交联聚乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料电树枝性能的研究
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摘要
电力电缆是供电系统的重要组成部分,由于交联聚乙烯具有良好的耐热性、耐化学性和电气绝缘性能,而广泛应用到电力电缆中。然而在电场长时间作用下,交联聚乙烯绝缘性能急剧下降,产生这种现象的主要原因是电、热、机械和环境等因素的共同作用使交联聚乙烯产生了电树枝,这导致电缆发生运行故障。为了提高交联聚乙烯的耐电树枝性能,各国学者研究了很多改性方法,本文采用蒙脱土改性交联聚乙烯。
本文采用熔融插层法和过氧化物交联法制备了交联聚乙烯复合材料,并通过数字摄像电树枝检测系统观察材料的电树枝引发和生长过程。实验结果发现在相同工艺制备的聚乙烯和交联聚乙烯试样中,交联聚乙烯的耐电树枝性能较好,这说明网状结构对电树枝生长有抑制作用。在蒙脱土含量相同时,不同有机化蒙脱土制备的复合材料的耐电树枝性能有很大差异,其中以纯交联聚乙烯的耐电树枝性能较好,十八烷基季铵盐有机化蒙脱土制备的复合材料次之,而未经过有机化蒙脱土制备的复合材料较差,这说明不同有机化蒙脱土对交联聚乙烯复合材料的耐电树枝性能有一定的影响。为了进一步研究十八烷基季铵盐有机化蒙脱土对复合材料的电树枝性能的影响,改变复合材料中十八烷基季铵盐有机化蒙脱土的含量,发现当蒙脱土含量为1%时,交联聚乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的耐电树枝性能较好,进而说明只有十八烷基季铵盐有机化蒙脱土在某一含量时才能较大限度的提高复合材料耐电树枝性能。
The power cable is an important component in the power system, and crosslinked polyethylene is widely applied to power cables, as it has excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance and electrical properties. However, insulation performance was falled sharply, because crosslinked polyethylene cables were affected on factors, such as electrical factor, thermal factor, mechanical factor and environmental factor and so on, when the crosslinked polyethylene cable was exerted on high voltage for a long time. The main reason is that electrical tree appeared in the crosslinked polyethylene insulation layer, and the whole cable became invaild. In order to improve property of resisting electrical tree in crosslinked polyethylene, many scholars studied modification methods of crosslinked polyethylene. In this paper, the montmorillonite was chosen to modify crosslinked polyethylene.
Crosslinked polyethylene/montmorillonite composites were prepared by peroxide crosslinking method and melting intercalation process, and the processes of electrical tree in initiation and growth were studied by the test system of electrical tree. The results showed that when they were prepared by the same process, property of resisting electrical tree in crosslinked polyethylene was better than polyethylene, comparing polyethylene and crosslinked polyethylene, which showed that electrical trees were inhibited in the crosslinked structure. When the montmorillonite content was the same, property of resisting electrical tree was not exactly the same for composites containing montmorillonites treated with different modifiers, which the pure crosslinked polyethylene was the best, the composite containing montmorillonite treated with stearyl quaternary ammonium was the second, and the composite containing montmorillonite untreated was the worst. It showed that montmorillonites treated with different modifiers were impact on property of resisting electrical tree. To further study montmorillonite treated with octadecyl quaternary ammonium on the impact of property of resisting electrical tree, montmorillonite content was changed in composites. The results showed that the property of resisting electrical tree in crosslinked polyethylene/montmorillonite composites was the best, when montmorillonite content was 1%, and that propertiy of resisting electrical tree was improved, when the content of montmorillonite was appropriate.
本文采用熔融插层法和过氧化物交联法制备了交联聚乙烯复合材料,并通过数字摄像电树枝检测系统观察材料的电树枝引发和生长过程。实验结果发现在相同工艺制备的聚乙烯和交联聚乙烯试样中,交联聚乙烯的耐电树枝性能较好,这说明网状结构对电树枝生长有抑制作用。在蒙脱土含量相同时,不同有机化蒙脱土制备的复合材料的耐电树枝性能有很大差异,其中以纯交联聚乙烯的耐电树枝性能较好,十八烷基季铵盐有机化蒙脱土制备的复合材料次之,而未经过有机化蒙脱土制备的复合材料较差,这说明不同有机化蒙脱土对交联聚乙烯复合材料的耐电树枝性能有一定的影响。为了进一步研究十八烷基季铵盐有机化蒙脱土对复合材料的电树枝性能的影响,改变复合材料中十八烷基季铵盐有机化蒙脱土的含量,发现当蒙脱土含量为1%时,交联聚乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的耐电树枝性能较好,进而说明只有十八烷基季铵盐有机化蒙脱土在某一含量时才能较大限度的提高复合材料耐电树枝性能。
The power cable is an important component in the power system, and crosslinked polyethylene is widely applied to power cables, as it has excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance and electrical properties. However, insulation performance was falled sharply, because crosslinked polyethylene cables were affected on factors, such as electrical factor, thermal factor, mechanical factor and environmental factor and so on, when the crosslinked polyethylene cable was exerted on high voltage for a long time. The main reason is that electrical tree appeared in the crosslinked polyethylene insulation layer, and the whole cable became invaild. In order to improve property of resisting electrical tree in crosslinked polyethylene, many scholars studied modification methods of crosslinked polyethylene. In this paper, the montmorillonite was chosen to modify crosslinked polyethylene.
Crosslinked polyethylene/montmorillonite composites were prepared by peroxide crosslinking method and melting intercalation process, and the processes of electrical tree in initiation and growth were studied by the test system of electrical tree. The results showed that when they were prepared by the same process, property of resisting electrical tree in crosslinked polyethylene was better than polyethylene, comparing polyethylene and crosslinked polyethylene, which showed that electrical trees were inhibited in the crosslinked structure. When the montmorillonite content was the same, property of resisting electrical tree was not exactly the same for composites containing montmorillonites treated with different modifiers, which the pure crosslinked polyethylene was the best, the composite containing montmorillonite treated with stearyl quaternary ammonium was the second, and the composite containing montmorillonite untreated was the worst. It showed that montmorillonites treated with different modifiers were impact on property of resisting electrical tree. To further study montmorillonite treated with octadecyl quaternary ammonium on the impact of property of resisting electrical tree, montmorillonite content was changed in composites. The results showed that the property of resisting electrical tree in crosslinked polyethylene/montmorillonite composites was the best, when montmorillonite content was 1%, and that propertiy of resisting electrical tree was improved, when the content of montmorillonite was appropriate.
引文
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[2]曹晓珑,刘英.我国电力电缆及其敷设技术现状[J].电力设备, 2007, 8(4): 110-112.
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[4]廖瑞金,郑升讯,杨丽君,等.不同温度下XLPE电缆中电树枝的生长特性[J].高电压技术, 2010, 36(10): 2398-2404.
[5]张秀阁,贺景亮,关根志,等.交联聚乙烯电树枝老化实验研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报, 1999, 32(3): 63-66.
[6]王洪新,贺景亮,张秀阁,等.交流叠加冲击电压作用下XLPE绝缘中电树枝起始特性[J].高电压技术, 1999, 25(2): 3-5.
[7]张秀阁,贺景亮,胡起宙. XLPE电缆交流工况下雷电冲击作用的起始放电特性实验研究[J].华北电力, 1999, (7): 16-18.
[8]周湶,陈仕军,廖瑞金,等.二次施压对XLPE电缆电树枝生长特性的影响[J].高压电器, 2010, 46(1): 49-52.
[9]周湶,叶笛,廖瑞金,等.基于不同电极系统的电树枝生长特性的研究[J].高压电器, 2010, 46(1): 12-15.
[10] Villgot Englund, Thomas Hjertberg, Stanislaw Gubanski, et al. Voltage Stabilizers for Improving the Electrical Treeing Resistance of XLPE[J]. Proceedings of 2008 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, 2008: 566-569.
[11] V. Englund, R. Huuva, S. M. Gubanski, et al. Synthesis and Efficiency of Voltage Stabilizers for XLPE Cable Insulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2009, 16(5): 1455-1461.
[12]党智敏,亢婕,屠德民. EAA改性XLPE中空间电荷和电树、水树的关系[J].中国电机工程学报, 2001, 21(7): 5-8.
[13] L. Hui, R. Smith, J.K. Nelson, et al. Electrochemical Treeing in XLPE/silica Nanocomposites[C]. 2009 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 2009: 511-514.
[14] M. Nagao, S. Watanabe, Y. Murakami, et al. Water Tree Retardation of MgO/LDPE and MgO/XLPE Nanocomposites[C]. Proceedings of 2008 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, 2008: 483-486.
[15] M. Kawasumi. The Discovery of Polymer-clay Hybrids[J]. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 2004, 42(4): 819-824.
[16]殷兰兰.蒙脱土的改性及其应用[D].青岛大学, 2005: 1-12.
[17]刘盘阁,官同华.蒙脱土结构特性及在聚合物基纳米复合材料中的应用[J].塑料科技, 2004, (3): 40-45.
[18] RAY S. SINHA. Polymer/layered Silicate Nanocomposites: A Review from Preparation to Processing[J]. Prog. Polym. Sci., 2003, (28): 1539-1641.
[19]周春华,张书香.纳米技术在聚合物改性方面的研究进展[J].工程塑料应用, 2002, 30(12): 59.
[20]戈明亮,徐卫兵.插层法制备复合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展[J].工程塑料应用, 2001, 30(5): 58.
[21]王孝军,杨杰.纳米塑料及其在工程塑料改性中的应用[J].工程塑料应用, 2002, 30(10): 47.
[22]马岩.硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆材料的制备与反应动力学研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学, 2006: 2-11.
[23]何海军.国产塑料给水管的生产技术概况[J].塑料, 1999, 28(2): 29-34.
[24]刘新民,崔涛,李琳.聚乙烯交联改性研究进展[J].合成树脂及塑料, 2003, 20(5): 52.
[25]张丽叶,刘飞跃,杨波.聚乙烯敏化辐射交联研究进展[J].中国塑料, 1999, 13(1): l0.
[26]胡发亭,郭奕崇.交联聚乙烯的应用及技术进展[J].现代塑料加工应用, 2002, 14(2): 61-64.
[27]李静辉.交联聚乙烯开发应用与发展建议[J].现代塑料加工应用, 2004, 16(2): 61-64.
[28]赵长江.交联聚乙烯管材专用料的研究[D].北京化工大学, 2008: 4-22.
[29]甘兴忠.电线电缆绝缘交联聚乙烯交联工艺的分析和对比[J].电线电缆, 2008, (2): 8-11.
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