太原盆地土壤重金属元素分布特征及预警模型研究
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摘要
本文采用等值线图、多重分形、系统动力学建模等方法,主要研究了太原盆地土壤中八种重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu的来源及分布规律,并基于地球化学数据建立了生态地球化学预警模型。具体工作及成果如下:
首先,根据太原盆地深层土壤样品的测试数据按照迭代剔除求平均值的方法计算了区域土壤背景值,对照盆地浅层土壤测试数据分析了盆地中重金属元素的污染状况,认为Hg,Cd,As三种元素污染情况最为严重。结合工矿企业分布情况来追踪八种重金属元素的来源,认为太原市内主要工厂排污较为严重。
其次,将太原市和太原盆地深、浅层数据在双对数坐标下,分别作出八种重金属元素的多重分形图,对八种重金属元素在生态环境中的影响作用进行了统计分析,总结了重金属元素的分形规律,得出了各影响因素的相对重要性排序,发现太原市Cd,Hg污染严重且Ni污染趋势在加大,元素Pb则在减小;太原盆地Hg污染趋势在加大,Cd元素污染趋势在减小。
最后,首次运用系统动力学理论,借助软件通过盆地地球化学数据进行建模,根据元素多重分形结果建立系统动力学环境预警模型,采用样品平均值对重金属元素污染趋势进行模拟预警,求出了各元素的预警值并做综合预警图。证明了系统动力学模型在生态地球化学上的应用是可行的,也指出了该模型的不足之处,并为预警模型的进一步应用提出了参考性建议。
In this paper,the sources and distribution law of 8 heavy-metal elements Cd,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn,As,and Cu in the soil of the Taiyuan Basin are researched by such methods as contour map,multifractal, system dynamics modeling etc,and the early warning model of eco-geochemistry is set up based on the geochemical data. The material works and the achievements are as follows.First of all,the background values of the soil in TaiYuan Basin are calculated on the basis of the deep soil data tested,according to the iterative eliminate average value method. Comparing the shallow layer's data with the background values, we analyze the pollution status of the soil in the basin, and suggest that the three elements of Hg,Cd,As are the most serious in pollution. Tracing the sources of the heavy metal elements by associating with the distributive situation of the industrical and mineral enterprises indicates that the elements were principally expelled from the factories.Secondly,the multifractal pictures of 8 heavy-metal elements are drawn under pairs of logarithm coordinates by using the data of shallow and deep layers of the soil in the city and the basin. Statistic analysis of the influence and function in the ecological environmental and the fractal law of the heavy-metal elements show the order of significance of the influential factors, and it is suggested that the Taiyuan city is seriously polluted by Cd,Hg,and the pollution trend of Ni is to strenthen while Pb is reducing.Comparatively,in the Taiyuan basin,the pollution trend of Hg is to strengthen and Cd' s reducing.Finally,using the theory of System Dynamics,we have carried on modeling through the basin geochemical data in virtue of the software. And according to multifracal' s result of elements, adopting sample average value to limitate prewarning of the pollution trend of the heavy metallic elements, we have gained the early warning value and maded comprehensive prewarning illustration. Furthermore,we have proved that
the application of the model of System Dynamics is feasible in Eco-geochemistry,and have pointed out the disadvantage of the model. In this paper we has also put forward suggestions worth referencing for the farther application of the early warning model.
首先,根据太原盆地深层土壤样品的测试数据按照迭代剔除求平均值的方法计算了区域土壤背景值,对照盆地浅层土壤测试数据分析了盆地中重金属元素的污染状况,认为Hg,Cd,As三种元素污染情况最为严重。结合工矿企业分布情况来追踪八种重金属元素的来源,认为太原市内主要工厂排污较为严重。
其次,将太原市和太原盆地深、浅层数据在双对数坐标下,分别作出八种重金属元素的多重分形图,对八种重金属元素在生态环境中的影响作用进行了统计分析,总结了重金属元素的分形规律,得出了各影响因素的相对重要性排序,发现太原市Cd,Hg污染严重且Ni污染趋势在加大,元素Pb则在减小;太原盆地Hg污染趋势在加大,Cd元素污染趋势在减小。
最后,首次运用系统动力学理论,借助软件通过盆地地球化学数据进行建模,根据元素多重分形结果建立系统动力学环境预警模型,采用样品平均值对重金属元素污染趋势进行模拟预警,求出了各元素的预警值并做综合预警图。证明了系统动力学模型在生态地球化学上的应用是可行的,也指出了该模型的不足之处,并为预警模型的进一步应用提出了参考性建议。
In this paper,the sources and distribution law of 8 heavy-metal elements Cd,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn,As,and Cu in the soil of the Taiyuan Basin are researched by such methods as contour map,multifractal, system dynamics modeling etc,and the early warning model of eco-geochemistry is set up based on the geochemical data. The material works and the achievements are as follows.First of all,the background values of the soil in TaiYuan Basin are calculated on the basis of the deep soil data tested,according to the iterative eliminate average value method. Comparing the shallow layer's data with the background values, we analyze the pollution status of the soil in the basin, and suggest that the three elements of Hg,Cd,As are the most serious in pollution. Tracing the sources of the heavy metal elements by associating with the distributive situation of the industrical and mineral enterprises indicates that the elements were principally expelled from the factories.Secondly,the multifractal pictures of 8 heavy-metal elements are drawn under pairs of logarithm coordinates by using the data of shallow and deep layers of the soil in the city and the basin. Statistic analysis of the influence and function in the ecological environmental and the fractal law of the heavy-metal elements show the order of significance of the influential factors, and it is suggested that the Taiyuan city is seriously polluted by Cd,Hg,and the pollution trend of Ni is to strenthen while Pb is reducing.Comparatively,in the Taiyuan basin,the pollution trend of Hg is to strengthen and Cd' s reducing.Finally,using the theory of System Dynamics,we have carried on modeling through the basin geochemical data in virtue of the software. And according to multifracal' s result of elements, adopting sample average value to limitate prewarning of the pollution trend of the heavy metallic elements, we have gained the early warning value and maded comprehensive prewarning illustration. Furthermore,we have proved that
the application of the model of System Dynamics is feasible in Eco-geochemistry,and have pointed out the disadvantage of the model. In this paper we has also put forward suggestions worth referencing for the farther application of the early warning model.
引文
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