新型水溶性防锈抗磨多功能添加剂的研究
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摘要
现代水基润滑剂研究的关键是无毒、环境友好、高效的多功能水溶性添加剂的研制。为了满足现代加工水平和绿色制造的要求,本工作主要从事抗磨和防锈的多功能水基添加剂的研究。
由于羧酸及衍生物的来源广泛,有的羧酸又有一定的抗磨或防锈性能,所以本文首先对不同结构和链长的有机羧酸及衍生物醇胺盐的防锈性能和抗磨、减摩性能进行系统考察研究。发现随着烷基碳链的增长、极性基团的增多(增强)水溶性羧酸醇胺盐的防锈性能变好,二元酸醇胺盐的防锈性能比相同链长一元酸好,而一元酸的醇胺盐比相同链长的二元酸醇胺盐有更好的抗磨和减摩性能。将性能优异的醇胺盐型抗磨和防锈剂复配,研制得到SDCF-1。SDCF-1可作为适用于一般水质的切削和磨削液,已获得性能优良的实用效果。
鉴于适用于特殊工况条件(抗高硬水)的水基润滑添加剂的缺乏,为了得到抗硬水的高效水溶性抗磨和防锈添加剂,通过对有机羧酸及衍生物醇胺盐的构效研究,进行新型水基添加剂分子设计,合成一系列N-酰基氨基酸衍生物(氨基酸有:脯氨酸,苯丙氨酸,谷氨酸,天门冬氨酸,肌氨酸,甲硫氨酸(蛋氨酸),半胱氨酸),并对N-酰基氨基酸醇胺盐的抗硬水能力、防锈性能和润滑性能进行考察。发现N-酰基氨基酸衍生物都有一定的防锈和润滑性能;而且N-辛酰谷氨酸,N-辛酰天门冬氨酸和N-月桂酰基肌氨酸等有优良的抗硬水能力(能抗2000ppm硬水)和热稳定性,并进行了络合机理的探讨。发现含有两个羧基的N-辛酰基的氨基酸衍生物如N-辛酰谷氨酸和N-辛酰天门冬氨酸三乙醇胺的防锈性能最好;N-油酰谷氨酸三乙醇胺盐表现出较好的摩擦学特性(15 mmol/L N-油酰谷氨酸三乙醇胺盐的磨斑直径D_(10")~(519N)为0.36mm,摩擦系数μ为0.090)。研究发现含硫的N-长碳链酰基氨基酸有很突出的抗磨、减摩性能和优良的承载能力。当N-月桂酰半光氨酸三乙醇胺为0.6%时,水溶液的PB值最高达980N,磨斑直径(D_(10")~(519N)是0.31 mm,摩擦系数(μ)为0.039。在磨削应用试验中,加工工件呈现出优异的光洁度(45~#碳钢Ra=0.4um)。研究还发现:N-辛酰谷氨酸三乙醇胺盐和钙离子的络合比为2:1。N-长碳链酰基氨基酸醇胺盐具有较好的抗菌
It is the key point of modern water-based cutting fluid that study and develop the nontoxic, high effective additives with multifunction. Recently, more attentions have been paid to the multifunctional water-based lubricating additives to meet requirements of modern metal processing and green manufacture. In this thesis,the multifunctional additives including rust-inhibiting and anti-wear properties were studied.
Effect of chemical structure of the organic acid and their derivative triethanolamine salts on rust-inhibiting and tribological behavior in water has been systematically investigated due to their special properties of rust-inhibiting or anti-wear. Test results showed that the rust-inhibiting property became better with the increase of the length of alkyl-chain of the aliphatic mono-acid triethanolamine salt (C_8-C_(14)) and with the increase of the number of polar groups in 1% aqueous solution. The rust-inhibiting property of aliphatic binary acid triethanolamine salt was better than that of the mono-acids. However, the anti-wear and friction-reducing ability of monoacid triethanolamine salts were better than that of binary acid triethanolamine salts. The fluid of SDCF-1 was prepared by mixed good rust-inhibiting property with anti-wear property additive of organic acid triethanolamine salts. In addition, SDCF-1 can have excellent practical effect in the general water when acting as cutting and grinding fluids.
The reason to develop multifunctional soluble water additives with anti-hard water property is the shortage of water-based lubrication with anti-hard water property. For that, a series of N-acylated amino acids, such as Proline, Phenylalamine, Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Sarcosine, Cysteine, Methionine, have been prepared based on molecular design method. The given results showed that most of the N-acylamino acids have exhibited good rust inhibiting and tribological behavior in water by systematical investigation. Some additives, such as N-octanoyl glutamic acid, N-octanoyl aspartic acid and N-dodecanoyl Sarcosine, have properties of anti-hard
由于羧酸及衍生物的来源广泛,有的羧酸又有一定的抗磨或防锈性能,所以本文首先对不同结构和链长的有机羧酸及衍生物醇胺盐的防锈性能和抗磨、减摩性能进行系统考察研究。发现随着烷基碳链的增长、极性基团的增多(增强)水溶性羧酸醇胺盐的防锈性能变好,二元酸醇胺盐的防锈性能比相同链长一元酸好,而一元酸的醇胺盐比相同链长的二元酸醇胺盐有更好的抗磨和减摩性能。将性能优异的醇胺盐型抗磨和防锈剂复配,研制得到SDCF-1。SDCF-1可作为适用于一般水质的切削和磨削液,已获得性能优良的实用效果。
鉴于适用于特殊工况条件(抗高硬水)的水基润滑添加剂的缺乏,为了得到抗硬水的高效水溶性抗磨和防锈添加剂,通过对有机羧酸及衍生物醇胺盐的构效研究,进行新型水基添加剂分子设计,合成一系列N-酰基氨基酸衍生物(氨基酸有:脯氨酸,苯丙氨酸,谷氨酸,天门冬氨酸,肌氨酸,甲硫氨酸(蛋氨酸),半胱氨酸),并对N-酰基氨基酸醇胺盐的抗硬水能力、防锈性能和润滑性能进行考察。发现N-酰基氨基酸衍生物都有一定的防锈和润滑性能;而且N-辛酰谷氨酸,N-辛酰天门冬氨酸和N-月桂酰基肌氨酸等有优良的抗硬水能力(能抗2000ppm硬水)和热稳定性,并进行了络合机理的探讨。发现含有两个羧基的N-辛酰基的氨基酸衍生物如N-辛酰谷氨酸和N-辛酰天门冬氨酸三乙醇胺的防锈性能最好;N-油酰谷氨酸三乙醇胺盐表现出较好的摩擦学特性(15 mmol/L N-油酰谷氨酸三乙醇胺盐的磨斑直径D_(10")~(519N)为0.36mm,摩擦系数μ为0.090)。研究发现含硫的N-长碳链酰基氨基酸有很突出的抗磨、减摩性能和优良的承载能力。当N-月桂酰半光氨酸三乙醇胺为0.6%时,水溶液的PB值最高达980N,磨斑直径(D_(10")~(519N)是0.31 mm,摩擦系数(μ)为0.039。在磨削应用试验中,加工工件呈现出优异的光洁度(45~#碳钢Ra=0.4um)。研究还发现:N-辛酰谷氨酸三乙醇胺盐和钙离子的络合比为2:1。N-长碳链酰基氨基酸醇胺盐具有较好的抗菌
It is the key point of modern water-based cutting fluid that study and develop the nontoxic, high effective additives with multifunction. Recently, more attentions have been paid to the multifunctional water-based lubricating additives to meet requirements of modern metal processing and green manufacture. In this thesis,the multifunctional additives including rust-inhibiting and anti-wear properties were studied.
Effect of chemical structure of the organic acid and their derivative triethanolamine salts on rust-inhibiting and tribological behavior in water has been systematically investigated due to their special properties of rust-inhibiting or anti-wear. Test results showed that the rust-inhibiting property became better with the increase of the length of alkyl-chain of the aliphatic mono-acid triethanolamine salt (C_8-C_(14)) and with the increase of the number of polar groups in 1% aqueous solution. The rust-inhibiting property of aliphatic binary acid triethanolamine salt was better than that of the mono-acids. However, the anti-wear and friction-reducing ability of monoacid triethanolamine salts were better than that of binary acid triethanolamine salts. The fluid of SDCF-1 was prepared by mixed good rust-inhibiting property with anti-wear property additive of organic acid triethanolamine salts. In addition, SDCF-1 can have excellent practical effect in the general water when acting as cutting and grinding fluids.
The reason to develop multifunctional soluble water additives with anti-hard water property is the shortage of water-based lubrication with anti-hard water property. For that, a series of N-acylated amino acids, such as Proline, Phenylalamine, Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Sarcosine, Cysteine, Methionine, have been prepared based on molecular design method. The given results showed that most of the N-acylamino acids have exhibited good rust inhibiting and tribological behavior in water by systematical investigation. Some additives, such as N-octanoyl glutamic acid, N-octanoyl aspartic acid and N-dodecanoyl Sarcosine, have properties of anti-hard
引文
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