船舶安全航行支持系统的构建
摘要
本文通过航行中船舶、操船者和环境构成三要素的分析，提出客观的、人为的安全性指标，重点解决对航行安全影响大的问题。利用AIS(Automatic Identification System，船舶自动识别系统)或ARPA(自动雷达标绘仪)获得相关的避让数据，对相同海域航行的船舶态势及船舶长度进行避航领域的推算，将其结果与实际调查的情况进行拟合和数据处理，针对不同的航行区域与条件，给出相应的航行安全领域。根据海域、船舶状况和气象因素确定计划航线，相对风流及障碍物要修正航线，舵和主机，要按实际态势、经济性和要求进行控制等等。人、船舶和环境都是动态因素，是一个十分复杂的相互牵连系统，应用动态规划理论和最优控制理论，对航行环境的复杂性和可变性而导致系统不确定性作出综合决策和控制，并对改向决策后的船舶操作运动进行控制实现。在船舶会遇局面中，来船对本船所构成的危险程度的估计，是采取适当措施的依据。本文应用模糊数学评判模型，采用DCPA(最近会遇距离)、TCPA(到最近会遇点的时间)、本船的方位和来船的相对距离作为评价指标，引入与船长相关的安全域，危险领域和避航领域构建危险度隶属函数，对船舶航行会遇状态构成本船的危险度进行客观有效的评价，为安全避让提供合理的依据。
The paper presents the objective and artificial safety norms to settle the problems which influence the navigational safety seriously through analyzing the three main factors that are ship, operator and environment. The planned route is fixed according to sea area, ship condition and weather element. Then we may correct the route, rudder and engine in the light of wind currency and obstacle as well as make control in accordance with actual state, economy and requirement to obtain the relevant avoidance data by using of AIS or ARPA and offer the corresponding navigational safe areas in connection with the various navigational areas and conditions. People, ship and environment are all dynamic states, which form a comprehensive and mutual implication system. Applied dynamic layout theory and optimum cybernetics make the comprehensive policy and dominance on system uncertainty due to complexity and changeability of the sea environment. In ship's encountering, the estimation for the danger degree from the coming vessel is the foundation to adopt suitable measure. The paper applies the judge model of vague math, uses DCPA, TAPA, the position of ship-in-itself and the relative distance of the coming ship as the evaluation norm, and draws into the subordinate function of criticality which is composed of the relative safe field dangerous field and shun field to judge the criticality of the ship's encountering objectively and effectively and provide the reasonable basis for ship's safe collision-avoidance.
The paper presents the objective and artificial safety norms to settle the problems which influence the navigational safety seriously through analyzing the three main factors that are ship, operator and environment. The planned route is fixed according to sea area, ship condition and weather element. Then we may correct the route, rudder and engine in the light of wind currency and obstacle as well as make control in accordance with actual state, economy and requirement to obtain the relevant avoidance data by using of AIS or ARPA and offer the corresponding navigational safe areas in connection with the various navigational areas and conditions. People, ship and environment are all dynamic states, which form a comprehensive and mutual implication system. Applied dynamic layout theory and optimum cybernetics make the comprehensive policy and dominance on system uncertainty due to complexity and changeability of the sea environment. In ship's encountering, the estimation for the danger degree from the coming vessel is the foundation to adopt suitable measure. The paper applies the judge model of vague math, uses DCPA, TAPA, the position of ship-in-itself and the relative distance of the coming ship as the evaluation norm, and draws into the subordinate function of criticality which is composed of the relative safe field dangerous field and shun field to judge the criticality of the ship's encountering objectively and effectively and provide the reasonable basis for ship's safe collision-avoidance.
引文
[1]任茂东，船舶仿人智能自动避碰控制系统，中国航海，1994，(1)：1～7
[2]王俊贤等，船舶在局部区域内自动导航络经识别系统，西安电子科技大学学报，1998，560～564
[3]周洁亮，模糊数学基本理论及其应用，建中技术，1994，(4.5)：70～81
[4]严关新，船舶避碰的定量研究，武汉交通科技大学学报，1997，(6)：688～694
[5]刘占华，雷达导航避碰模糊识别，信息与控制，2000，(5)：466～470
[6]刘烽等，船舶气象导航最省燃料航线研究，中国航海，1994，(1)：8～14
[7]有村信夫等，关于碰撞预防支持装置的航行环境情报表示方式的研究，日本航海学会论文集104号，2000，37～45
[8]赵劲松等，船舶避碰学原理，大连海事大学出版社，1999：1117～1124
[9]戴忠达，自动控制理论基础，清华大学出版社，1989：522～532
[10]杨盐生，船舶在风浪中航行时保向问题的探讨，1994，(2)：36～44
[11]郑彭军，船舶通导设备可靠性估算方法的研究，宁波大学学报，1997，(2)
[12]刘烽 杨广治 李春宝，船舶气象导航最省燃料航线研究，中国航海，1994，(1)
[13]马列，船舶自动跟踪航行系统与驾驶自动化的探讨，上海海运学院学报，1998，(3)
[14]李丽娜 陈聪贵，船舶自动避碰方法的研究，中国航海，1999(1)
[15]许开宇，航路监视和航线设计的实现，上海海运学院学报，2000(4)
[16]郑中义 吴兆麟，船舶避碰的模糊决策，大连海事大学学报，1996(5)
[17]程启明 马如宏，船舶自动航行系统，盐城工学院学报，1999(3)
[2]王俊贤等，船舶在局部区域内自动导航络经识别系统，西安电子科技大学学报，1998，560～564
[3]周洁亮，模糊数学基本理论及其应用，建中技术，1994，(4.5)：70～81
[4]严关新，船舶避碰的定量研究，武汉交通科技大学学报，1997，(6)：688～694
[5]刘占华，雷达导航避碰模糊识别，信息与控制，2000，(5)：466～470
[6]刘烽等，船舶气象导航最省燃料航线研究，中国航海，1994，(1)：8～14
[7]有村信夫等，关于碰撞预防支持装置的航行环境情报表示方式的研究，日本航海学会论文集104号，2000，37～45
[8]赵劲松等，船舶避碰学原理，大连海事大学出版社，1999：1117～1124
[9]戴忠达，自动控制理论基础，清华大学出版社，1989：522～532
[10]杨盐生，船舶在风浪中航行时保向问题的探讨，1994，(2)：36～44
[11]郑彭军，船舶通导设备可靠性估算方法的研究，宁波大学学报，1997，(2)
[12]刘烽 杨广治 李春宝，船舶气象导航最省燃料航线研究，中国航海，1994，(1)
[13]马列，船舶自动跟踪航行系统与驾驶自动化的探讨，上海海运学院学报，1998，(3)
[14]李丽娜 陈聪贵，船舶自动避碰方法的研究，中国航海，1999(1)
[15]许开宇，航路监视和航线设计的实现，上海海运学院学报，2000(4)
[16]郑中义 吴兆麟，船舶避碰的模糊决策，大连海事大学学报，1996(5)
[17]程启明 马如宏，船舶自动航行系统，盐城工学院学报，1999(3)