地震相干分析技术及其在断层解释中应用
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摘要
本文介绍了地震相干分析技术及其在四川龙岗油气勘探区某工区断层解释中的应用。
论文的主要内容与成果如下:
(1)详细阐述了相干技术基本原理、算法发展历程及三代算法的相关知识,分析了相干体解释与常规地震解释的差异。在比较C2、C3相干算法应用的基础上,最终选定C3算法对工区进行相干计算。为达到更好的效果,本文通过实验对不同参数的处理结果进行比较,并选取了矩阵型空间组合方式、11ms相干时窗等相干参数。
(2)结合测井、钻井、地震等资料制作了工区内6口井的合成地震记录,对目的层(上沙溪庙组)进行了标定。综合应用三维地震解释技术、地震图像分析技术与相干分析技术,解释了工区主测线的185条剖面(inline3275-inline4200)与500多个时间切片,共完成143条断层的解释。
(3)利用三维可视化软件展现出主要断层的空间形态特征,并描述了工区内断层的走向、倾向等要素,而且还分析了叠瓦冲断系、断层传播褶皱、背冲隆起、平缓褶皱等主要构造样式。
(4)通过断层与裂缝带的解释分析,将整个工区划分成三个呈北西走向的断裂带,与实际地质资料相吻合。基于对断层分布与连通性的分析,评价了工区上沙溪庙组的空间封闭性,为污水回注工程设计提供了基础资料。
The paper introduced seismic coherent analysis technology and its application in the fault interpretation of target area. In this paper, the target area is located in Sichuan Longgang district of oil and gas exploration.
The main contents and results of this paper are listed as follows:
(1) The paper reviewed in detail the principle of seismic coherence cube and the coherence algorithms of three generations. With comparing the results of C2, C3 coherent algorithm in practical applications, the paper employed C3 coherent algorithm to calculate the 3D target data at last. In order to achieve better effect, this thesis compared the different effect when using different parameters and picked up those optimal ones such as matrix type space combination and 11 ms window.
(2) Based on the data of logging, drilling and seismic etc, synthetic seismograms of 6 wells were made to demarcate the target layer of Shaximiao. And then, the paper applied the technology of the three-dimensional seismic interpretation, seismic images analysis and coherent analysis, and explained 185 profiles along the survey line (inline3275-inline4200) and 500 horizontal slices of the study area. Finally, 143 faults of the target area were explained.
(3) The paper not only used three-dimensional software to display the fault in the place, but also described the fault’s element of this region such as trend and tendency. Some typical structural modes, such as imbricate structure, fault-propagation folds, pop up, arrested anticline, were analysis.
(4) According to the interpretation and analysis of the fault and fracture zones, the target area was divided into three fracture zones which were in NW direction, and they matched the actual geological data well; After that, based on the analysis the faults’distribution and connectivity in the target area, the paper assessed the closure of the target layers of Shaximiao, which can provide basic materials for the effluent discharge.
论文的主要内容与成果如下:
(1)详细阐述了相干技术基本原理、算法发展历程及三代算法的相关知识,分析了相干体解释与常规地震解释的差异。在比较C2、C3相干算法应用的基础上,最终选定C3算法对工区进行相干计算。为达到更好的效果,本文通过实验对不同参数的处理结果进行比较,并选取了矩阵型空间组合方式、11ms相干时窗等相干参数。
(2)结合测井、钻井、地震等资料制作了工区内6口井的合成地震记录,对目的层(上沙溪庙组)进行了标定。综合应用三维地震解释技术、地震图像分析技术与相干分析技术,解释了工区主测线的185条剖面(inline3275-inline4200)与500多个时间切片,共完成143条断层的解释。
(3)利用三维可视化软件展现出主要断层的空间形态特征,并描述了工区内断层的走向、倾向等要素,而且还分析了叠瓦冲断系、断层传播褶皱、背冲隆起、平缓褶皱等主要构造样式。
(4)通过断层与裂缝带的解释分析,将整个工区划分成三个呈北西走向的断裂带,与实际地质资料相吻合。基于对断层分布与连通性的分析,评价了工区上沙溪庙组的空间封闭性,为污水回注工程设计提供了基础资料。
The paper introduced seismic coherent analysis technology and its application in the fault interpretation of target area. In this paper, the target area is located in Sichuan Longgang district of oil and gas exploration.
The main contents and results of this paper are listed as follows:
(1) The paper reviewed in detail the principle of seismic coherence cube and the coherence algorithms of three generations. With comparing the results of C2, C3 coherent algorithm in practical applications, the paper employed C3 coherent algorithm to calculate the 3D target data at last. In order to achieve better effect, this thesis compared the different effect when using different parameters and picked up those optimal ones such as matrix type space combination and 11 ms window.
(2) Based on the data of logging, drilling and seismic etc, synthetic seismograms of 6 wells were made to demarcate the target layer of Shaximiao. And then, the paper applied the technology of the three-dimensional seismic interpretation, seismic images analysis and coherent analysis, and explained 185 profiles along the survey line (inline3275-inline4200) and 500 horizontal slices of the study area. Finally, 143 faults of the target area were explained.
(3) The paper not only used three-dimensional software to display the fault in the place, but also described the fault’s element of this region such as trend and tendency. Some typical structural modes, such as imbricate structure, fault-propagation folds, pop up, arrested anticline, were analysis.
(4) According to the interpretation and analysis of the fault and fracture zones, the target area was divided into three fracture zones which were in NW direction, and they matched the actual geological data well; After that, based on the analysis the faults’distribution and connectivity in the target area, the paper assessed the closure of the target layers of Shaximiao, which can provide basic materials for the effluent discharge.
引文
[1]余德平,曹辉,王咸彬,等.相干数据体及其在三维地震解释中的应用[J].石油物探,1998,37(4):75-79.
[2] Marfurt K J, Sudhaker V, Gersztenkorn A, et al. Coherency Calculations in the Presence of Structural Dip[J]. Geophysics, 1999, 64(1): 104-111.
[3]宋维琪,刘江华.地震多矢量属性相干数据体计算及应用[J].物探与化探,2003,27(2):28-30.
[4]王西文,杨孔庆,周立宏,等.基于小波变换的地震相干体算法研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):847-852.
[5]孙夕平,杜世通.乘幂法在地震属性分析中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(4):316-321.
[6]王永刚.地震资料综合解释方法[M].山东:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[7]王永刚,谢东,乐友喜,等.地震属性分析技术在储层预测中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(3):30-32.
[8]闫德庆,庞留彦,仲其涛,等. C1相干算法及其在三维地震勘探解释中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,23(3):206-209.
[9]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1129-1133.
[10] Gersztenkorn A, Marfurt K J. Eigenstructure-based Coherence Computations as an Aid to 3-D Structural and Stratigraphic Mapping[J].Geophysics, 1999,64(5):1468-1479.
[11]张军华,王月英,赵勇. C3相干体在断层和裂缝识别中的应用[J].地震学报,2004,26(5):560-564.
[12]王一重.构造断层的相干识别技术[D].吉林:吉林大学,2009.
[13] Bahorich M, Farmer S. 3-D Seismic Discontinuity for Faults and Stratigraphic Features: The Coherence Cube [J].The Leading Edge, 1995, 14(10): 1053-1058.
[14]靳玲,张本书,苏桂芝,卢佳岚,等.相干体参数的实验选取[J].断块油气田,2005,12(2):24-27.
[15]向富强.地震相干分析和时频分析方法及其在储层描述中的应用[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007.
[16]曾正明.合成地震记录层位标定若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):576-578.
[17]李定龙,李洪东.土木工程地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[18]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].山东:石油大学出版社,1993.
[19]张延章,韩品龙,池永红,等.地震相干技术的应用及效果分析[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(3):215-217.
[20] SUPPE J. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding [J]. Amer Jour Sci, 1983, 28(3): 684-721.
[21] Peyton L, Bottjer R, Partyka G. Interpretation of incised valleys using new 3-D seismic techniques: A case history using spectral decomposition and coherency [J]. The Leading EDGE, 1998, 17(9):1294-1298.
[22]徐开礼,朱志澄.构造地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[23]韩文功.地震技术新进展[M].山东:石油大学出版社,2006.
[24] Bahorich M, Farmer S.3-D Seismic Discontinuity for Faults and Stratigraphic Features: The Coherence Cube [J].The Leading Edge, 1995, 14(10):1053-1058.
[25]孙夕平,杜世通.相干体技术算法研究及其在地震资料解释中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(2):32-35.
[26]余德平,曹辉,郭全仕.应用三维相干技术进行精细地震解释[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):83-88.
[27]苑书金.地震相干体技术的研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1):7-15.
[28]王涛,张群会.特征构造相干体方法的研究[J].科技信息(学术研究),2008:447.
[29]蒋韧,樊太亮,徐守礼.地震地貌学概念与分析技术[J].岩性油气藏, 2008,20(1):33-38.
[30]曹辉.地震属性应用中几个关键问题的探讨[J].石油物探, 2004,43(S1):1-3.
[31]朱玉波,陆光辉,李琳,等.地震属性优化提取及实例分析[J].石油物探,2004,43(S1):91-93.
[32]邓广军.龙门山前缘带构造样式与构造演化研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2005.
[33]崔若飞,赵爱华.利用模式识别方法解释微小断层[J].中国矿业大学地质系,1995,30(4):556-566.
[34] [美]R.E.布莱赫特著,肖先赐,等译.信号处理的快速算法[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[35]宋维琪,刘江华.地震多矢量属性相干数据体计算及应用[J].物探与化探,2003,27(2):128-130.
[36]程乾生.数字信号处理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[37]孙夕平,杨国权.三维地震相干体技术在目标区沉积相研究中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):591-594.
[2] Marfurt K J, Sudhaker V, Gersztenkorn A, et al. Coherency Calculations in the Presence of Structural Dip[J]. Geophysics, 1999, 64(1): 104-111.
[3]宋维琪,刘江华.地震多矢量属性相干数据体计算及应用[J].物探与化探,2003,27(2):28-30.
[4]王西文,杨孔庆,周立宏,等.基于小波变换的地震相干体算法研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):847-852.
[5]孙夕平,杜世通.乘幂法在地震属性分析中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(4):316-321.
[6]王永刚.地震资料综合解释方法[M].山东:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[7]王永刚,谢东,乐友喜,等.地震属性分析技术在储层预测中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(3):30-32.
[8]闫德庆,庞留彦,仲其涛,等. C1相干算法及其在三维地震勘探解释中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,23(3):206-209.
[9]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1129-1133.
[10] Gersztenkorn A, Marfurt K J. Eigenstructure-based Coherence Computations as an Aid to 3-D Structural and Stratigraphic Mapping[J].Geophysics, 1999,64(5):1468-1479.
[11]张军华,王月英,赵勇. C3相干体在断层和裂缝识别中的应用[J].地震学报,2004,26(5):560-564.
[12]王一重.构造断层的相干识别技术[D].吉林:吉林大学,2009.
[13] Bahorich M, Farmer S. 3-D Seismic Discontinuity for Faults and Stratigraphic Features: The Coherence Cube [J].The Leading Edge, 1995, 14(10): 1053-1058.
[14]靳玲,张本书,苏桂芝,卢佳岚,等.相干体参数的实验选取[J].断块油气田,2005,12(2):24-27.
[15]向富强.地震相干分析和时频分析方法及其在储层描述中的应用[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007.
[16]曾正明.合成地震记录层位标定若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):576-578.
[17]李定龙,李洪东.土木工程地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[18]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].山东:石油大学出版社,1993.
[19]张延章,韩品龙,池永红,等.地震相干技术的应用及效果分析[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(3):215-217.
[20] SUPPE J. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding [J]. Amer Jour Sci, 1983, 28(3): 684-721.
[21] Peyton L, Bottjer R, Partyka G. Interpretation of incised valleys using new 3-D seismic techniques: A case history using spectral decomposition and coherency [J]. The Leading EDGE, 1998, 17(9):1294-1298.
[22]徐开礼,朱志澄.构造地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[23]韩文功.地震技术新进展[M].山东:石油大学出版社,2006.
[24] Bahorich M, Farmer S.3-D Seismic Discontinuity for Faults and Stratigraphic Features: The Coherence Cube [J].The Leading Edge, 1995, 14(10):1053-1058.
[25]孙夕平,杜世通.相干体技术算法研究及其在地震资料解释中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(2):32-35.
[26]余德平,曹辉,郭全仕.应用三维相干技术进行精细地震解释[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):83-88.
[27]苑书金.地震相干体技术的研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1):7-15.
[28]王涛,张群会.特征构造相干体方法的研究[J].科技信息(学术研究),2008:447.
[29]蒋韧,樊太亮,徐守礼.地震地貌学概念与分析技术[J].岩性油气藏, 2008,20(1):33-38.
[30]曹辉.地震属性应用中几个关键问题的探讨[J].石油物探, 2004,43(S1):1-3.
[31]朱玉波,陆光辉,李琳,等.地震属性优化提取及实例分析[J].石油物探,2004,43(S1):91-93.
[32]邓广军.龙门山前缘带构造样式与构造演化研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2005.
[33]崔若飞,赵爱华.利用模式识别方法解释微小断层[J].中国矿业大学地质系,1995,30(4):556-566.
[34] [美]R.E.布莱赫特著,肖先赐,等译.信号处理的快速算法[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[35]宋维琪,刘江华.地震多矢量属性相干数据体计算及应用[J].物探与化探,2003,27(2):128-130.
[36]程乾生.数字信号处理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[37]孙夕平,杨国权.三维地震相干体技术在目标区沉积相研究中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):591-594.