新时期我国农村养老保障问题研究
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摘要
在世界各国老龄化现象日趋严重的背景下,我国作为世界第一人口大国,也正在向老年社会迈进,老年人的养老问题越来越突出。相对于城市而言,农村老年人口基数大,老龄化速度快,老年人口数量增长快,使农村养老问题成为一个显著问题,成为关系到国家安定、民生改善的重要课题,成为理论界和政策制定部门的研究重点。随着2003年我国开展新型农村合作医疗制度、2006年农村五保户供养纳入财政预算、2007年开始强力推进农村最低生活保障制度以来, 2009年我国又决定推进农民养老保险制度试点。针对此,本文运用案例分析的方法对通化市农村养老保障现状、试点开展情况进行了深入分析和研究。发现总结通化市在推行农村养老保险制度试点过程中,存在的农村经济基础薄弱、传统农村养老功能逐渐弱化、农村集体养老难以维系和现行农村社会养老保险制度不完善等方面问题。在对这些问题的根源进行系统分析的基础上,创新性地提出积极推进农村新型社会养老保险的试点改革、发挥土地保障功能、完善家庭养老方式、开展社区养老服务、分类别分层次推进农村养老保障制度等加强和改进我国农村养老保障体系的具有可操作性的综合性思路,为我国农村养老保险体制的研究提供了一个新视角,期望能够对我国农村养老保障体系的完善有启发和推动作用。
Following the accelerated speed of population aging in world, the problem of supporting rural old-age population has become prominent in our country as China being the largest populous and marching toward the aging society. In contrast to cities, the large population base of rural elderly and fast growing of the elderly making the rural pension issue become a significant problem related to national’s stability and people's living. Since 2003, China carried out with the new rural cooperative medical care system ; in 2006 the rural households enjoying five guarantees were included into budget supporting and 2007 China started building strong rural minimum living security system , China had decided to promote pilots of old-age insurance system for the farmers in 2009. This Paper is going to analyze in-depth in the case studies of rural old-age security status in the Tonghua City and pilots to concluded issues contained in the process of implementing of the pilot rural endowment insurance. Those issues were the weakness of rural economic base, the gradual weakening of the traditional function of rural old-age, difficult to maintain the rural collective and the existing rural old-age social pension insurance system is imperfect, etc. On the basis of a systematic analysis to these issues` root, this paper has created an innovative and comprehensive idea of strengthening and improving of our country’s rural old-age security system through promoting pilots of old-age insurance system for the farmers, playing a security function of land, building perfect way of family pension, Developing of community care service and promoting the old-age security system in rural by category and levels. This paper was expected to instructively functioned on the rural pension system build and promote the, but also hope that more workers in the theory and practice more in-depth study and discussion of this issue.
Following the accelerated speed of population aging in world, the problem of supporting rural old-age population has become prominent in our country as China being the largest populous and marching toward the aging society. In contrast to cities, the large population base of rural elderly and fast growing of the elderly making the rural pension issue become a significant problem related to national’s stability and people's living. Since 2003, China carried out with the new rural cooperative medical care system ; in 2006 the rural households enjoying five guarantees were included into budget supporting and 2007 China started building strong rural minimum living security system , China had decided to promote pilots of old-age insurance system for the farmers in 2009. This Paper is going to analyze in-depth in the case studies of rural old-age security status in the Tonghua City and pilots to concluded issues contained in the process of implementing of the pilot rural endowment insurance. Those issues were the weakness of rural economic base, the gradual weakening of the traditional function of rural old-age, difficult to maintain the rural collective and the existing rural old-age social pension insurance system is imperfect, etc. On the basis of a systematic analysis to these issues` root, this paper has created an innovative and comprehensive idea of strengthening and improving of our country’s rural old-age security system through promoting pilots of old-age insurance system for the farmers, playing a security function of land, building perfect way of family pension, Developing of community care service and promoting the old-age security system in rural by category and levels. This paper was expected to instructively functioned on the rural pension system build and promote the, but also hope that more workers in the theory and practice more in-depth study and discussion of this issue.
引文
①郑功成.社会保障学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000年,第26页。
①王芳,王天意.农村社会养老保险.构建和谐社会需要破解的难题(上)[J].社会保障制度,2005(10)。
①参:姚远.农村家庭养老能走多远[J].人口研究,2003 (06).
①邢艳利.我国农村社会保障现状分析[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,(5).
①参陆解芬.论政府在农村养老社会保险体系建构中的作用[J].理论探讨,2004(03).
①王小英.论“以土地换保障”一个解决农村养老保险资金来源问题的新思路[J].中南财经政法大学研究生学报,2007(3).
①王如鹏.论有传统文化属性的农村养老保障模式的建立[J].通化师范学院学报,2009(7).
②参赵立新.社区服务型居家养老:当前我国农村养老的理性选择[J].广西社会科学2006(12).
[1]黄长春.贫困地区农村五保供养问题的思考[N].中国社会报2006-02-22.
[2]郑功成.社会保障学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[3]全国老龄办.中国人口老龄化发展趋势预测研究报告[R].2006-2-23.
[4]戴卫东.流动大潮背后的农村养老保障[J].社会保障制度,2006(02).
[5]王国军.社会保障.从二元到三维[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2005.
[6]王芳.王天意.农村社会养老保险.构建和谐社会需要破解的难题(上)[J].社会保障制度,2005(10).
[7]劳动和社会保障部.2005年度劳动和社会保障事业发展统计公报[R],2005.
[8]贺翔、聂聃.我国农村养老保险存在的问题与解决思路[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2005(03).
[9]王天意.中国农村社会养老保险的困惑与出路.中国(海南)改革发展研究院和德国技术合作公司联合举办的第53次国际论坛“政府转型与建设和谐社会”.
[10]王义江.浅谈农村社会养老保险[J].乌鲁木齐成人教育学院学报,2004(04).
[11]高爱华.家庭养老:目前我国农村养老模式的现实选择[J].河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002 (02).
[12]张桂琳.七国社会保障制度研究兼论我国社会保障制度建设[M].北京:中国政法大学出版,2005.
[13]姚远.农村家庭养老能走多远[J].人口研究,2003 (06).
[14]陆解芬.论政府在农村养老社会保险体系建构中的作用[J].理论探讨,2004(03).
[15]朱俊生.国外农民社会养老保险制度的发展及其启示[J].人口与经济,2004(04).
[16]廖鸿.社会福利黄皮书-中国社会福利与社会进步报告(2000)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000(2).
[17]庆平.中国的家与国[M].吉林:吉林文史出版社,2007.
[18]刘英.中国婚姻家庭研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003.
[19]姚远.政府在家庭养老中的地位与作用[J].西北人口,2004(02).
[20]伍莲.养老难点在农村[D].人民日报2007-5-31.
[21]我国农村社会养老保险现状[OD/OL].合作经济与科技,2008.4.30, http://www.jjykj.com/wenzhang/viewnews.asp?id=6584
[22]成海军.中国农村养老方式的现状与前瞻[J].广东社会科学,2007.
[23]李薇薇、郑玮娜.我国老年人口6成分布农村探索农村养老制度[DB/OL].新华网,2006.12.12,http://news.xinhuanet.com/newcountryside/2006-12/12/content_5473735.htm
[24]顾文静.我国农村养老保险的困境与出路[J].农业经济,2003 (09).
[25]邢艳利.我国农村社会保障现状分析[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,(5).
[26]徐光志.多元化农村养老保障制度的建构[J].长白学刊,2008(1).
[27]骆德春.吉林省农村养老保险现状调查与思考——“统筹城乡养老保险制度”调研报告[J].劳动保障世界,2009(1).
[28]王小英.论“以土地换保障”一个解决农村养老保险资金来源问题的新思路[J].中南财经政法大学研究生学报,2007(3).
[29]王如鹏.论有传统文化属性的农村养老保障模式的建立[J].通化师范学院学报,2009(7).
[30]赵立新.社区服务型居家养老:当前我国农村养老的理性选择[J].广西社会科学2006(12).
①王芳,王天意.农村社会养老保险.构建和谐社会需要破解的难题(上)[J].社会保障制度,2005(10)。
①参:姚远.农村家庭养老能走多远[J].人口研究,2003 (06).
①邢艳利.我国农村社会保障现状分析[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,(5).
①参陆解芬.论政府在农村养老社会保险体系建构中的作用[J].理论探讨,2004(03).
①王小英.论“以土地换保障”一个解决农村养老保险资金来源问题的新思路[J].中南财经政法大学研究生学报,2007(3).
①王如鹏.论有传统文化属性的农村养老保障模式的建立[J].通化师范学院学报,2009(7).
②参赵立新.社区服务型居家养老:当前我国农村养老的理性选择[J].广西社会科学2006(12).
[1]黄长春.贫困地区农村五保供养问题的思考[N].中国社会报2006-02-22.
[2]郑功成.社会保障学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[3]全国老龄办.中国人口老龄化发展趋势预测研究报告[R].2006-2-23.
[4]戴卫东.流动大潮背后的农村养老保障[J].社会保障制度,2006(02).
[5]王国军.社会保障.从二元到三维[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2005.
[6]王芳.王天意.农村社会养老保险.构建和谐社会需要破解的难题(上)[J].社会保障制度,2005(10).
[7]劳动和社会保障部.2005年度劳动和社会保障事业发展统计公报[R],2005.
[8]贺翔、聂聃.我国农村养老保险存在的问题与解决思路[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2005(03).
[9]王天意.中国农村社会养老保险的困惑与出路.中国(海南)改革发展研究院和德国技术合作公司联合举办的第53次国际论坛“政府转型与建设和谐社会”.
[10]王义江.浅谈农村社会养老保险[J].乌鲁木齐成人教育学院学报,2004(04).
[11]高爱华.家庭养老:目前我国农村养老模式的现实选择[J].河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002 (02).
[12]张桂琳.七国社会保障制度研究兼论我国社会保障制度建设[M].北京:中国政法大学出版,2005.
[13]姚远.农村家庭养老能走多远[J].人口研究,2003 (06).
[14]陆解芬.论政府在农村养老社会保险体系建构中的作用[J].理论探讨,2004(03).
[15]朱俊生.国外农民社会养老保险制度的发展及其启示[J].人口与经济,2004(04).
[16]廖鸿.社会福利黄皮书-中国社会福利与社会进步报告(2000)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000(2).
[17]庆平.中国的家与国[M].吉林:吉林文史出版社,2007.
[18]刘英.中国婚姻家庭研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003.
[19]姚远.政府在家庭养老中的地位与作用[J].西北人口,2004(02).
[20]伍莲.养老难点在农村[D].人民日报2007-5-31.
[21]我国农村社会养老保险现状[OD/OL].合作经济与科技,2008.4.30, http://www.jjykj.com/wenzhang/viewnews.asp?id=6584
[22]成海军.中国农村养老方式的现状与前瞻[J].广东社会科学,2007.
[23]李薇薇、郑玮娜.我国老年人口6成分布农村探索农村养老制度[DB/OL].新华网,2006.12.12,http://news.xinhuanet.com/newcountryside/2006-12/12/content_5473735.htm
[24]顾文静.我国农村养老保险的困境与出路[J].农业经济,2003 (09).
[25]邢艳利.我国农村社会保障现状分析[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,(5).
[26]徐光志.多元化农村养老保障制度的建构[J].长白学刊,2008(1).
[27]骆德春.吉林省农村养老保险现状调查与思考——“统筹城乡养老保险制度”调研报告[J].劳动保障世界,2009(1).
[28]王小英.论“以土地换保障”一个解决农村养老保险资金来源问题的新思路[J].中南财经政法大学研究生学报,2007(3).
[29]王如鹏.论有传统文化属性的农村养老保障模式的建立[J].通化师范学院学报,2009(7).
[30]赵立新.社区服务型居家养老:当前我国农村养老的理性选择[J].广西社会科学2006(12).