种衣剂9号处理低。
播则一中，种衣剂8号处理的增酬2号田间成苗率－卜降。种衣剂9号处理的特甜
1号田间出苗率和增甜2号的田间成由率均提高；两个品种的出苗孔穴率显著下降，苗
高、第二叶面积、叶片数、牛干重、根鲜重、根干重、苗鲜重和苗干重显著增加，理论
，“量均显著增加。描期二中，种衣剂9号处理的增甜2号田间出苗率、出苗指数和田间
成苗率提高，出苗孔穴率卜降。两种大然江师卜衣剂均有效控制了幼苗虫害率。两种大然
I师11衣剂处理的特甜1号曲高和第－i 11 面积以及增甜2号l汁片数和根数增加。两个品种
种衣剂9号处理的茎干重、根干重、削地和的干巫显著增加，实际产量均显著提高。
两种大然地种衣剂处理后，IJH品种收获后种－厂的发芽率和千粒巫好丁或与对照无显著差
异。
The effects of seed film coating by cold-resistant (No.6 and No.7 ) and natural matter coating agent (No.8 and No.9) on germination, seedling quality and physiological and biochemical changes in supersweet corn, cv. Tetian No. 1 and Zengtian No.2 (with sh2 gene), were investigated under low temperature stress condition (at 5~6"C). The effects of the seed film coating on seedling emergence and establishment, plant development, yield and vigor of harvested seeds were also studied in field experiment with two sowing stages. Main results obtained are as follows:
After germinating seeds met low temperature stress, the percentage germination, germination index, vigor index, vigorous seedling percentage, seedling radical number and volume, fresh and dry weight of total seedling and dry weight ratio of root to shoot in Tetian No.l treated by both cold-resistant coating agents were significantly higher than that in the uncoated controls. Between cold-resistant coating agents No.6 and No.7, coating agent No.7 was better than No.6 in percentage germination, vigor index, vigorous seedling percentage, radical number, coating agent No.6 was better than No.7 in fresh and dry weight of seedling. The decline of root volume and seedling dry weight in treatment of coating agent No.6 was observed, the increase of abnormal seedling, vigor index and seedling dry weight and the decling of germination index in treatment coating agent No.7 was also observed in Zengtian No.2. Two cold-resistant coating agents elevated shoot height and decreased seedling radical length in two varieties.
After seedling met low temperature stress, two varieties treated by two cold-resistant coating agents maintained a lower level in the relative permeability of plasmmembrane before and after the stress and recovering growth for three days as compared with the control. The proline content increasing in Tetian No. 1 was less than that in Zengtian No.2 after treated in two cold-resistant coating agents in low temperature stress. Both cold-resistant coating agent keeped radical vigor in a higher level and protected chlorophyll in two varieties The activities ofcatalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in seedling treated by two cold-resistant coating agents were higher than that in the control after low temperature stress, however, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower than that in control at all time.
In the first sowing stage, both cold-resistant coating agent decreased seedling emergence percentage in Zengtian No.2. The seedling emergence index and stand establishment was declined in Zengtian No.2, the seedling emergence was increased in Tetian No.l after treated by coating agent No.7. In the second sowing stage, seedling emergence, seedling emergence index and stand establishment were improved by both cold-resistant coating agent in two varieties. In the two sowing stages, two cold-resistant coating agents accelerated seedling growing, improved seedling quality and controlled pest damage effectively. In the first sowing stage, the theoretical yields of Tetian No.l coated with coating agent No.6 was significantly enhanced. In the second sowing stage, real yields of Tetian No.l was increased by two cold-resistant coating agents, theoretical and real yields were significantly enhanced by coating agent No.7.
After germinating seeds met low temperature stress, germination was declined and abnormal seedling percentage, fresh and dry weight of seedling and dry weight ratio of shoot to root were increased in Tetian No.l treated by coating agent No.8. After treated by coating agent No.9, germination, vigorous seedling, root number, root volume, fresh and dry seedling weight and dry weight ratio of shoot to root were increased in Tetian No. 1, the increase of root volume was observed in Zengtian No.2. After seedling met low temperature stress, two natural matter coating agents were similar to two cold-resistant coating agents in physiological and biochemical changes.
In the first sowing stage, coating agent No.8 significantly decreased stand establishment pe
种子在低温逆境条件下，两种抗寒型种衣剂处理后，特甜1号的种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、壮苗率，苗高、根数、根体积、苗鲜重、苗干重、根冠比均显著高于未包衣对照，根长显著下降。且种衣剂7号处理的发芽率、活力指数、壮苗率、苗高、根数高于6号，而苗鲜重和苗干重低于6号。两种抗寒型种衣剂处理后，增甜2号的种子发芽率与对照无显著差异，对苗高和根长的影响与特甜1号一致。种衣剂6号处理的根体积和苗干重低于对照，种衣剂7号处理的发芽指数下降、活力指数上升、畸形曲率增加，苗干重增加。种衣剂6号根长短于种衣剂7号。
幼苗在低温逆境条件下，两种抗寒型种衣剂处理后两个品种的质膜相对透性在低温逆境结束后均显著低于对照。低温逆境前，特甜1号的脯氨酸含量高于对照，而增甜2号低于对照；低温逆境后，特甜1号的脯氨酸含量低于对照而增甜2号高于对照；恢复3天后，两个品种两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的脯氨酸含量均低于对照。低温逆境结束后，两个品种两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的过氧化氢酶(CAT)利过氧化物酶(POD)活性均比对照高，而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著比对照减少。
播期一中，两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的增甜2号田间出苗率均比对照下降，种衣剂7号处理的增甜2号出苗指数和田间成苗率下降，而特甜1号田间出苗率增加。两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的两个品种茎长、茎干重和苗鲜重均增加，其中种衣剂6号处理的特甜1号茎干重显著高于种衣剂7号。特甜1号种衣剂处理的理论产量显著增加。播期二中，两个品种两种抗寒型种衣剂处理的田间出苗率、出苗指数和成苗率均提高，苗高、第二叶面积、叶片数、茎干重、苗鲜重和苗干重均显著增加，其中特甜1号种衣剂7号处理的出苗指数显著高于6号，叶片数多于6号。两种抗寒型种衣剂能有效控制苗期虫害。
特甜1号两种抗寒刑种人剂处理的实际l。“茨均提高，增甜2号种衣剂7号处理的理论）“‘
量和实际产量也增加。
种于在低温逆境卜，大然乃师Ph剂89处理后，特甜1号的种于发芽率卜降、畸
形苗上升，根数、根体积、苗鲜重、苗干重和根冠比增加；增甜2号的根数利根体积减
少，苗鲜重、苗干重和根冠比山卜降。种衣剂9号处理后，特甜1号的发芽率、壮苗率、
根数、根体积、苗鲜重、苗干重和根冠比均增加，增甜2号的根体积增加。
幼苗在低温逆境条什卜，两种大然汀州Ik剂对超甜玉米生理生化的影响与两种抗
寒则种衣剂有相同趋势。种衣剂gq处理的根系活力比种衣剂8号高，而POD活性比8
号低。特甜1号中，种衣剂9号处理的＊＊A含量比种衣剂8号处理低；增甜2号中，
种衣剂8号处理的＊＊A含纣比种衣剂9号处理低。
播则一中，种衣剂8号处理的增酬2号田间成苗率－卜降。种衣剂9号处理的特甜
1号田间出苗率和增甜2号的田间成由率均提高；两个品种的出苗孔穴率显著下降，苗
高、第二叶面积、叶片数、牛干重、根鲜重、根干重、苗鲜重和苗干重显著增加，理论
，“量均显著增加。描期二中，种衣剂9号处理的增甜2号田间出苗率、出苗指数和田间
成苗率提高，出苗孔穴率卜降。两种大然江师卜衣剂均有效控制了幼苗虫害率。两种大然
I师11衣剂处理的特甜1号曲高和第－i 11 面积以及增甜2号l汁片数和根数增加。两个品种
种衣剂9号处理的茎干重、根干重、削地和的干巫显著增加，实际产量均显著提高。
两种大然地种衣剂处理后，IJH品种收获后种－厂的发芽率和千粒巫好丁或与对照无显著差
异。
The effects of seed film coating by cold-resistant (No.6 and No.7 ) and natural matter coating agent (No.8 and No.9) on germination, seedling quality and physiological and biochemical changes in supersweet corn, cv. Tetian No. 1 and Zengtian No.2 (with sh2 gene), were investigated under low temperature stress condition (at 5~6"C). The effects of the seed film coating on seedling emergence and establishment, plant development, yield and vigor of harvested seeds were also studied in field experiment with two sowing stages. Main results obtained are as follows:
After germinating seeds met low temperature stress, the percentage germination, germination index, vigor index, vigorous seedling percentage, seedling radical number and volume, fresh and dry weight of total seedling and dry weight ratio of root to shoot in Tetian No.l treated by both cold-resistant coating agents were significantly higher than that in the uncoated controls. Between cold-resistant coating agents No.6 and No.7, coating agent No.7 was better than No.6 in percentage germination, vigor index, vigorous seedling percentage, radical number, coating agent No.6 was better than No.7 in fresh and dry weight of seedling. The decline of root volume and seedling dry weight in treatment of coating agent No.6 was observed, the increase of abnormal seedling, vigor index and seedling dry weight and the decling of germination index in treatment coating agent No.7 was also observed in Zengtian No.2. Two cold-resistant coating agents elevated shoot height and decreased seedling radical length in two varieties.
After seedling met low temperature stress, two varieties treated by two cold-resistant coating agents maintained a lower level in the relative permeability of plasmmembrane before and after the stress and recovering growth for three days as compared with the control. The proline content increasing in Tetian No. 1 was less than that in Zengtian No.2 after treated in two cold-resistant coating agents in low temperature stress. Both cold-resistant coating agent keeped radical vigor in a higher level and protected chlorophyll in two varieties The activities ofcatalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in seedling treated by two cold-resistant coating agents were higher than that in the control after low temperature stress, however, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower than that in control at all time.
In the first sowing stage, both cold-resistant coating agent decreased seedling emergence percentage in Zengtian No.2. The seedling emergence index and stand establishment was declined in Zengtian No.2, the seedling emergence was increased in Tetian No.l after treated by coating agent No.7. In the second sowing stage, seedling emergence, seedling emergence index and stand establishment were improved by both cold-resistant coating agent in two varieties. In the two sowing stages, two cold-resistant coating agents accelerated seedling growing, improved seedling quality and controlled pest damage effectively. In the first sowing stage, the theoretical yields of Tetian No.l coated with coating agent No.6 was significantly enhanced. In the second sowing stage, real yields of Tetian No.l was increased by two cold-resistant coating agents, theoretical and real yields were significantly enhanced by coating agent No.7.
After germinating seeds met low temperature stress, germination was declined and abnormal seedling percentage, fresh and dry weight of seedling and dry weight ratio of shoot to root were increased in Tetian No.l treated by coating agent No.8. After treated by coating agent No.9, germination, vigorous seedling, root number, root volume, fresh and dry seedling weight and dry weight ratio of shoot to root were increased in Tetian No. 1, the increase of root volume was observed in Zengtian No.2. After seedling met low temperature stress, two natural matter coating agents were similar to two cold-resistant coating agents in physiological and biochemical changes.
In the first sowing stage, coating agent No.8 significantly decreased stand establishment pe
引文
1．白宝璋，史芝文主编。植物生理学。中国科学技术出版社，1992。230～231
2．波钦诺克编(荆加海，丁钟荣译)。植物生物化学分析方法。科学出版社，1981。95-101
3．蔡素琴，胡晋。萌发种子的冷害及其预防。种子，1999，(5)：36～38
4．柴平海，张文清，金鑫荣。甲壳素／壳聚糖开发和研究的新动向。化学通报，1999，(7)：8～11
5．柴士俊。种衣剂产品质量问题及对策研究。种子科技，1998，(6)：11～12
6．常显民，Karol WD, Krystyna T, Hanna D。天然物质作为包衣材料对黄瓜种子发芽出苗及健康度的影响。种子，2000，(5)：10～12
7．陈玲，李秀春。大豆种子包衣种植的效果探讨。种子，1993，(3)：40
8．陈少俗。脂质过氧化对植物细胞的毒害。植物生理学通讯，1991，(2)：84
9．陈义明。甜玉米乳熟期主要营养成分含量的研究初报。中国蔬菜，1990，(5)：23～24
10．程旺大，陆建贤。不同类型种衣剂在直播水稻上的应用效果。种子，1998，(2)：63～65
11．崔彦宏，周海，李伯航。甜玉米籽粒的营养品质及其影响因素。河北农业大学学报，1996，19(4)：99～103
12．段新芳。甲壳素和壳聚糖的研究及其在农林业中的应用。世界林业研究，1998，(3)：9～14
13．樊龙江，颜启传，臧荣春，徐媛。超甜玉米种子活力低下原因研究。浙江农业大学学报，1998，24(1)：31～34
14．樊龙江，颜启传，臧荣春等。甜玉米种子活力低下原因及提高其田间出苗率研究。作物学报，1998，24(1)：104～109
15．冯固，白灯莎，杨茂秋等。盐胁迫下AM真菌对玉米生长及耐盐生理指标的影响。作物学报，2000，26(6)：742～750
16．高妙真。玉米冷害机理及化学控制预防的效应。东北农学院学报，1989，20(4)：42～43
17．高素华，郭建平，张国民等。低温对玉米幼苗生理反应的影响，应用气象学报。1999，10(2)：238～242
18．高素华，郭建平。低温对玉米种子发芽的影响。气象，1998，24(5)：52～55
19．高素华，郭建平。稀土在抗低温冷害中的应用。气象，2000，26(12)：8～11
20．高素华。玉米低温冷害机理研究综述。气象科技，1997，(4)：37～43
21．谷登斌，李怀记。种子包衣技术及发展应用。种子，2000，(1)：26～29
22．胡晋，蔡素琴。超甜玉米种子低温吸胀的生理生化变化。作物学报，2001，27(3)：371～376
23．胡文玉，吴娇莲。壳聚糖的性质和用途及其在农业上的应用前景。植物生理学通讯，1994，30(4)：294～296
24．怀雁，吴河元，汪尔正。营养复合型生物种衣剂包衣处理玉米种子效益初报。种子，2000，8(1)：72～73
25．黄凤莲，戴良英，罗宽。药剂诱导水稻幼苗抗寒机制研究。作物学报，2000，26(1)：92～97
26．黄丽萍，刘宗明。甲壳质、壳聚糖在农业上的应用。天然产物研究与开发，1999，11(5)：60～64
27．纪明山，陈捷，程根武等。壳聚糖浸种对玉米幼苗根系中几种防御酶活性的影响。沈阳农业大学学报，1999，30(3)：200～203
28．纪明山，陈捷，程根武等。种衣剂防治玉米病虫害试验。玉米科学，1999，7(4)：73～75
29．乐素菊，张壁，王斌。储播条件对超甜玉米种子田间出苗率和幼苗整齐度的影响。种子，2002，(1)：65～67
30．李德耀，叶济宇。薄膜氧电极的制作与呼吸或光合的控制。植物生理学通讯，1980，(1)：35～40
31．李金玉，刘西莉，刘桂英。种衣剂和包衣种子质量标准研究。世界农业，1997，(12)：17～19
32．李金玉，沈其益，刘桂英等。中国种衣剂技术进展与展望。农药，1999，(4)：1～5
33．廖春燕，马国瑞，陈美慈，洪文英。不同分子量壳聚糖对几种植物病原真菌的拮抗作用。浙江农业科学，2001，13(3)：172～175
34．林衍华。甲壳素与壳聚糖的开发与利用。国土与自然资源研究，1992，(4)：54～59
35．刘纪麟主编。玉米育种学。农业出版社，1991。360～361
36．刘建民，董小平主编。种子处理科学原理与技术。中国农业出版社，1997。1～12
37．刘宁，高玉葆，贾彩霞，任安芝。渗透胁迫下多花黑麦草叶内过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸含量以及质膜相对透性的变化。植物生理学通讯，2000，(1)：11～14
38．刘玉涛。多功能种衣剂对旱地玉米萌发生长及产量的影响。玉米科学，2000，8(4)：85～86
39．陆卫平，张其龙，卢家栋等。玉米群体根系活力与物质积累及产量的关系。作物学报，1999，25(6)：718～722
40．吕伟，王德芳，高宝岩，张凯。种子包衣技术的应用与发展。天津农林科技，1997，(4)：39～41
41．罗宽，邹应斌。作物抗寒剂筛选试验。湖南农学院学报，1995，21(3)：266～271
42．骆广生，高春满。壳聚糖制备及加工工艺的研究。天然产物研究与开发，1994，(6)：84～89
43．彭靖。甲壳素资源综合利用现状与对策。资源开发与保护，1993，(1)：25～27
44．曲力涛，白容霖，张慧丽等。增产菌在玉米上应用的效果。玉米科学，1999，7(4)：47～49
45．任大明，玉术，刘江等。有效微生物群在玉米生产中作用机理研究。1999，7(1)：62～64
46．山东农业科学院主编。中国玉米栽培学。上海科学技术出版社，1986。390～392
47．师素云，薛启汉。壳聚糖对玉米的生长调节作用。天然药物研究与开发，1999，(2)：32～35
48．师素云，薛启汉。羧甲基壳聚糖对玉米的生理调节功能初探。中国农业大学学报，1997，2(5)：1～6
49．施振云，王德君。联合固氮菌剂拌种对玉米苗期生长和产量的影响。玉米科学，2000，8(1)：69～71
50．宋文坚，周伟军，胡晋。作物种子包衣技术的研究与应用。见：程家安，周伟军主编。跨世纪农业发展研究。中国环境科学出版社，1998。171～175
51．陶宗娅，邹琦。种子的吸胀冷害和吸胀伤害。植物生理学通讯，2000，36(4)：368～376
52．佟屏亚，程延年主编。玉米生育和产量模型。中国农业出版社，1997。167
53．佟屏亚，罗振锋，矫树凯。现代玉米生产。中国农业科技出版社，1998。78～79
54．王春乙，郭建平，马树庆等。玉米抗低温助长剂田间试验研究。自然灾害学报，2001，10(1)：80～85
55．王连敏，王立志，张国民等。抗寒剂在玉米幼苗上应用效果的研究。玉米科学，1998，(4)：45～47
56．王连敏，王立志，张国民等。苗期低温对玉米体内脯氨酸、电导率及光合作用的影响。中国农业气象，1999，20(2)：28～30
57．王晓丽，苟琳。种农剂对玉米幼苗某些酶活性及苗体生长的影响。种子，2000，(1)：18～20
58．熊远福，邹应斌，唐启源等。种衣剂及其作用机制。种子，2001，(2)：35～37
59．许为藜，张志高。壳聚糖包衣大豆种子的萌发及幼苗生理特性。中国油料，1997，19(3)：44～45，49
60．禤维言，冯斗，陈念平。芸薹素对超甜玉米萌发和幼苗生长的效应。种子，2001，(2)：24～25
61．薛应龙主编。植物生理学实验手册。上海科学技术出版社，1985。138～139
62．薛珠政，卢和顶，林建新，杨人震。种植密度对玉米单株和群体效应的影响。玉米科学，1999，7(2)：52～54
63．严淑兰，陆大年。甲壳素／壳聚糖的应用。广西纺织科技，2000，29(2)：38～40
64．颜启传主编。种子学。中国农业出版社，2001。103～105
65．杨越冬。甲壳素／壳聚糖特性及其在农业中的应用(综述)。河北农业技术师范学院学报，1998，12(4)：55～59
66．张国民，王连敏，王立志等。苗期低温对玉米叶绿素含量及生长发育的影响。黑龙江农业科学，2000，(1)：10～12
67．张文明。种子包衣、丸化技术。种子，1998，(2)：66～67
68．张效梅，张美玲。建立甜玉米良性生态循环体系的研究。山西农业大学学报，1996，16(1)：88～91
69．张毅，戴俊英，苏正淑。灌浆期低温对玉米籽粒的伤害作用。作物学报，1995，21(1)：71～73
70．赵保路主编。氧自由基和天然抗氧化剂。科学出版社，1999。前言
71．赵海滨，祁适鱼，肖志敏等。农作物种衣剂的研制与应用。1997，(3)：4～6
72．赵瑞芝，王中彦，胡良才。甲壳素及其衍生物作为缓释辅料的研究进展。国外医药——合成药、生化药、制剂分册，1996，17(3)：176～178
73．郑连英，朱江峰，孙昆山。壳聚糖的抗菌性能研究。材料科学与工程，2000，18(2)：22～24
74．郑铁军。玉米种衣剂对种子萌发和生长的影响。玉米科学，1997，5(2)：50～52
75．中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 3543．1～3543．7—1995，农作物种子检验规程。中国标准出版社，1995。34～53
76. Barber M S, Bertram R E, Ride J P. Chitin oligosaccharides elicit lignification in wounded wheat leaves. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 1989, 34:3～12
77. Bencel E, Citharel J. Embryonic protein composition and synthesis during imbibition of white lupin seeds: effects of low temperatures. Seed Abstracts, 1998, 21 (4): 173
78. Bol J F, Linthorst H J M, Comelissen B J C. Plant pathogenesis-related proteins induced
by virus infection. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 1990, 28:113-118
79． Branlage W J, Leopold A C, Parish D J. Chilling stress to soybeans during imbibition. Plant Physiol, 1978, 61:525-529
80． Bronner R, Westphal E, Dreger F. Chitosan, a component of the compatible interaction between Solatium dulcamara L. and the gall mite Eriophyes cladophirus Nal. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 1989,34:117-130
81． Callan N H, Mathre D E, Miller J B. Field performance of sweet com seed bio-primed and coated with Pseudomonas fluorescens AB254． Hortscience, 1991, 26(9) ; 1163-1165
82． Chabot J F, Leopold A C. Ultrastructural aspects of chilling injury in the soybean seed radical. Amer J Bot, 1985, 72(7) : 1120-1126
83． Chern G S, Sung F J M. Prevention of injury during imbibition in shrunken-2 corn seed by osmotic control of water uptake. Seed Sci.& Technol, 1991, 19: 469-476
84． Christiansen M N. Periods of sensitivity to chilling in germinating cotton. Plant physiol, 1967,42:431-433
85． Cohn M A, Obendorf R L. Independence of imbibitional chilling injury and energy metabolism in com. Crop Sci, 1976, 16:449-452
86． Cohn M A, Obendorf R L. Occurrence of stellar lesion during imbibitional chilling of Zea mays L.. Amer J Bot, 1978,65:50-56
87． Collins G C, Nie X L, Saltveit M E. Heat shock increases chilling tolerance of mung bean hypocotyls tissue. Physiol. Plant., 1993, 89:117-124
88． Dey G, Mukherjee R K. Scanning electron microscopy of soybean seed coat to study imbibitional injury. Seed Res, 1989, 17(2) : 199-203
89． Dorffling K, Flores A, Gran A et al. Effect new synthetic abacisic acid analogues in combination with tetcyelaces on chilling and freezing resistance in crop plant. Acta Horticulture, 1989,239:187-196
90． Duke S H, Kakefuda G, Harvey T M. Differential leakage of intracellular substances from imbibing soybean seeds. Plant Physiol, 1983, 72:919-924
91． Duke S H, Kakefuda G. Role of the testa in preventing cellular rupture during imbibition of legume seeds. Plant Physiol, 1981, 67:449-456
92． Freepons D. Enhancing food production with chitosan seed-carting technology. In: Donald Freepons(ed). Application of Chitin and Chitosan, Lancaster: Technomic. Publishing Company inc, 1997． 129-139
93． Halmer P. Technical and commercial aspects of seed pelleting and film-coating. Agritrade, 1987 , (9) : 191-204
94． Hodges D M, AndrewsC J, Johnson D A, Hamilton R I. Sensitivity of maize to chilling and their combining abilities at two developmental stages. Crop Sci, 1997, 37:850-856
95． Ishimoto N. Calper: the agent based on calcium peroxide. Japanese Pesticide Information, 1982,41:25-28
96． Jennings P, Saltveit M E. Temperature and chemical shocks induce chilling tolerance in germinating Cucumis sativus(cv. Poinsett 76) seeds. Plant Physiol, 1994, 91: 703-707
97． Khan A A, Ilyas S, Ptasznik W. Integrating low water potential seed hydration with other treatment to improve cold tolerance. Ann Bot, 1995, 75(1) :13-19
98． Kidd F, West C. The influence of temperature on soaking of seed. New Phytol, 1919, 18:35-39
99． Knoor D, Tertonico R A. Chitosan immobilization and permeabilization of amaranthus tricolor. J Agri Food Chem, 1986, 34:96-97
100． Kohle H, Jeblick W, Potent F et al. Chitin-elicited callose synthesis in soybean cells as a Ca2+-dependent process. Plant physiol, 1985, 77:544-551
101． Leach L D. Growth rates of host and pathogen on factors determining the severity of pre-emergence damping-off. J Agr Res, 1947, 75:161-179
102． Luzzati V, Husson F. The structure of the liquid crystalling phases of the lipid-water systems. J Cell Biol, 1962, 12:207-219
103． Miller R W, Roche J D L, Pomeroy M K. Structural and functional responses of wheat mitochodrial membranes to growth at low temperature. Plant Physiol, 1974, 53:426-433
104． Nakamura Y, Murase H, Shibusawa S. Direct seeding with coated rice in submerged paddy field. Agricultural Mechanic In Asia, Africa and Latin America, 1983, 14(4) :11-14
105． Nicole B, Georges T. Treatment with chitosan enhances resistance of tomato plants to the crown and root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Radicis-lycopersici. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 1992,41:33-52
106． Parera C A, Cantliffe D J. Improved germination and modified imbibition of shrunked-2 sweet corn by seed disinfection and solid matrix priming. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 1991, 116(6) :942-945
107． Paula M D, Perez O M, Darder M et al. Function of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in aged sunflower seeds. Physiol. Plant., 1996, 96:543-550
108． Pawlina L M, Proulx G. Study of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) feeding preference to natural color and guard coat blue coated seeds. Crop Production, 1996, 15 (2) : 143-146
109． Petruzzelli L, Harren F. Alleviation of chilling injury by ethephon in pea seeds. Seed Abstracts, 1998, 21(1) :17
110． Pollock B M. Imbibition temperature sensitivity of lima bean seed moisture. Plant Physiol, 1969,44:907-911
111． Powell A A, Mathewa S. The damaging effect of water on dry pea embryos during imbibition. J Exp Bot, 1978, 29:1215-1229
112． Ralph L, Nicholson, Raymond H. Phenolic compounds and their role in disease resistance. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 1992,30:369-389
113． Roskruge C L, Smith M T. Peroxidative changes associated with chilling injury in soybean seeds during imbibition. Seed Abstracts, 1998, 21(6) :265
114． Simon E W, Raja H R M. Leakage during seed imbibition. JExp Bot, 1972,23:1076-1085
115． Simon E W. Phospholipids and plant membrane permeability. New Phytol, 1974, 73:377-420
116． Thornton J M, Powell A A. Short-term aerated hytration for the improvement of seed quality in Brassica oleracea L.. Seed Sci Technol, 1992, 2(1) :41-49
117． Trevor E, Kraus R, Austin F. Paclobutrazol protects wheat seedlings from heat and paraquat injury is detoxification of active oxygen involved. Plant Cell Physiology, 1994, 35(1) : 45-52．
118． William J B, Carl L, David J P. Chilling stress to soybeans during imbibition. Plant Physiol., 1978,61:525-529
119． Wilson D O, Mohan S K. Unique seed quality problem of sh2 sweet corn. Seed Technol., 1998, 20(2) :176-186
120． Zheng G H. Physiological, biological and ultrastructural aspects of imbibitional chilling injury in seeds: a review of work carried out at the Beijing botanical garden. Seed Abstracts, 1991,14(10) :42
2．波钦诺克编(荆加海，丁钟荣译)。植物生物化学分析方法。科学出版社，1981。95-101
3．蔡素琴，胡晋。萌发种子的冷害及其预防。种子，1999，(5)：36～38
4．柴平海，张文清，金鑫荣。甲壳素／壳聚糖开发和研究的新动向。化学通报，1999，(7)：8～11
5．柴士俊。种衣剂产品质量问题及对策研究。种子科技，1998，(6)：11～12
6．常显民，Karol WD, Krystyna T, Hanna D。天然物质作为包衣材料对黄瓜种子发芽出苗及健康度的影响。种子，2000，(5)：10～12
7．陈玲，李秀春。大豆种子包衣种植的效果探讨。种子，1993，(3)：40
8．陈少俗。脂质过氧化对植物细胞的毒害。植物生理学通讯，1991，(2)：84
9．陈义明。甜玉米乳熟期主要营养成分含量的研究初报。中国蔬菜，1990，(5)：23～24
10．程旺大，陆建贤。不同类型种衣剂在直播水稻上的应用效果。种子，1998，(2)：63～65
11．崔彦宏，周海，李伯航。甜玉米籽粒的营养品质及其影响因素。河北农业大学学报，1996，19(4)：99～103
12．段新芳。甲壳素和壳聚糖的研究及其在农林业中的应用。世界林业研究，1998，(3)：9～14
13．樊龙江，颜启传，臧荣春，徐媛。超甜玉米种子活力低下原因研究。浙江农业大学学报，1998，24(1)：31～34
14．樊龙江，颜启传，臧荣春等。甜玉米种子活力低下原因及提高其田间出苗率研究。作物学报，1998，24(1)：104～109
15．冯固，白灯莎，杨茂秋等。盐胁迫下AM真菌对玉米生长及耐盐生理指标的影响。作物学报，2000，26(6)：742～750
16．高妙真。玉米冷害机理及化学控制预防的效应。东北农学院学报，1989，20(4)：42～43
17．高素华，郭建平，张国民等。低温对玉米幼苗生理反应的影响，应用气象学报。1999，10(2)：238～242
18．高素华，郭建平。低温对玉米种子发芽的影响。气象，1998，24(5)：52～55
19．高素华，郭建平。稀土在抗低温冷害中的应用。气象，2000，26(12)：8～11
20．高素华。玉米低温冷害机理研究综述。气象科技，1997，(4)：37～43
21．谷登斌，李怀记。种子包衣技术及发展应用。种子，2000，(1)：26～29
22．胡晋，蔡素琴。超甜玉米种子低温吸胀的生理生化变化。作物学报，2001，27(3)：371～376
23．胡文玉，吴娇莲。壳聚糖的性质和用途及其在农业上的应用前景。植物生理学通讯，1994，30(4)：294～296
24．怀雁，吴河元，汪尔正。营养复合型生物种衣剂包衣处理玉米种子效益初报。种子，2000，8(1)：72～73
25．黄凤莲，戴良英，罗宽。药剂诱导水稻幼苗抗寒机制研究。作物学报，2000，26(1)：92～97
26．黄丽萍，刘宗明。甲壳质、壳聚糖在农业上的应用。天然产物研究与开发，1999，11(5)：60～64
27．纪明山，陈捷，程根武等。壳聚糖浸种对玉米幼苗根系中几种防御酶活性的影响。沈阳农业大学学报，1999，30(3)：200～203
28．纪明山，陈捷，程根武等。种衣剂防治玉米病虫害试验。玉米科学，1999，7(4)：73～75
29．乐素菊，张壁，王斌。储播条件对超甜玉米种子田间出苗率和幼苗整齐度的影响。种子，2002，(1)：65～67
30．李德耀，叶济宇。薄膜氧电极的制作与呼吸或光合的控制。植物生理学通讯，1980，(1)：35～40
31．李金玉，刘西莉，刘桂英。种衣剂和包衣种子质量标准研究。世界农业，1997，(12)：17～19
32．李金玉，沈其益，刘桂英等。中国种衣剂技术进展与展望。农药，1999，(4)：1～5
33．廖春燕，马国瑞，陈美慈，洪文英。不同分子量壳聚糖对几种植物病原真菌的拮抗作用。浙江农业科学，2001，13(3)：172～175
34．林衍华。甲壳素与壳聚糖的开发与利用。国土与自然资源研究，1992，(4)：54～59
35．刘纪麟主编。玉米育种学。农业出版社，1991。360～361
36．刘建民，董小平主编。种子处理科学原理与技术。中国农业出版社，1997。1～12
37．刘宁，高玉葆，贾彩霞，任安芝。渗透胁迫下多花黑麦草叶内过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸含量以及质膜相对透性的变化。植物生理学通讯，2000，(1)：11～14
38．刘玉涛。多功能种衣剂对旱地玉米萌发生长及产量的影响。玉米科学，2000，8(4)：85～86
39．陆卫平，张其龙，卢家栋等。玉米群体根系活力与物质积累及产量的关系。作物学报，1999，25(6)：718～722
40．吕伟，王德芳，高宝岩，张凯。种子包衣技术的应用与发展。天津农林科技，1997，(4)：39～41
41．罗宽，邹应斌。作物抗寒剂筛选试验。湖南农学院学报，1995，21(3)：266～271
42．骆广生，高春满。壳聚糖制备及加工工艺的研究。天然产物研究与开发，1994，(6)：84～89
43．彭靖。甲壳素资源综合利用现状与对策。资源开发与保护，1993，(1)：25～27
44．曲力涛，白容霖，张慧丽等。增产菌在玉米上应用的效果。玉米科学，1999，7(4)：47～49
45．任大明，玉术，刘江等。有效微生物群在玉米生产中作用机理研究。1999，7(1)：62～64
46．山东农业科学院主编。中国玉米栽培学。上海科学技术出版社，1986。390～392
47．师素云，薛启汉。壳聚糖对玉米的生长调节作用。天然药物研究与开发，1999，(2)：32～35
48．师素云，薛启汉。羧甲基壳聚糖对玉米的生理调节功能初探。中国农业大学学报，1997，2(5)：1～6
49．施振云，王德君。联合固氮菌剂拌种对玉米苗期生长和产量的影响。玉米科学，2000，8(1)：69～71
50．宋文坚，周伟军，胡晋。作物种子包衣技术的研究与应用。见：程家安，周伟军主编。跨世纪农业发展研究。中国环境科学出版社，1998。171～175
51．陶宗娅，邹琦。种子的吸胀冷害和吸胀伤害。植物生理学通讯，2000，36(4)：368～376
52．佟屏亚，程延年主编。玉米生育和产量模型。中国农业出版社，1997。167
53．佟屏亚，罗振锋，矫树凯。现代玉米生产。中国农业科技出版社，1998。78～79
54．王春乙，郭建平，马树庆等。玉米抗低温助长剂田间试验研究。自然灾害学报，2001，10(1)：80～85
55．王连敏，王立志，张国民等。抗寒剂在玉米幼苗上应用效果的研究。玉米科学，1998，(4)：45～47
56．王连敏，王立志，张国民等。苗期低温对玉米体内脯氨酸、电导率及光合作用的影响。中国农业气象，1999，20(2)：28～30
57．王晓丽，苟琳。种农剂对玉米幼苗某些酶活性及苗体生长的影响。种子，2000，(1)：18～20
58．熊远福，邹应斌，唐启源等。种衣剂及其作用机制。种子，2001，(2)：35～37
59．许为藜，张志高。壳聚糖包衣大豆种子的萌发及幼苗生理特性。中国油料，1997，19(3)：44～45，49
60．禤维言，冯斗，陈念平。芸薹素对超甜玉米萌发和幼苗生长的效应。种子，2001，(2)：24～25
61．薛应龙主编。植物生理学实验手册。上海科学技术出版社，1985。138～139
62．薛珠政，卢和顶，林建新，杨人震。种植密度对玉米单株和群体效应的影响。玉米科学，1999，7(2)：52～54
63．严淑兰，陆大年。甲壳素／壳聚糖的应用。广西纺织科技，2000，29(2)：38～40
64．颜启传主编。种子学。中国农业出版社，2001。103～105
65．杨越冬。甲壳素／壳聚糖特性及其在农业中的应用(综述)。河北农业技术师范学院学报，1998，12(4)：55～59
66．张国民，王连敏，王立志等。苗期低温对玉米叶绿素含量及生长发育的影响。黑龙江农业科学，2000，(1)：10～12
67．张文明。种子包衣、丸化技术。种子，1998，(2)：66～67
68．张效梅，张美玲。建立甜玉米良性生态循环体系的研究。山西农业大学学报，1996，16(1)：88～91
69．张毅，戴俊英，苏正淑。灌浆期低温对玉米籽粒的伤害作用。作物学报，1995，21(1)：71～73
70．赵保路主编。氧自由基和天然抗氧化剂。科学出版社，1999。前言
71．赵海滨，祁适鱼，肖志敏等。农作物种衣剂的研制与应用。1997，(3)：4～6
72．赵瑞芝，王中彦，胡良才。甲壳素及其衍生物作为缓释辅料的研究进展。国外医药——合成药、生化药、制剂分册，1996，17(3)：176～178
73．郑连英，朱江峰，孙昆山。壳聚糖的抗菌性能研究。材料科学与工程，2000，18(2)：22～24
74．郑铁军。玉米种衣剂对种子萌发和生长的影响。玉米科学，1997，5(2)：50～52
75．中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 3543．1～3543．7—1995，农作物种子检验规程。中国标准出版社，1995。34～53
76. Barber M S, Bertram R E, Ride J P. Chitin oligosaccharides elicit lignification in wounded wheat leaves. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 1989, 34:3～12
77. Bencel E, Citharel J. Embryonic protein composition and synthesis during imbibition of white lupin seeds: effects of low temperatures. Seed Abstracts, 1998, 21 (4): 173
78. Bol J F, Linthorst H J M, Comelissen B J C. Plant pathogenesis-related proteins induced
by virus infection. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 1990, 28:113-118
79． Branlage W J, Leopold A C, Parish D J. Chilling stress to soybeans during imbibition. Plant Physiol, 1978, 61:525-529
80． Bronner R, Westphal E, Dreger F. Chitosan, a component of the compatible interaction between Solatium dulcamara L. and the gall mite Eriophyes cladophirus Nal. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 1989,34:117-130
81． Callan N H, Mathre D E, Miller J B. Field performance of sweet com seed bio-primed and coated with Pseudomonas fluorescens AB254． Hortscience, 1991, 26(9) ; 1163-1165
82． Chabot J F, Leopold A C. Ultrastructural aspects of chilling injury in the soybean seed radical. Amer J Bot, 1985, 72(7) : 1120-1126
83． Chern G S, Sung F J M. Prevention of injury during imbibition in shrunken-2 corn seed by osmotic control of water uptake. Seed Sci.& Technol, 1991, 19: 469-476
84． Christiansen M N. Periods of sensitivity to chilling in germinating cotton. Plant physiol, 1967,42:431-433
85． Cohn M A, Obendorf R L. Independence of imbibitional chilling injury and energy metabolism in com. Crop Sci, 1976, 16:449-452
86． Cohn M A, Obendorf R L. Occurrence of stellar lesion during imbibitional chilling of Zea mays L.. Amer J Bot, 1978,65:50-56
87． Collins G C, Nie X L, Saltveit M E. Heat shock increases chilling tolerance of mung bean hypocotyls tissue. Physiol. Plant., 1993, 89:117-124
88． Dey G, Mukherjee R K. Scanning electron microscopy of soybean seed coat to study imbibitional injury. Seed Res, 1989, 17(2) : 199-203
89． Dorffling K, Flores A, Gran A et al. Effect new synthetic abacisic acid analogues in combination with tetcyelaces on chilling and freezing resistance in crop plant. Acta Horticulture, 1989,239:187-196
90． Duke S H, Kakefuda G, Harvey T M. Differential leakage of intracellular substances from imbibing soybean seeds. Plant Physiol, 1983, 72:919-924
91． Duke S H, Kakefuda G. Role of the testa in preventing cellular rupture during imbibition of legume seeds. Plant Physiol, 1981, 67:449-456
92． Freepons D. Enhancing food production with chitosan seed-carting technology. In: Donald Freepons(ed). Application of Chitin and Chitosan, Lancaster: Technomic. Publishing Company inc, 1997． 129-139
93． Halmer P. Technical and commercial aspects of seed pelleting and film-coating. Agritrade, 1987 , (9) : 191-204
94． Hodges D M, AndrewsC J, Johnson D A, Hamilton R I. Sensitivity of maize to chilling and their combining abilities at two developmental stages. Crop Sci, 1997, 37:850-856
95． Ishimoto N. Calper: the agent based on calcium peroxide. Japanese Pesticide Information, 1982,41:25-28
96． Jennings P, Saltveit M E. Temperature and chemical shocks induce chilling tolerance in germinating Cucumis sativus(cv. Poinsett 76) seeds. Plant Physiol, 1994, 91: 703-707
97． Khan A A, Ilyas S, Ptasznik W. Integrating low water potential seed hydration with other treatment to improve cold tolerance. Ann Bot, 1995, 75(1) :13-19
98． Kidd F, West C. The influence of temperature on soaking of seed. New Phytol, 1919, 18:35-39
99． Knoor D, Tertonico R A. Chitosan immobilization and permeabilization of amaranthus tricolor. J Agri Food Chem, 1986, 34:96-97
100． Kohle H, Jeblick W, Potent F et al. Chitin-elicited callose synthesis in soybean cells as a Ca2+-dependent process. Plant physiol, 1985, 77:544-551
101． Leach L D. Growth rates of host and pathogen on factors determining the severity of pre-emergence damping-off. J Agr Res, 1947, 75:161-179
102． Luzzati V, Husson F. The structure of the liquid crystalling phases of the lipid-water systems. J Cell Biol, 1962, 12:207-219
103． Miller R W, Roche J D L, Pomeroy M K. Structural and functional responses of wheat mitochodrial membranes to growth at low temperature. Plant Physiol, 1974, 53:426-433
104． Nakamura Y, Murase H, Shibusawa S. Direct seeding with coated rice in submerged paddy field. Agricultural Mechanic In Asia, Africa and Latin America, 1983, 14(4) :11-14
105． Nicole B, Georges T. Treatment with chitosan enhances resistance of tomato plants to the crown and root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Radicis-lycopersici. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 1992,41:33-52
106． Parera C A, Cantliffe D J. Improved germination and modified imbibition of shrunked-2 sweet corn by seed disinfection and solid matrix priming. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 1991, 116(6) :942-945
107． Paula M D, Perez O M, Darder M et al. Function of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in aged sunflower seeds. Physiol. Plant., 1996, 96:543-550
108． Pawlina L M, Proulx G. Study of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) feeding preference to natural color and guard coat blue coated seeds. Crop Production, 1996, 15 (2) : 143-146
109． Petruzzelli L, Harren F. Alleviation of chilling injury by ethephon in pea seeds. Seed Abstracts, 1998, 21(1) :17
110． Pollock B M. Imbibition temperature sensitivity of lima bean seed moisture. Plant Physiol, 1969,44:907-911
111． Powell A A, Mathewa S. The damaging effect of water on dry pea embryos during imbibition. J Exp Bot, 1978, 29:1215-1229
112． Ralph L, Nicholson, Raymond H. Phenolic compounds and their role in disease resistance. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 1992,30:369-389
113． Roskruge C L, Smith M T. Peroxidative changes associated with chilling injury in soybean seeds during imbibition. Seed Abstracts, 1998, 21(6) :265
114． Simon E W, Raja H R M. Leakage during seed imbibition. JExp Bot, 1972,23:1076-1085
115． Simon E W. Phospholipids and plant membrane permeability. New Phytol, 1974, 73:377-420
116． Thornton J M, Powell A A. Short-term aerated hytration for the improvement of seed quality in Brassica oleracea L.. Seed Sci Technol, 1992, 2(1) :41-49
117． Trevor E, Kraus R, Austin F. Paclobutrazol protects wheat seedlings from heat and paraquat injury is detoxification of active oxygen involved. Plant Cell Physiology, 1994, 35(1) : 45-52．
118． William J B, Carl L, David J P. Chilling stress to soybeans during imbibition. Plant Physiol., 1978,61:525-529
119． Wilson D O, Mohan S K. Unique seed quality problem of sh2 sweet corn. Seed Technol., 1998, 20(2) :176-186
120． Zheng G H. Physiological, biological and ultrastructural aspects of imbibitional chilling injury in seeds: a review of work carried out at the Beijing botanical garden. Seed Abstracts, 1991,14(10) :42