不同类型玉米丝黑穗病种衣剂防治效果的研究
|
摘要
玉米丝黑穗病是一种是世界性病害,主要是土壤传播,苗期侵染,到穗期才出现典型的症状。我国近年来由于品种抗性提高较慢,特别是玉米多年重茬连作、带菌秸杆覆盖还田,使病害的发生越来越重,严重地方发病率达到60%左右。生产上当前常用的防治方法主要是化学药剂和种衣剂拌种包衣,药剂防治不明显,种衣剂效果好,但是目前市场上种衣剂类型多、防效差异大,难以经济、有效应用。因此,开展筛选防治玉米丝黑穗病种衣剂药效试验十分迫切,并具有重要的意义。
本试验通过使用5种目前生产上常用的种衣剂——黑虫双全种衣剂、黑败种衣剂、立克秀种衣剂、黑穗克星种衣剂和卫福种衣剂对在山西种植面积大且感病的玉米品种沈单16进行了处理,采取种子包衣与病原菌接种相结合的方法,在山西5个不同玉米生态区进行了对比性药效试验。对出苗期、出苗率、防治效果和增产效果四方面的试验结果进行了系统的统计分析研究,以期筛选出一种适用于生产,高效、低毒、低残留的玉米种衣剂,为山西省玉米的安全生产提供依据。
结果表明:应用五种种衣剂处理种子均不同程度地影响玉米的出苗期、出苗率、防治效果;各种衣剂相互比较,防治效果差异显著,其中黑败种衣剂防治效果最高,达89.5%,且对出苗期、出苗率没有显著差异影响;黑虫双全种衣剂和立克秀种衣剂防治效果次之,分别为69.6%和63.4%,对出苗率没有显著差异影响,出苗推迟2.4～2.8d。建议在生产上大力推广应用黑败、黑虫双全、立克秀种衣剂。尤其是黑败种衣剂对玉米丝黑穗病的防病增产效果最好,与对照差异极显著,且价格适中、使用成本低,应当成为当前种子生产部门首选种衣剂。
Sphacelotheca Reiliana Clinton of Maize has been found around the world ,and is distributed through the soil ,the plants are infected at the seedling,while the typical symptoms wound be formed at the tasselling period , due to the severe threat of the Sphacelotheca Reiliana Clinton, the production of maize is heavily limited. The traditionally controlling methods, such as using resistant cultivar, exposing the root to the sun, rotating with different crops and spraying chemical substance, but the disease can not be controlled significantly. It was reported that the most direct, economical and effective method of controlling the disease was treating with seed-coating agent, but different types of seed-coating agent with different ingredients may have different result. Thus, it is very necessary to select the agent with the most controlling effect.
Five seed-coating agents, Thiram, Raxil, and so on, and the sensitive maize cultivar Shendan 16 were used in this experiment at five different trial places, and the impacts of seed-coating agents on the date of germination, the rate of germination, disease and yield were analyzed, aiming to select a kind of seed-coating agents with high effect, low toxicity and low content of remainder, and to provide evidence for safe production of maize in Shanxi province.
The result indicated that, the field control effects of the Thiram(89.5%)were quite remarkable.And integrated considerations,the control effect of Thiram was the best , it should be adopted by the seed departments.
本试验通过使用5种目前生产上常用的种衣剂——黑虫双全种衣剂、黑败种衣剂、立克秀种衣剂、黑穗克星种衣剂和卫福种衣剂对在山西种植面积大且感病的玉米品种沈单16进行了处理,采取种子包衣与病原菌接种相结合的方法,在山西5个不同玉米生态区进行了对比性药效试验。对出苗期、出苗率、防治效果和增产效果四方面的试验结果进行了系统的统计分析研究,以期筛选出一种适用于生产,高效、低毒、低残留的玉米种衣剂,为山西省玉米的安全生产提供依据。
结果表明:应用五种种衣剂处理种子均不同程度地影响玉米的出苗期、出苗率、防治效果;各种衣剂相互比较,防治效果差异显著,其中黑败种衣剂防治效果最高,达89.5%,且对出苗期、出苗率没有显著差异影响;黑虫双全种衣剂和立克秀种衣剂防治效果次之,分别为69.6%和63.4%,对出苗率没有显著差异影响,出苗推迟2.4～2.8d。建议在生产上大力推广应用黑败、黑虫双全、立克秀种衣剂。尤其是黑败种衣剂对玉米丝黑穗病的防病增产效果最好,与对照差异极显著,且价格适中、使用成本低,应当成为当前种子生产部门首选种衣剂。
Sphacelotheca Reiliana Clinton of Maize has been found around the world ,and is distributed through the soil ,the plants are infected at the seedling,while the typical symptoms wound be formed at the tasselling period , due to the severe threat of the Sphacelotheca Reiliana Clinton, the production of maize is heavily limited. The traditionally controlling methods, such as using resistant cultivar, exposing the root to the sun, rotating with different crops and spraying chemical substance, but the disease can not be controlled significantly. It was reported that the most direct, economical and effective method of controlling the disease was treating with seed-coating agent, but different types of seed-coating agent with different ingredients may have different result. Thus, it is very necessary to select the agent with the most controlling effect.
Five seed-coating agents, Thiram, Raxil, and so on, and the sensitive maize cultivar Shendan 16 were used in this experiment at five different trial places, and the impacts of seed-coating agents on the date of germination, the rate of germination, disease and yield were analyzed, aiming to select a kind of seed-coating agents with high effect, low toxicity and low content of remainder, and to provide evidence for safe production of maize in Shanxi province.
The result indicated that, the field control effects of the Thiram(89.5%)were quite remarkable.And integrated considerations,the control effect of Thiram was the best , it should be adopted by the seed departments.
引文
[1]曹广才,黄长玲等.玉米丝黑穗病及防治方法[C].特用玉米-品种、种植、利用,2005,55～57
[2]刘德宝.《山西玉米》[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社.2002.8:12～17
[3]吴新兰等.玉米丝黑穗病菌侵染条件与栽培防病措施的研究[J].植物保护学报.1981.8(1):15～19
[4]贾菊生,张前.玉米丝黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发的条件的研究[J].植物保护学报,1990.17(2):24～26
[5]Halisky,P.M. Physiologic specialization and genetics of smut fungi 1965 Ⅲ.Bot[J]. Rev.31:114～150.
[6]白金铠等.高粱、玉米丝黑穗菌交互接种试验[J].植物保护学报,1964 3:216.
[7]华致莆、白宝璋、赵晓军. 玉米丝黑穗病生理分化的研究[J]. 吉林农业大学学报,1995,17(2):32～37.
[8]Dutzmann S, Duben J. Maiskopbrand zuküenftig auch in Deutschland von Bedeutung Mais[J].1993, 21:140～142
[9]白金凯,玉米病害的病菌变异与抗病品种选育[J]. 玉米科学, 1994,1:67～72
[10]晋齐鸣等.松辽平原玉米主要病虫害综合治理体系的研究[J].玉米科学.2000, 8(2):32～37
[11]玉米主要病害发生趋势及防治对象.农村实用科技信息网页.2006.4.25
[12]2003 年吉林省玉米丝黑穗病防治工作意见.中国农技推广网.2006.5.11
[13]晋齐鸣等.东北春玉米区玉米丝黑穗病发生原因及对策[J].玉米科学.2004,3:24～26
[14]王志峰等.玉米丝黑穗病严重提醒农民重地防治.山西新闻网.2006.5.13
[15]蔡新等.种衣剂发展现状及展望[N].农民日报.2001.12.4
[16]佟屏亚.种衣剂为农业生产保驾护航[J].中国种业.2004.12:21～25
[17]熊自立等.浅谈种子包衣丸化技术[J].中国种业.2004.6:15～19
[18]马志强等.中国种子包衣技术的研究和推广[J].种子科技.2004.3:42～47
[19]赵建勋等.我省种衣剂技术的现状及对策[J].安徽农学通报.1999.5:32～35
[20]种衣剂的使用现状及发展趋势.爱农新闻网.2006.4.25
[21]柴士俊.种子包衣技术的发展[N].山西农民报.1996.3.5
[22]宋益民.我国种衣剂研究.开发现状及发展前景[J].昆虫植病学会通讯.2004,5:34～36
[23]马正青等.常温下玉米包衣种子室内发芽特性研究[J].种子科技.2006,3:27～29
[24]Stromberg EL, Stienstra WC, Kommedahl T, Matyac CA, Windels CE, Geadelmann JL.Smut expression and resistance of corn to Sphacelotheca reiliana in Minnersota[J]. Plant Dis.1984, 68:880～884
[25]段永钊等.陕西省玉米丝黑穗病抗源筛选与鉴定[J].西北农业学报,1992,1(4):30～32
[26]王桂林等.山东省的优异玉米种质资源[J].作物品种资源 1992, 2:15～17
[27]宋树云等.玉米种质资源抗丝黑穗病鉴定[J].吉林农业科学.2000, 25(3):16～19
[28]玉米种质资源抗丝黑穗病鉴定协作组.玉米种质资源抗丝黑穗病鉴定研究[J].作物品种资源.1992.1:12～15
[29]玉米丝黑穗病生物防治工程实施方案.中国农业网.2006.5.11
[30]梅振邦等.玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性遗传规律[J].山西农业科学.1982.11:30～33
[31]马秉元等.玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性与遗传初步研究[J].中国农业科学.1983.4:20～22
[32]Bernardo R, Bourrier M, Olivier JL. Generation means analysis of resistance to head smut in maize[J]. Agronomie. 1992, 12:303～306
[33]陈捷.《玉米病害珍断与防治》[M].北京:金盾出版社,1999:77～79
[2]刘德宝.《山西玉米》[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社.2002.8:12～17
[3]吴新兰等.玉米丝黑穗病菌侵染条件与栽培防病措施的研究[J].植物保护学报.1981.8(1):15～19
[4]贾菊生,张前.玉米丝黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发的条件的研究[J].植物保护学报,1990.17(2):24～26
[5]Halisky,P.M. Physiologic specialization and genetics of smut fungi 1965 Ⅲ.Bot[J]. Rev.31:114～150.
[6]白金铠等.高粱、玉米丝黑穗菌交互接种试验[J].植物保护学报,1964 3:216.
[7]华致莆、白宝璋、赵晓军. 玉米丝黑穗病生理分化的研究[J]. 吉林农业大学学报,1995,17(2):32～37.
[8]Dutzmann S, Duben J. Maiskopbrand zuküenftig auch in Deutschland von Bedeutung Mais[J].1993, 21:140～142
[9]白金凯,玉米病害的病菌变异与抗病品种选育[J]. 玉米科学, 1994,1:67～72
[10]晋齐鸣等.松辽平原玉米主要病虫害综合治理体系的研究[J].玉米科学.2000, 8(2):32～37
[11]玉米主要病害发生趋势及防治对象.农村实用科技信息网页.2006.4.25
[12]2003 年吉林省玉米丝黑穗病防治工作意见.中国农技推广网.2006.5.11
[13]晋齐鸣等.东北春玉米区玉米丝黑穗病发生原因及对策[J].玉米科学.2004,3:24～26
[14]王志峰等.玉米丝黑穗病严重提醒农民重地防治.山西新闻网.2006.5.13
[15]蔡新等.种衣剂发展现状及展望[N].农民日报.2001.12.4
[16]佟屏亚.种衣剂为农业生产保驾护航[J].中国种业.2004.12:21～25
[17]熊自立等.浅谈种子包衣丸化技术[J].中国种业.2004.6:15～19
[18]马志强等.中国种子包衣技术的研究和推广[J].种子科技.2004.3:42～47
[19]赵建勋等.我省种衣剂技术的现状及对策[J].安徽农学通报.1999.5:32～35
[20]种衣剂的使用现状及发展趋势.爱农新闻网.2006.4.25
[21]柴士俊.种子包衣技术的发展[N].山西农民报.1996.3.5
[22]宋益民.我国种衣剂研究.开发现状及发展前景[J].昆虫植病学会通讯.2004,5:34～36
[23]马正青等.常温下玉米包衣种子室内发芽特性研究[J].种子科技.2006,3:27～29
[24]Stromberg EL, Stienstra WC, Kommedahl T, Matyac CA, Windels CE, Geadelmann JL.Smut expression and resistance of corn to Sphacelotheca reiliana in Minnersota[J]. Plant Dis.1984, 68:880～884
[25]段永钊等.陕西省玉米丝黑穗病抗源筛选与鉴定[J].西北农业学报,1992,1(4):30～32
[26]王桂林等.山东省的优异玉米种质资源[J].作物品种资源 1992, 2:15～17
[27]宋树云等.玉米种质资源抗丝黑穗病鉴定[J].吉林农业科学.2000, 25(3):16～19
[28]玉米种质资源抗丝黑穗病鉴定协作组.玉米种质资源抗丝黑穗病鉴定研究[J].作物品种资源.1992.1:12～15
[29]玉米丝黑穗病生物防治工程实施方案.中国农业网.2006.5.11
[30]梅振邦等.玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性遗传规律[J].山西农业科学.1982.11:30～33
[31]马秉元等.玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性与遗传初步研究[J].中国农业科学.1983.4:20～22
[32]Bernardo R, Bourrier M, Olivier JL. Generation means analysis of resistance to head smut in maize[J]. Agronomie. 1992, 12:303～306
[33]陈捷.《玉米病害珍断与防治》[M].北京:金盾出版社,1999:77～79