中英两国国际政治新闻语篇对比分析
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摘要
本论文旨在对国际政治新闻这一新闻语篇的次语体从功能语法和批评分析的角度进行对比分析。论文分为四章,主要内容如下:
论文第一章是对国际政治新闻语篇研究的文献综述。本章首先追溯了国内外对新闻语篇的研究发展。新闻语篇的早期研究主要是对新闻文体特征的研究。王佐良、丁往道、Brook、Crystal、Davy在他们各自的文体学论著中总结了新闻语篇的文体特征。随着Halliday的系统功能语法的流行,尚媛媛、陈冬纯、梁鲁晋等学者将系统功能分析的理论应用于新闻语篇的分析。新闻语篇分析从文体描写发展为注重新闻语篇的社会功能的功能分析。自问世以来,批评语篇分析一直被广泛应用于新闻语篇的分析。Van Dijk、Fowler、Fairclough、陈中竺、辛斌等学者为新闻语篇的批评性分析做出了贡献。Scollon、刘宓庆、刘其中等学者都曾致力于新闻语篇的对比分析。随着对新闻语篇了解的加深,研究者们开始将注意力转向新闻语体这一合成语体的次语体研究。国际政治新闻语篇作为次语体之一开始受到人们的关注。杨雪燕研究了国际政治新闻语篇的文体特征,她的研究生邓小文将系统功能语法应用于英语国际政治新闻的汉译的诊断性研究。前人的不断努力使新闻语篇的研究取得了丰硕成果,但是在这个领域还有许多工作要做。本论文选取国际政治新闻语篇作为研究对象,这也是该次语体第一次被作为对比研究的对象。
第二章概述了国际政治新闻语篇对比分析的理论框架和研究方法。本论文的对比分析理论框架是功能语篇分析和批评性语篇分析的综合。本章简要介绍了系统功能语法和批评性语篇分析的的基本理论和相关概念。这两种理论之所以能结合在一起是因为两者在语篇分析目标上的共同点以及在分析方法上的互补性。例证法和量化分析作为本论文的主要研究方法以保证分析结果的效度。
第三章主要从功能分析和批评性分析的角度对中英国际政治新闻语篇进行实例对比分析。为保证对比分析的信度,本论文的语料来源于《人民日报》和《卫报》的官方网站。这二十篇新闻语篇都是有关美国中情局“黑狱”事件的系列报道。本章从分类、转换、及物系统、互文性、情态、主位结构、衔接和修辞方式等方面对语料进行了对比分析。研究发现,中英国际政治新闻语篇在过程类型分
This thesis strives to conduct a contrastive analysis of the international politicalnews report discourses as a sub-variety of news discourses from the perspectives ofthe systemic functional grammar and the critical discourse analysis. The thesis iscomposed of four chapters.
Chapter 1 is a literature survey of the studies on international political newsreport discourses. A retrospection of the development of the studies on newsdiscourses in general from home and abroad is conducted in the beginning. The earlystudies on news discourses are the studies on the stylistic features of difference textualstructures of the discourse. Scholars like Wang Zuoliang, Ding Wangdao, Brook,Crystal and Davy contributed to the news studies by summarizing the stylistic featuresof the news discourse in their stylistics monographs respectively. With the popularityof Halliday's systemic functional grammar, a lot of researchers such as ShangYuanyuan, Chen Dongchun, Liang Lujin adopt Halliday's theories in the study ofnews discourse analysis. The analysis of the news discourse has developed fromstylistic description to functional analysis that pays attention to the social function ofthe news discourse and analyzes social and functional reasons for the choice ofspecific language forms at different levels of the news discourse. Since its appearancein the 1970s, theories of critical discourse analysis have been widely adopted instudies of news discourses. Analysts like van Dijk, Fowler, Fairclough, ChenZhongzhu, Xin Bin, etc. make great contributions to reveal the implicit ideologicalmeanings in the news discourse. Scholars like Scollon, Liu Miqing and Liu Qizhongdevote their efforts to the comparative analysis of English and Chinese newsdiscourses. As the understanding of the news discourse deepens, it is found that thenews discourse is a quite complicated genre with various kinds of classifications anddozens of sub-varieties that are discrepant from each other. Analysts begin to shifttheir attention to the analysis of the sub-varieties of the news discourse. Theinternational political news reports as one of the sub-varieties of the news discourse
begin to catch the attention of researchers. Prof. Yang Xueyan summarizes thestylistic features of this sub-variety and her graduate student Deng Xiaowen appliesthe systemic functional grammar to a diagnostic study of English-Chinese translationof international politics news discourses. A lot of achievements have been made in thestudies on news discourses, thanks to the persevering efforts of the analysts fromhome and abroad. It is obvious that the study and research concerning the newsdiscourses is far from being exhausted and there is still a lot to be done. This thesisselects the sub-variety of international political news reports as the subjects of theanalysis and it is the first contrastive analysis of this sub-variety.Chapter 2 deals with the theories and methodologies adopted in the contrastivestudy on international political news report discourses. The theoretical framework ofthe contrastive analysis of this thesis is a combination of several approaches todiscourse analysis including functional discourse analysis and critical discourseanalysis. Some major theories from the systemic functional grammar such as the threemeta-functions of language and the concepts of transitivity, modality, thematicstructures and cohesion are mentioned thereby. The theories of critical discourseanalysis and concepts like ideology and power are also introduced in this chapter. Thetheories of functional discourse analysis and critical analysis are combined as thetheoretical framework because the two theories have similarities in their goals of thediscourse analysis and they are complementary to each other in providing analyticaltools for the analysis. Research methods like illustration and quantitative statistics areadopted to guarantee the validity of the results of the analysis.Chapter 3 is devoted to the contrastive case study of Chinese and Britishinternational political news report discourses from the perspectives of systemicfunction grammar and critical discourse analysis. In order to ensure the credibility ofthe contrastive analysis, the samples are selected from the official websites of twoprestigious newspapers, namely People's Daily and the Guardian. The twenty samplediscourses are series reports of the secret prison scandal of the CIA. The similaritiesand differences of the sample discourses in classification, transformation, thetransitivity system, intertextuality, modality, thematic structures, cohesion and
rhetorical devices are explored in this chapter. It is found that the similarities in thedistribution of process types and abundance of reported speeches in the Chinese andthe British sample discourses are determined by the characteristics of the genre ofinternational political news report discourses. The differences in the standpointbetween China and Britain in the issue find full expression in differences inclassification, transformation, intertextuality, modality and thematic structures in thesample discourses. The characteristics of the two languages determine that there isless use of transformation and overt cohesive devices and more set phrases andmetaphorical expressions in the Chinese samples than in the English ones.In Chapter 4, the conclusions got from the contrastive analysis of Chinese andBritish international political news report discourses are adopted to give someimplications for the translation and teaching of international political news reportdiscourses. The international political news reports in the prestigious newspapersrepresent the voice of the government and are closely related to political issues and anation's international influence. Therefore, the translation of such discourses shouldbe conducted with great caution. The translators should make some adaptations tomake the news reports in accordance with the standpoint of the newspaper and therequirements of the target readers. As the present study is just limited to thecontrastive analysis of the twenty sample discourses of international political newsreports concerning one international issue in two newspapers, the implications on theinternational political news translation is by no means a set of systemic translationstrategies. I hope this study can give some inspiration to the future researchers in thisfield and with more attention and effort we can come up with a set of systemictranslation strategies for the translation of the international political news reports. Inthe English departments of many universities, selected news reading is taken as amajor course. Among these selected news discourses, the international political newsreports take a large proportion. In this chapter, I venture to give some suggestions tothe comprehension and teaching of international political news reports in accordancewith the analysis in the previous chapter.This thesis is an attempt to investigate the Chinese and British international
political news report discourse as a sub-variety of news discourses from theperspectives of the systemic functional grammar and critical discourse analysis for thefirst time. It offers a new insight into the contrastive analysis of the specific text type.Further studies still need to be undertaken to deepen our understanding of the newsdiscourse and perfect the translation and teaching methods of the news discourse.
论文第一章是对国际政治新闻语篇研究的文献综述。本章首先追溯了国内外对新闻语篇的研究发展。新闻语篇的早期研究主要是对新闻文体特征的研究。王佐良、丁往道、Brook、Crystal、Davy在他们各自的文体学论著中总结了新闻语篇的文体特征。随着Halliday的系统功能语法的流行,尚媛媛、陈冬纯、梁鲁晋等学者将系统功能分析的理论应用于新闻语篇的分析。新闻语篇分析从文体描写发展为注重新闻语篇的社会功能的功能分析。自问世以来,批评语篇分析一直被广泛应用于新闻语篇的分析。Van Dijk、Fowler、Fairclough、陈中竺、辛斌等学者为新闻语篇的批评性分析做出了贡献。Scollon、刘宓庆、刘其中等学者都曾致力于新闻语篇的对比分析。随着对新闻语篇了解的加深,研究者们开始将注意力转向新闻语体这一合成语体的次语体研究。国际政治新闻语篇作为次语体之一开始受到人们的关注。杨雪燕研究了国际政治新闻语篇的文体特征,她的研究生邓小文将系统功能语法应用于英语国际政治新闻的汉译的诊断性研究。前人的不断努力使新闻语篇的研究取得了丰硕成果,但是在这个领域还有许多工作要做。本论文选取国际政治新闻语篇作为研究对象,这也是该次语体第一次被作为对比研究的对象。
第二章概述了国际政治新闻语篇对比分析的理论框架和研究方法。本论文的对比分析理论框架是功能语篇分析和批评性语篇分析的综合。本章简要介绍了系统功能语法和批评性语篇分析的的基本理论和相关概念。这两种理论之所以能结合在一起是因为两者在语篇分析目标上的共同点以及在分析方法上的互补性。例证法和量化分析作为本论文的主要研究方法以保证分析结果的效度。
第三章主要从功能分析和批评性分析的角度对中英国际政治新闻语篇进行实例对比分析。为保证对比分析的信度,本论文的语料来源于《人民日报》和《卫报》的官方网站。这二十篇新闻语篇都是有关美国中情局“黑狱”事件的系列报道。本章从分类、转换、及物系统、互文性、情态、主位结构、衔接和修辞方式等方面对语料进行了对比分析。研究发现,中英国际政治新闻语篇在过程类型分
This thesis strives to conduct a contrastive analysis of the international politicalnews report discourses as a sub-variety of news discourses from the perspectives ofthe systemic functional grammar and the critical discourse analysis. The thesis iscomposed of four chapters.
Chapter 1 is a literature survey of the studies on international political newsreport discourses. A retrospection of the development of the studies on newsdiscourses in general from home and abroad is conducted in the beginning. The earlystudies on news discourses are the studies on the stylistic features of difference textualstructures of the discourse. Scholars like Wang Zuoliang, Ding Wangdao, Brook,Crystal and Davy contributed to the news studies by summarizing the stylistic featuresof the news discourse in their stylistics monographs respectively. With the popularityof Halliday's systemic functional grammar, a lot of researchers such as ShangYuanyuan, Chen Dongchun, Liang Lujin adopt Halliday's theories in the study ofnews discourse analysis. The analysis of the news discourse has developed fromstylistic description to functional analysis that pays attention to the social function ofthe news discourse and analyzes social and functional reasons for the choice ofspecific language forms at different levels of the news discourse. Since its appearancein the 1970s, theories of critical discourse analysis have been widely adopted instudies of news discourses. Analysts like van Dijk, Fowler, Fairclough, ChenZhongzhu, Xin Bin, etc. make great contributions to reveal the implicit ideologicalmeanings in the news discourse. Scholars like Scollon, Liu Miqing and Liu Qizhongdevote their efforts to the comparative analysis of English and Chinese newsdiscourses. As the understanding of the news discourse deepens, it is found that thenews discourse is a quite complicated genre with various kinds of classifications anddozens of sub-varieties that are discrepant from each other. Analysts begin to shifttheir attention to the analysis of the sub-varieties of the news discourse. Theinternational political news reports as one of the sub-varieties of the news discourse
begin to catch the attention of researchers. Prof. Yang Xueyan summarizes thestylistic features of this sub-variety and her graduate student Deng Xiaowen appliesthe systemic functional grammar to a diagnostic study of English-Chinese translationof international politics news discourses. A lot of achievements have been made in thestudies on news discourses, thanks to the persevering efforts of the analysts fromhome and abroad. It is obvious that the study and research concerning the newsdiscourses is far from being exhausted and there is still a lot to be done. This thesisselects the sub-variety of international political news reports as the subjects of theanalysis and it is the first contrastive analysis of this sub-variety.Chapter 2 deals with the theories and methodologies adopted in the contrastivestudy on international political news report discourses. The theoretical framework ofthe contrastive analysis of this thesis is a combination of several approaches todiscourse analysis including functional discourse analysis and critical discourseanalysis. Some major theories from the systemic functional grammar such as the threemeta-functions of language and the concepts of transitivity, modality, thematicstructures and cohesion are mentioned thereby. The theories of critical discourseanalysis and concepts like ideology and power are also introduced in this chapter. Thetheories of functional discourse analysis and critical analysis are combined as thetheoretical framework because the two theories have similarities in their goals of thediscourse analysis and they are complementary to each other in providing analyticaltools for the analysis. Research methods like illustration and quantitative statistics areadopted to guarantee the validity of the results of the analysis.Chapter 3 is devoted to the contrastive case study of Chinese and Britishinternational political news report discourses from the perspectives of systemicfunction grammar and critical discourse analysis. In order to ensure the credibility ofthe contrastive analysis, the samples are selected from the official websites of twoprestigious newspapers, namely People's Daily and the Guardian. The twenty samplediscourses are series reports of the secret prison scandal of the CIA. The similaritiesand differences of the sample discourses in classification, transformation, thetransitivity system, intertextuality, modality, thematic structures, cohesion and
rhetorical devices are explored in this chapter. It is found that the similarities in thedistribution of process types and abundance of reported speeches in the Chinese andthe British sample discourses are determined by the characteristics of the genre ofinternational political news report discourses. The differences in the standpointbetween China and Britain in the issue find full expression in differences inclassification, transformation, intertextuality, modality and thematic structures in thesample discourses. The characteristics of the two languages determine that there isless use of transformation and overt cohesive devices and more set phrases andmetaphorical expressions in the Chinese samples than in the English ones.In Chapter 4, the conclusions got from the contrastive analysis of Chinese andBritish international political news report discourses are adopted to give someimplications for the translation and teaching of international political news reportdiscourses. The international political news reports in the prestigious newspapersrepresent the voice of the government and are closely related to political issues and anation's international influence. Therefore, the translation of such discourses shouldbe conducted with great caution. The translators should make some adaptations tomake the news reports in accordance with the standpoint of the newspaper and therequirements of the target readers. As the present study is just limited to thecontrastive analysis of the twenty sample discourses of international political newsreports concerning one international issue in two newspapers, the implications on theinternational political news translation is by no means a set of systemic translationstrategies. I hope this study can give some inspiration to the future researchers in thisfield and with more attention and effort we can come up with a set of systemictranslation strategies for the translation of the international political news reports. Inthe English departments of many universities, selected news reading is taken as amajor course. Among these selected news discourses, the international political newsreports take a large proportion. In this chapter, I venture to give some suggestions tothe comprehension and teaching of international political news reports in accordancewith the analysis in the previous chapter.This thesis is an attempt to investigate the Chinese and British international
political news report discourse as a sub-variety of news discourses from theperspectives of the systemic functional grammar and critical discourse analysis for thefirst time. It offers a new insight into the contrastive analysis of the specific text type.Further studies still need to be undertaken to deepen our understanding of the newsdiscourse and perfect the translation and teaching methods of the news discourse.
引文
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Connor, Ulla. 2001. Contrastive Rhetoric: Cross-Cultural Aspects of Second –Language Writing. [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
Crystal, David & Derek Davy. 1979. Investigating English Style. [M]. Longman Fairclough, Norman.1989. Language and Power. [M]. London: Longman Group UK Limited.
Fairclough, Norman. 1995. Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. [M]. London&New York: Longman
Fishman, M. 1980. Manufacturing the News. [M]. Austin: University of Texas Press
Fowler, Roger. 1986. Linguistic Criticism. [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fowler, Roger. 1991. Language in News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. [M]. London: Routledge
Fowler, Roger, Bob Hodge, Gunther Kress and Tony Trew. 1979. Langage and Control. [M]. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
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