澳大利亚学校价值观教育研究
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摘要
价值观教育的兴起,可以说是自20世纪80年代末以来澳大利亚课程改革的一个最显著特征。近20年的发展使价值观教育理论和实践逐渐丰富。本文通过对当代澳大利亚价值观教育的教育理论和实践的介绍,力图探求21世纪的价值观教育应该具有什么样的特征以及当代澳大利亚价值观教育对我国道德教育的启示。希望能让国内更多的人从宏观上了解澳大利亚的道德教育。论文主要包括四个部分:
     第一部分,澳大利亚道德教育的历史考察。价值观教育是20世纪80年代末出现的一个新名词,它的出现并不是凭空产生的。要想对价值观教育有个全面的了解,必须要先了解其历史渊源。虽然真正的价值观教育在澳大利亚存在的历史并不长,但包括价值观教育内涵的道德教育却是从土著时期就已经存在。从土著时期至上世纪80年代末,澳大利亚的道德教育经历了三个阶段,并随着时代的要求和社会的发展最终推动了价值观教育的开展,这三个阶段分别是:传统道德教育兴盛时期、传统道德教育质疑时期和多元文化价值观冲突时期。
     第二部分,当代澳大利亚价值观教育的兴起的原因、表现和基本主张。在了解了澳大利亚价值观教育的前身之后,笔者开始对其进行全面剖析,首先,读者必须要先了解其兴起的原因和表现。价值观兴起的原因主要有四个方面,包括:青少年失业问题的反思、新保守主义理论的影响、公立学校危机的发生以及相关教育项目的推动。兴起的表现也包括四个方面:相关的教育理论建设、研讨会的召开、政府的支持和试点学校的开展。当代澳大利亚价值观教育的基本主张包括两个方面:主要内容和实施原则,这些主张是澳大利亚学校进行价值观教育实践的参考依据。
     第三部分,对当代澳大利亚价值观教育的实践探索。任何一项理论研究的出现最终都会落实在实践当中,澳大利亚价值观教育也不例外,在探索价值观教育的实践方面,笔者选择了两个视角:一个是学校在开展价值观教育方面所采取的措施,另一个则是社会和家长对价值观教育的辅助和配合。
     第四部分,对当代价值观教育的评价以及借鉴。当代澳大利亚价值观教育运动在改善公立学校形象,实现全国认可、影响学生行为方面已初有成效,明显地促进了学生价值观的发展。但是当代澳大利亚价值观教育运动要想获得进一步发展,必须要解决理论建设所面临的问题,仅仅解决其基本的理论概念和实施原则是不够的,还必须进行深入的研究,同时,任何一项教育改革运动的开展,都会遇到来自各方面的阻力,由于澳大利亚是一个文化自由的国家,其对核心价值观的提倡也受到了部分来自教师和家长不同程度的反对。此外,澳大利亚学校价值观教育的开展也给了我国道德教育许多启示,笔者认为包括四个方面:开展价值观教育、运用灵活多样的教育形式、创建安全、支持性的校园环境、为学生提供价值实践机会。
The rising of Values Education is the most notable trait of the curriculum reform in Australia from 1990s, its ideas and practices grow more and more mature now, this paper introduces the educational theories and practices of Values Education, it is hoped to shed light on the moral education in China. The whole thesis is made of 4 parts:
     The first part is about the history of moral education in Australia .it is necessary and helpful to know the history of moral education before we study values education. It can be divided into three stages from aborigine time to late 1980s: the silver age of tradition moral education from colony time to 1920s; the doubt age of tradition moral education from 1920s to 1960s, and the conflict age of multicultural values. We can find the inevitability of values education in this time.
     The second part is about the reasons , exhibitions and opinions of the values education. This part tells about why the values education happened, what we can find to prove it's existing.and what opinions it argues.
     The third part is about the school practices about values education. The focus is more about school atmosphere building, school courses, manners the teachers used, activities the students joined. And the assistant from society and families.
     The last part is about the evaluation of values education; we had found it gets a great success on improving public school's status. And it influences students' actions, too. but it also has meet many challenges to get over, such as how to get more help and encourages from society and families.
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