蛋氨酸及蛋氨酸羟基类似物在鲤鱼及肉鸡饲料中添加效果的研究
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摘要
本文研究了鲤鱼成鱼、幼鱼和肉鸡对合成蛋氨酸的利用效果,并探讨了通过添加DL-蛋氨酸(DLM)来降低玉米酒糟蛋白(DDGS)的毒性物质对肉鸡生长的不良影响。试验采用单因素随机分组试验设计。(1)试验选取75条体重相近且健康的成年鲤鱼成鱼随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复5条鲤鱼成鱼,试验期为31天；试验在以小麦麸、大豆粕为主要蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加不同水平的DLM和蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMB)作为试验饲料。以基础饲料组作为对照,分别饲喂鲤鱼成鱼,测定试验鱼的体重,并计算相对增重率、饲料系数和蛋白效率。(2)试验选取495条鲤鱼幼鱼随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复33条鲤鱼幼鱼,试验期为30天；在以玉米和大豆粕为主要蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加不同水平的的DL-蛋氨酸和蛋氨酸羟基类似物和鱼粉作为试验饲料。以基础饲料组作为对照,分别饲喂鲤鱼幼鱼,测定试验鱼的体重,并计算相对增重率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率。(3)试验选取240只初始体重基本一致的初生雏鸡随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复10只初生雏鸡,试验期为42天。试验在相应减少玉米和大豆粕比例的基础饲料中,分别添加不同水平的DDGS和DLM作为试验饲料。以不添加DDGS组作为对照,饲喂初生雏鸡,测定试验鸡的体重和采食量,并计算体增重、料肉比和蛋白效率。试验结束后,在每个处理组的6个重复组中抽取6只肉鸡进行屠宰取样。测定肉鸡的活体重、屠体重、腹腔内脂肪重、胸肉重、大腿肉重、肝脏重和直肠内pH值,并计算屠宰率、腹脂率、胸肌率、腿肌率、肝脏比率。试验结果表明,(1)在鲤鱼成鱼饲料中添加蛋氨酸能有效提高鲤鱼成鱼的生长量,降低饲料系数,提高蛋白效率；添加蛋氨酸羟基类似物效果优于DL-蛋氨酸；(2)在鲤鱼幼鱼饲料中可以用豆粕来代替部分鱼粉,并添加合成蛋氨酸来补充豆粕所缺乏的蛋氨酸。蛋氨酸羟基类似物对促进鲤鱼幼鱼生长和提高饲料利用率的效果要优于DL-蛋氨酸；(3)在肉鸡饲料中添加DDGS来代替部分大豆粕,DDGS的比例不宜超过15%。可用添加DL-蛋氨酸的方法来降低DDGS本身的毒性物质对肉鸡生长所造成的负面影响。
This paper investigates the effective of synthetic methionine in adult fish, juvenile Common Carp and broilers. That compares with the different effects of DL-methionine (DLM) and liquid methionine (HMB) to adult fish and juvenile carp, and studies on the feasibility to reduce feed cost by Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble (DDGS) replacement of some soybean meal in diet for broilers, and explores to reduce the bad effect of toxic substances in DDGS to broilers growth by adding DL-Methionine. The experiments have adopted one-factor completely random design. (1) A total of 75 adult fish were allotted into 5 treatments randomly. Each treatment consists of 3 replicates, and each replicate includes 5 adult fish. The whole experiment lasted 31 days. The graded inclusion levels of contrast group, DLM and HMB were respectively added to the basal diet that corn and soybean meal as the main protein source of adult fish except for Met. Testing weight, and calculating the relative weight gain rate, diet conversion ratio and protein efficiency of adult fish. (2) A total of 495 juvenile Common Carps were allotted into 5 treatments randomly. Each treatment consists of 3 replicates, and each replicate includes 33 juvenile Common Carps. The whole experiment lasted 31 days. The graded inclusion levels of contrast group, DLM and HMB were respectively added to the basal diet that corn and soybean meal as the main protein source of adult fish except for Met. Testing weight, and calculating the relative weight gain rate, diet conversion ratio and protein efficiency of juvenile Common Carps. (3) A total of 240 broilers were allotted into 4 treatments randomly. Each treatment consists of 6 replicates, and each replicate includes 10 broilers. The whole experiment lasted 42 days. Different levels of DDGS and DLM were added to basic diet which corresponding reduction in the proportion of corn and soybean meal as experiment diet. Testing broilers' weight and feed intake, and calculating weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency. After experiment,6 broilers were selected from 6 repeating groups in each treatment group to Slaughter sampling. Testing broilers' weight, carcass weight, intra-abdominal fat weight, breast meat weight, thigh meat weight, liver weight and rectal pH, and calculating dressing percentage, abdominal fat percentage, echest rate, leg muscle rate and liver ratio. The experiments show that, (1) It can effectively improve the growth of adult fish, lower feed coefficient and improve protein efficiency when adding Met to the diet of adult fish. HMB is more effective than DLM. (2) In the juvenile Common Carp diet, soybean meal can be used to replace part of fish meal, and add synthetic methionine to complement the diet which lack of Met. HMB is more effective than DLM. (3) Adding DDGS in broilers diet to replace part of the soybean meal, DDGS ratio is no more than 15%. It can reduce the bad effect of toxic substances in DDGS to broilers growth by adding DLM.
This paper investigates the effective of synthetic methionine in adult fish, juvenile Common Carp and broilers. That compares with the different effects of DL-methionine (DLM) and liquid methionine (HMB) to adult fish and juvenile carp, and studies on the feasibility to reduce feed cost by Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble (DDGS) replacement of some soybean meal in diet for broilers, and explores to reduce the bad effect of toxic substances in DDGS to broilers growth by adding DL-Methionine. The experiments have adopted one-factor completely random design. (1) A total of 75 adult fish were allotted into 5 treatments randomly. Each treatment consists of 3 replicates, and each replicate includes 5 adult fish. The whole experiment lasted 31 days. The graded inclusion levels of contrast group, DLM and HMB were respectively added to the basal diet that corn and soybean meal as the main protein source of adult fish except for Met. Testing weight, and calculating the relative weight gain rate, diet conversion ratio and protein efficiency of adult fish. (2) A total of 495 juvenile Common Carps were allotted into 5 treatments randomly. Each treatment consists of 3 replicates, and each replicate includes 33 juvenile Common Carps. The whole experiment lasted 31 days. The graded inclusion levels of contrast group, DLM and HMB were respectively added to the basal diet that corn and soybean meal as the main protein source of adult fish except for Met. Testing weight, and calculating the relative weight gain rate, diet conversion ratio and protein efficiency of juvenile Common Carps. (3) A total of 240 broilers were allotted into 4 treatments randomly. Each treatment consists of 6 replicates, and each replicate includes 10 broilers. The whole experiment lasted 42 days. Different levels of DDGS and DLM were added to basic diet which corresponding reduction in the proportion of corn and soybean meal as experiment diet. Testing broilers' weight and feed intake, and calculating weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency. After experiment,6 broilers were selected from 6 repeating groups in each treatment group to Slaughter sampling. Testing broilers' weight, carcass weight, intra-abdominal fat weight, breast meat weight, thigh meat weight, liver weight and rectal pH, and calculating dressing percentage, abdominal fat percentage, echest rate, leg muscle rate and liver ratio. The experiments show that, (1) It can effectively improve the growth of adult fish, lower feed coefficient and improve protein efficiency when adding Met to the diet of adult fish. HMB is more effective than DLM. (2) In the juvenile Common Carp diet, soybean meal can be used to replace part of fish meal, and add synthetic methionine to complement the diet which lack of Met. HMB is more effective than DLM. (3) Adding DDGS in broilers diet to replace part of the soybean meal, DDGS ratio is no more than 15%. It can reduce the bad effect of toxic substances in DDGS to broilers growth by adding DLM.
引文
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[2]程茂基,王昌时,吴承章.日粮蛋氨酸水平对肉仔鸡的影响[J].中国家禽,2000,22(2)：14-15
[3]程宗佳.在豆粕型饲料中添加蛋氨酸羟基类似物(MHA)对虹鳟鱼生产性能的影响[J].大豆与饲料,2004(13)：30～32
[4]S.Swia tkiewicz, J. Koreleski,高枫.可溶性干酒糟(DDGS)在家禽营养中的应用[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2007：29(10)：43-44
[5]郭福存,江南.DDGS的营养价值及限制因素[J].中国家禽,2007,29(10)：43～44
[6]高庆,张克英,,陈代文.液体蛋氨酸羟基类似物对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质、养分利用率和血液生化指标的影响[J].单胃动物营养,2006,42(5)：26～30
[7]高泉,刘桂民.产蛋鸡日粮中添加DDGS试验[J].饲料与畜牧,1991(3)：8-9
[8]郭志强,宋代军,顾维智等.玉米DDGS饲喂肉鸭的效果探讨[J].畜牧与兽医,2009(6)：46～48
[9]金光明,Y. Cai.饲喂豆饼粉-玉米基础日粮的河鲇鱼蛋氨酸需要量[J].饲料广角,1997(1)：9～14
[10]李德发.中国饲料大全[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2003
[11]李恒鑫.DDGS对蛋鸡营养价值评定[J].现代畜牧兽医,2005(10)：17-19
[12]李恒鑫.玉米DDGS饲料对不同畜禽的营养价值和饲喂量[J].江西饲料,2005(2)：38～39
[13]吕锦芳,吴秀军,丁夏城.不同形态的蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响[J].安徽技术师范学院学报,2003,17(4)：296-298
[14]梁琳,莫棣华,何霆等.0-2周龄肉仔鸡可利用蛋氨酸、胱氨酸营养参数研究[J].饲料研究,1994,(5)：7-10
[15]李石强.不同蛋氨酸源相对营养价值的比较[D].西北农林科技大学,2004
[16]刘升军,呙于明.肉仔鸡蛋氨酸营养的研究与应用进展[J].饲料工业,1999,20(1)：14-16
[17]刘升军,呙于明.日粮蛋氨酸及赖氨酸对雌性肉仔鸡胴体组成的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医杂志,2001(3)：4-6
[18]乔德堂.动物的蛋氨酸营养研究进展[J].山东畜牧兽医.2007,28(4)：57～58
[19]帅柯.蛋氨酸对幼建鲤消化功能和免疫功能的影响[D].四川农业大学,2006
[20]唐胜球,董小英.鸡饲料中蛋氨酸营养的研究与应用概况[J].饲料添加剂,2007(4)：30-31
[21]王春霞,黄俊纯,杨忠源.肉用肉仔鸡对甲硫亚砜生物利用率的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,1991,22(3)：212～218
[22]王镜岩,朱圣庚,徐长法.生物化学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2002
[23]王蕾蕾,邵庆均.饲料中添加蛋氨酸对鱼类生长的影响[J].水利渔业,2007,27(1)：108-110
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