玉米、豆粕、棉粕、玉米蛋白粉主要营养成分含量变化规律分析
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摘要
本论文研究分析玉米、豆粕、棉粕、玉米蛋白粉、菜粕等5种饲料原料主要营养成分的变化规律,旨在为精准饲料配方的设计提供基础资料。从2005年1月-2009年12月对上述5种原料进行长期的跟踪检测。对同一原料不同厂家、同一厂家不同时间段产品检测分析表明,不同季节的原料、不同厂家的原料主要营养成分含量变动较大:(1)玉米: 2005-2007年连续三年中,水分有着不变的规律,从年初逐渐降低,6-9月水分含量最低12.9-13.9%,之后又回升,年末的水分含量几乎都稍微高于年初。陕西、甘肃、新疆三省的玉米由于收割季节不同,水分变化区间差异较大。(2)豆粕:粗灰分呈逐年下降的趋势。蛋白溶解度变化较大,粗蛋白质变化更大,批次差异达2-7%,水分变化有逐年升高的趋势,氨基酸含量差异变化率基本随蛋白质含量的增加而升高。(3)棉粕:2005-2007年三年中,气候变化和收割季节对棉粕质量影响很大,尤其是对粗纤维含量具有明显的影响。2006年下半年和2007年生产的棉粕,粗纤维超标(≥13.0%),同等的加工工艺条件下,棉粕质量仍有差异,导致能值差异较大。(4)玉米蛋白粉:叶黄素含量1-6月逐步升高,而7-11月逐步降低,但1-6月变化幅度较大。毒素污染率也随季节差异较大,呕吐毒素和黄曲霉毒素,玉米赤霉烯酮等都会在7-9月明显升高,10月至次年6月较低。(5)菜粕:西北菜粕粗蛋白含量普遍偏低(一般34-36%之间),粗灰分含量偏高(一般≥8.0%),原因晾晒方式的影响。赖氨酸水平明显高于国家数据库(赖氨酸1.30%)。
The experiment was to analyze the nutrient composition of corn, soybean meal, cotton meal, corn gluten, and rapeseed meal from January 2005 to December 2009. The results showed that: (1) Moisture of corn showed the constant trend that the lowest value is ranged from 12.9% to 13.9% in June to September. However, district influences the moisture of corn because of the difference in harvest season among Shaanxi, Gansu, and Xinjiang province. (2) For the soybean meal, crude ash content declined gradually, but the moisture increased. There are differences in solution and content of protein in soybean meal, which is ranged from 2% to 7% in content at different batches. Amino acid contents have similar changes with crude protein. (3) Climate and season affected the cottonseed meal quality especially crude fiber content in 2005 to 2007. The content of fiber in cottonseed meal produced in the second half year of 2006 and the whole year of 2007 exceed the standard of 13%. (4) For the corn gluten meal, lutein content increased in January to June and then declined in July to November. Vomitoxin, aflatoxin, and zearalenone content in corn gluten meal increased from July to September and then declined. (5) Crude protein content in rapeseed meal is low, which ranged from 34% to 36% in Northwest of China. Crude ash content is more than 8%. Lysine content is 1.30%, which is higher than the value in the national database.
The experiment was to analyze the nutrient composition of corn, soybean meal, cotton meal, corn gluten, and rapeseed meal from January 2005 to December 2009. The results showed that: (1) Moisture of corn showed the constant trend that the lowest value is ranged from 12.9% to 13.9% in June to September. However, district influences the moisture of corn because of the difference in harvest season among Shaanxi, Gansu, and Xinjiang province. (2) For the soybean meal, crude ash content declined gradually, but the moisture increased. There are differences in solution and content of protein in soybean meal, which is ranged from 2% to 7% in content at different batches. Amino acid contents have similar changes with crude protein. (3) Climate and season affected the cottonseed meal quality especially crude fiber content in 2005 to 2007. The content of fiber in cottonseed meal produced in the second half year of 2006 and the whole year of 2007 exceed the standard of 13%. (4) For the corn gluten meal, lutein content increased in January to June and then declined in July to November. Vomitoxin, aflatoxin, and zearalenone content in corn gluten meal increased from July to September and then declined. (5) Crude protein content in rapeseed meal is low, which ranged from 34% to 36% in Northwest of China. Crude ash content is more than 8%. Lysine content is 1.30%, which is higher than the value in the national database.
引文
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崔玉铭,2010,低蛋白日粮对肉仔鸡生产性能、免疫功能及营养物质代谢的影响[硕士学位论文], ,内蒙古呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学
刘洋,2010,国产玉米DDGS对蛋鸡营养价值评定[硕士学位论文],陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学
李改婵,贺喜祥,高峰,牛引丽,2010,浅析玉米储藏品质变化趋势与控制,39 (05):39-41
朱元招;王凤来;尹靖东,2010 ,抗草甘膦大豆及豆粕营养成分和抗营养因子研究[M],营养学报,32 (02 ):178-182
晏家友,贾刚,2009,玉米蛋白粉的营养价值及其应用概况[J],饲料工业,30(15):53-55
贾涛,2009,近红外光谱分析技术在饲料检测中的应用[ J],饲料研究,6:13-17
刘圣安,郭建国,肖学红,邓永文,高俐明,2009,脂肪酸值测定结果的不确定度评定[J],粮油仓储科技通讯, 4:45- 48
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李湘,2007,直/支链淀粉比对黄羽肉鸡生长影响及部分相关机理研究[硕士学位论文],湖南长沙:湖南农业大学
唐庆,郑万芳,柯文,符少华,冯为群,刘丽萍,蒋柯,2007,小麦脂肪酸值的变化规律及其在新鲜度判定中的应用[J],粮油仓储科技通讯4:45-47
刘天明,2007,饲料分类及加工工艺[J],山西农业,5:25-26
李爱科,2007,我国饲料资源开发现状及前景展望[J].畜牧市场,9:13-16
王卫国,2007,大宗饲料原料的质量变异及控制[J],新饲料,7:8-11
王凤欣,高士争,2006 ,从饲料配方及加工工艺角度谈如何控制饲料产品质量[J] ,中国畜牧兽医文摘,3:
杜双奎,2006,玉米品种籽粒品质与挤压膨化特性研究[博士学位论文],陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学
李维锋,姜建国,吴亚梅,2006,玉米蛋白粉的营养价值及二次开发的潜力[J],粮食工程,5:115-118
郭琳琳,孙丽琴,刘继明. 2006,储藏过程中小麦脂肪酸值变化规律的研究[J].粮食储藏, 1:47-49
宾石玉,2005,日粮淀粉来源对断奶仔猪生产性能、小肠淀粉消化和内脏组织蛋白质合成的影响[博士学位论文],四川雅安:四川农业大学
肖治军,2005,猪玉米赤霉烯酮中毒与繁殖障碍[ J],中国畜牧兽医,2:45-46
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