不同品种玉米作为奶牛饲料的营养价值评定
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摘要
本试验分别从河北省、河南省和山东省采集三个不同品种的玉米(浚单20、先玉335和郑单958),研究其对奶牛的营养价值。用化学分析法测定玉米的主要营养成分含量,采用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定其瘤胃降解率,通过消化试验测定玉米主要营养成分的表观消化率和有效能。
试验1:用化学分析法对河北、河南和山东三个地区不同玉米(浚单20、先玉335和郑单958)的主要营养成分含量进行测定。结果表明,不同玉米的DM、CP、EE、NDF、ADF、Ash、Ca和P含量的整体变化范围分别为83.63%～86.57%、7.91%～10.41%、3.39%～4.21%、10.76%～13.60%、2.95%～4.63%、1.17%～1.59%、0.02%～0.04%和0.20%～0.31%。浚单20在不同地区的CP、EE和P的含量有显著性差异(P<0.05),先玉335在不同地区的DM、CP、NDF、ADF、Ash和P的含量有显著差异(P<0.05);郑单958在不同地区的DM、CP、EE、NDF、ADF、Ash和P含量有显著差异(P<0.05)。不同品种玉米在同一地区的大部分养分含量均有显著性差异(P<0.05),河北先玉335的CP含量(10.41%)比河北郑单958( 7.91%)显著高31.61%,比河北浚单20(8.89%)显著高17.10%;山东郑单958的NDF含量(12.35%)比山东先玉335 (10.76%)显著高14.78%。
试验2:选用4头健康状况良好,平均体重为600kg,安装有瘤胃瘘管的青年荷斯坦奶牛,以1.3倍的维持需要进行饲喂。采用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定玉米在2、4、8、16、24、36和48 h的DM、CP、NDF和ADF的降解率。结果表明:不同玉米的DM、CP、NDF和ADF的有效降解率分别为54.72%～66.99%、39.04%～49.94%、44.30%～46.17%和42.32%～46.70%。浚单20、先玉335和郑单958在不同地区的DM和CP的有效降解率有显著性差异(P<0.05),郑单958在不同地区的NDF和ADF降解率有显著性差异(P<0.05),先玉335在不同地区的ADF有效降解率有显著性差异(P<0.05),浚单20在不同地区的NDF和ADF有效降解率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同品种玉米在河北和山东地区的DM和CP有效降解率均有显著性差异(P<0.05),NDF和ADF有效降解率无显著性差异(P>0.05);在河南地区的DM和ADF有效降解率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),CP和NDF有效降解率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。河北浚单20、山东先玉335和河北郑单958的DM、CP有效降解率最高;河南浚单20、河北先玉335和河北郑单958的NDF有效降解率最高;河北浚单20、河北先玉335和河北郑单958的ADF有效降解率最高。本试验得到了有效降解率预测模型,整体预测效果较好。
试验3:选用20头14～16月龄,平均体重300kg,健康并发育良好的青年荷斯坦奶牛,分成4组,每组5头,试验玉米代替基础日粮的20%进行饲养试验,采用全收粪法测定玉米主要营养物质的表观消化率和有效能。结果表明:不同地区玉米替代基础日粮后,日粮DM、CP、NDF、ADF、Ca、P和GE的表观消化率分别为64.25%～66.41%、65.35%～67.01%、47.94%～49.81%、44.49%～46.03%、29.25%～32.82%和66.82%～67.81%,玉米原料的DM、CP、NDF、ADF、Ca、P和GE的表观消化率分别为80.58%～88.68%、70.42%～74.49%、74.04%～78.67%、75.22%～79.67%、63.27%～70.92%、77.04%～84.37%和84.74%～88.85%,玉米的GE、DE和NEL分别为18.66MJ/kg～18.94 MJ/kg、16.00 MJ/kg～16.59 MJ/kg、8.41 MJ/kg～8.73 MJ/kg。河北地区浚单20、先玉335和郑单958的主要营养物质的表观消化率差异显著(P<0.05),能量消化率、GE、DE以及NEL之间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。河南地区三种玉米的主要营养物质和能量的表观消化率以及DE和NEL之间均差异显著(P<0.05),其中先玉335的DE和NEL比郑单958分别高3.69%和3.80%(P<0.05),浚单20的DE和NEL比郑单958分别高3.5%和3.57%(P<0.05)。山东地区除DM和P外,其他养分的表观消化率以及GE、DE和NEL之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中郑单958的GE比先玉335高1.23%(P<0.05),先玉335的DE和NEL分别比郑单958高2.60%和2.83%(P<0.05)。生长地区对浚单20、先玉335和郑单958的主要营养物质表观消化率有显著性影响(P<0.05),对浚单20的GE有显著影响(P<0.05),其中河南地区比河北地区高0.91%;对先玉335的GE、DE和NEL有显著影响(P<0.05),其中河北地区比和河南地区分别高2.41%和2.46%,山东地区比河南地区分别高2.35%和2.46%。生长地区对郑单958的GE、DE和NEL没有显著影响(P>0.05)。本试验得到了3个(NEL)预测模型,且预测效果较好(R2分别为0.9720、0.9716和0.9582)。
Three corn varieties, Xundan 20, Xianyu 335 and Zhengdan 958, which comes from Hebei province, Henan province and Shandong province, were collected to study the nutritional value for dairy cows.The main nutrient content of corns was determined by chemical analysis.The rumen degradation was measured by Nylon Bag technique.The apparent digestibilities of the mian nutrient and bioavailble energy of corns were measured through the digestion trial.
Experiment 1: The main nutrient content of different corns was determined by chemical analysis. The results showed that, the whole range of variation of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, Ash, Ca and P in different regions was 83.63%～86.57%, 7.91%～10.41%, 3.39%～4.21%, 10.76%～13.60%, 2.95%～4.63%, 1.17%～1.59%, 0.02%～0.04% and 0.20%～0.31%, respectively. The content of CP, EE, P for Xundan 20, DM, CP, NDF, ADF ,Ash, P for Xianyu 335 and DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, Ash, P for Zhengdan 958 in different regions had significant difference(P<0.05). Most of the nutrient content of different varieties in the same area had significant difference (P<0.05), the content of CP for Hebei Xianyu 335 (10.41%) was significant 31.61% higher than Hebei Zhengdan 958 (7.91%) and significant 17.10% higher than Hebei Xundan 20, the content of NDF for Shandong Zhengdan 958 (12.35%) was significant 14.78% higher than Shandong Xianyu 335 (10.76%).
Experiment 2: Four healthy ruminally cannulated Holstein cows (average 600 kg) were used, fed at 1.3 times of maintainance requirement.The degradation of different corns at different time points (2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h ) was determined by the technology of Nylon Bag .The result showed that, the effective degradation of DM, CP, NDF and ADF of corns in different region was 54.72%～66.99%, 39.04%～49.94%, 44.30%～46.17% and 42.32%～46.70%, respectively. The effective degradation of DM , CP for Xundan 20, Xianyu 335 and Zhengdan 958 in different regions had significant difference (P<0.05), the effective degradation of NDF, ADF for Zhengdan 958 and ADF for Xianyu 335 in different regions had significant difference (P<0.05), NDF, ADF for Xundan 20 had no significant difference (P>0.05). The effective degradation of DM and CP in Hebei and DM and ADF in Henan had significant difference (P<0.05), the effective degradation of Shandong had the same trend with Hebei. The effective degradation of DM, CP for different corns in Hebei and Shandong had significant difference (P<0.05), NDF, ADF had no significant difference (P>0.05). The effective degradation of DM, ADF for different corns in Henan had significant difference (P<0.05), CP, NDF had no significant difference (P>0.05). The effective degradation of DM, CP for Hebei Xundan 20, Shandong Xianyu 335 and Hebei Zhengdan 958 was the highest, the effective degradation of NDF for Henan Xundan 20, Hebei Xianyu 335 and Hebei Zhengdan 958 was the highest, the effective degradation of ADF for Hebei Xundan 20, Hebei Xianyu 335 and Hebei Zhengdan 958 was the highest. This experiment had obtained the prediction model of effective degradation and the whole predictive effect was well.
Experiment 3:Twenty Holstein cows ,14～16 month-old , average 300 kg body weight,healthy and well-developed, were divided into 4 groups each group with 5 duplicates. The trial corn replaced 20% of the basic ration in the feeding experiment. the apparent digestibility of the main nutrient and bioavailble energy of corn was determined by the methods of collecting whole feces.The result showed that, the apparent digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, Ca, P and GE for different test diet and corn raw materials was 64.25%～66.41%, 65.35%～67.01%, 47.94%～49.81%, 44.49%～46.03%, 29.25%～32.82% , 66.82%～67.81% and 80.58%～88.68%,70.42%～74.49%, 74.04%～78.67%, 75.22%～79.67%, 63.27%～70.92%, 77.04%～84.37%, 84.74%～88.85%, respectively.The Gross Energy(GE), Digest Energy(DE) and Net Energy for Lactating (NEL)of corns was 18.66MJ/kg～18.94 MJ/kg, 16.00 MJ/kg～16.59 MJ/kg and 8.41 MJ/kg～8.73 MJ/kg, respectively. The apparent digestibility of the main nutrient in Hebei showed significant difference (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of energy, GE, DE and NEL had no significant difference (P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of the main nutrient and energy, DE and NEL in Henan showed significant difference (P<0.05), except DM and P, DE and NEL of Xianyu 335 was 3.69% and 3.80% higher than Zhengdan 958 (P<0.05), DE and NEL of Xundan 20 was 3.5% and 3.57% higher than Zhengdan 958 (P<0.05), respectively.The apparent digestibility of other nutrient, GE,DE and NEL in Shandong had significant difference (P<0.05), GE of Zhengdan 958 was 1.23% higher than Xianyu 335, DE and NEL of Xianyu 335 was 2.60% and 2.83% higher than Zhengdan 958 (P<0.05), respectively. The growth region had a significant effect on the apparent digestibility of the main nutrient of different corns (P<0.05), had a significant effect on DE and NEL of Xianyu 335(P<0.05), Henan area was 2.41% and 2.46% higher than Hebei, Shandong was 2.35% and 2.46% higher than Hebei, respectively. The growth region had no significant effect on Xundan 20 and Zhengdan 958 (P>0.05). This experiment had obtained three prediction models of NEL and the predictive effect was well (R2 was 0.9720, 0.9716 and 0.9582, respectively).
试验1:用化学分析法对河北、河南和山东三个地区不同玉米(浚单20、先玉335和郑单958)的主要营养成分含量进行测定。结果表明,不同玉米的DM、CP、EE、NDF、ADF、Ash、Ca和P含量的整体变化范围分别为83.63%～86.57%、7.91%～10.41%、3.39%～4.21%、10.76%～13.60%、2.95%～4.63%、1.17%～1.59%、0.02%～0.04%和0.20%～0.31%。浚单20在不同地区的CP、EE和P的含量有显著性差异(P<0.05),先玉335在不同地区的DM、CP、NDF、ADF、Ash和P的含量有显著差异(P<0.05);郑单958在不同地区的DM、CP、EE、NDF、ADF、Ash和P含量有显著差异(P<0.05)。不同品种玉米在同一地区的大部分养分含量均有显著性差异(P<0.05),河北先玉335的CP含量(10.41%)比河北郑单958( 7.91%)显著高31.61%,比河北浚单20(8.89%)显著高17.10%;山东郑单958的NDF含量(12.35%)比山东先玉335 (10.76%)显著高14.78%。
试验2:选用4头健康状况良好,平均体重为600kg,安装有瘤胃瘘管的青年荷斯坦奶牛,以1.3倍的维持需要进行饲喂。采用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定玉米在2、4、8、16、24、36和48 h的DM、CP、NDF和ADF的降解率。结果表明:不同玉米的DM、CP、NDF和ADF的有效降解率分别为54.72%～66.99%、39.04%～49.94%、44.30%～46.17%和42.32%～46.70%。浚单20、先玉335和郑单958在不同地区的DM和CP的有效降解率有显著性差异(P<0.05),郑单958在不同地区的NDF和ADF降解率有显著性差异(P<0.05),先玉335在不同地区的ADF有效降解率有显著性差异(P<0.05),浚单20在不同地区的NDF和ADF有效降解率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同品种玉米在河北和山东地区的DM和CP有效降解率均有显著性差异(P<0.05),NDF和ADF有效降解率无显著性差异(P>0.05);在河南地区的DM和ADF有效降解率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),CP和NDF有效降解率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。河北浚单20、山东先玉335和河北郑单958的DM、CP有效降解率最高;河南浚单20、河北先玉335和河北郑单958的NDF有效降解率最高;河北浚单20、河北先玉335和河北郑单958的ADF有效降解率最高。本试验得到了有效降解率预测模型,整体预测效果较好。
试验3:选用20头14～16月龄,平均体重300kg,健康并发育良好的青年荷斯坦奶牛,分成4组,每组5头,试验玉米代替基础日粮的20%进行饲养试验,采用全收粪法测定玉米主要营养物质的表观消化率和有效能。结果表明:不同地区玉米替代基础日粮后,日粮DM、CP、NDF、ADF、Ca、P和GE的表观消化率分别为64.25%～66.41%、65.35%～67.01%、47.94%～49.81%、44.49%～46.03%、29.25%～32.82%和66.82%～67.81%,玉米原料的DM、CP、NDF、ADF、Ca、P和GE的表观消化率分别为80.58%～88.68%、70.42%～74.49%、74.04%～78.67%、75.22%～79.67%、63.27%～70.92%、77.04%～84.37%和84.74%～88.85%,玉米的GE、DE和NEL分别为18.66MJ/kg～18.94 MJ/kg、16.00 MJ/kg～16.59 MJ/kg、8.41 MJ/kg～8.73 MJ/kg。河北地区浚单20、先玉335和郑单958的主要营养物质的表观消化率差异显著(P<0.05),能量消化率、GE、DE以及NEL之间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。河南地区三种玉米的主要营养物质和能量的表观消化率以及DE和NEL之间均差异显著(P<0.05),其中先玉335的DE和NEL比郑单958分别高3.69%和3.80%(P<0.05),浚单20的DE和NEL比郑单958分别高3.5%和3.57%(P<0.05)。山东地区除DM和P外,其他养分的表观消化率以及GE、DE和NEL之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中郑单958的GE比先玉335高1.23%(P<0.05),先玉335的DE和NEL分别比郑单958高2.60%和2.83%(P<0.05)。生长地区对浚单20、先玉335和郑单958的主要营养物质表观消化率有显著性影响(P<0.05),对浚单20的GE有显著影响(P<0.05),其中河南地区比河北地区高0.91%;对先玉335的GE、DE和NEL有显著影响(P<0.05),其中河北地区比和河南地区分别高2.41%和2.46%,山东地区比河南地区分别高2.35%和2.46%。生长地区对郑单958的GE、DE和NEL没有显著影响(P>0.05)。本试验得到了3个(NEL)预测模型,且预测效果较好(R2分别为0.9720、0.9716和0.9582)。
Three corn varieties, Xundan 20, Xianyu 335 and Zhengdan 958, which comes from Hebei province, Henan province and Shandong province, were collected to study the nutritional value for dairy cows.The main nutrient content of corns was determined by chemical analysis.The rumen degradation was measured by Nylon Bag technique.The apparent digestibilities of the mian nutrient and bioavailble energy of corns were measured through the digestion trial.
Experiment 1: The main nutrient content of different corns was determined by chemical analysis. The results showed that, the whole range of variation of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, Ash, Ca and P in different regions was 83.63%～86.57%, 7.91%～10.41%, 3.39%～4.21%, 10.76%～13.60%, 2.95%～4.63%, 1.17%～1.59%, 0.02%～0.04% and 0.20%～0.31%, respectively. The content of CP, EE, P for Xundan 20, DM, CP, NDF, ADF ,Ash, P for Xianyu 335 and DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, Ash, P for Zhengdan 958 in different regions had significant difference(P<0.05). Most of the nutrient content of different varieties in the same area had significant difference (P<0.05), the content of CP for Hebei Xianyu 335 (10.41%) was significant 31.61% higher than Hebei Zhengdan 958 (7.91%) and significant 17.10% higher than Hebei Xundan 20, the content of NDF for Shandong Zhengdan 958 (12.35%) was significant 14.78% higher than Shandong Xianyu 335 (10.76%).
Experiment 2: Four healthy ruminally cannulated Holstein cows (average 600 kg) were used, fed at 1.3 times of maintainance requirement.The degradation of different corns at different time points (2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h ) was determined by the technology of Nylon Bag .The result showed that, the effective degradation of DM, CP, NDF and ADF of corns in different region was 54.72%～66.99%, 39.04%～49.94%, 44.30%～46.17% and 42.32%～46.70%, respectively. The effective degradation of DM , CP for Xundan 20, Xianyu 335 and Zhengdan 958 in different regions had significant difference (P<0.05), the effective degradation of NDF, ADF for Zhengdan 958 and ADF for Xianyu 335 in different regions had significant difference (P<0.05), NDF, ADF for Xundan 20 had no significant difference (P>0.05). The effective degradation of DM and CP in Hebei and DM and ADF in Henan had significant difference (P<0.05), the effective degradation of Shandong had the same trend with Hebei. The effective degradation of DM, CP for different corns in Hebei and Shandong had significant difference (P<0.05), NDF, ADF had no significant difference (P>0.05). The effective degradation of DM, ADF for different corns in Henan had significant difference (P<0.05), CP, NDF had no significant difference (P>0.05). The effective degradation of DM, CP for Hebei Xundan 20, Shandong Xianyu 335 and Hebei Zhengdan 958 was the highest, the effective degradation of NDF for Henan Xundan 20, Hebei Xianyu 335 and Hebei Zhengdan 958 was the highest, the effective degradation of ADF for Hebei Xundan 20, Hebei Xianyu 335 and Hebei Zhengdan 958 was the highest. This experiment had obtained the prediction model of effective degradation and the whole predictive effect was well.
Experiment 3:Twenty Holstein cows ,14～16 month-old , average 300 kg body weight,healthy and well-developed, were divided into 4 groups each group with 5 duplicates. The trial corn replaced 20% of the basic ration in the feeding experiment. the apparent digestibility of the main nutrient and bioavailble energy of corn was determined by the methods of collecting whole feces.The result showed that, the apparent digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, Ca, P and GE for different test diet and corn raw materials was 64.25%～66.41%, 65.35%～67.01%, 47.94%～49.81%, 44.49%～46.03%, 29.25%～32.82% , 66.82%～67.81% and 80.58%～88.68%,70.42%～74.49%, 74.04%～78.67%, 75.22%～79.67%, 63.27%～70.92%, 77.04%～84.37%, 84.74%～88.85%, respectively.The Gross Energy(GE), Digest Energy(DE) and Net Energy for Lactating (NEL)of corns was 18.66MJ/kg～18.94 MJ/kg, 16.00 MJ/kg～16.59 MJ/kg and 8.41 MJ/kg～8.73 MJ/kg, respectively. The apparent digestibility of the main nutrient in Hebei showed significant difference (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of energy, GE, DE and NEL had no significant difference (P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of the main nutrient and energy, DE and NEL in Henan showed significant difference (P<0.05), except DM and P, DE and NEL of Xianyu 335 was 3.69% and 3.80% higher than Zhengdan 958 (P<0.05), DE and NEL of Xundan 20 was 3.5% and 3.57% higher than Zhengdan 958 (P<0.05), respectively.The apparent digestibility of other nutrient, GE,DE and NEL in Shandong had significant difference (P<0.05), GE of Zhengdan 958 was 1.23% higher than Xianyu 335, DE and NEL of Xianyu 335 was 2.60% and 2.83% higher than Zhengdan 958 (P<0.05), respectively. The growth region had a significant effect on the apparent digestibility of the main nutrient of different corns (P<0.05), had a significant effect on DE and NEL of Xianyu 335(P<0.05), Henan area was 2.41% and 2.46% higher than Hebei, Shandong was 2.35% and 2.46% higher than Hebei, respectively. The growth region had no significant effect on Xundan 20 and Zhengdan 958 (P>0.05). This experiment had obtained three prediction models of NEL and the predictive effect was well (R2 was 0.9720, 0.9716 and 0.9582, respectively).
引文
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