小城镇道路横断面规划设计与路面典型结构研究
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摘要
当前我国小城镇快速发展,但由于道路建设依据的规范和标准体系不健全,许多地方建设盲目性大,跟风和模仿现象普遍,道路建设的整体水平不高,特别在道路规划设计的合理性、道路基础设施建设方面存在诸多不足。本文从保持小城镇自然特征、尺度、宜居性、节约性的基本理念出发,以实现道路功能为目的,基于小城镇镇区的道路交通系统进行横断面规划设计和路面典型结构研究,将不同类型小城镇道路交通设计的区别贯穿全文,构建了一个较为全面和系统的小城镇道路断面设计体系,以期对小城镇道路建设起到指导性作用。
小城镇交通特征是横断面设计和路面结构设计的基本依据,论文基于小城镇的客观环境,探讨了其交通特征,其中重点分析了小城镇居民的出行特征,包括出行目的、出行次数、出行距离、出行时耗以及出行方式结构。根据不同交通工具的出行距离和时耗,结合小城镇人口规模和用地规模,提出了不同类型小城镇的客运交通模式。并对小城镇货运交通特征,小城镇交通的空间分布特性以及轴载特性进行了分析。
道路横断面设计是道路的各项功能在路段上具体反映与集成,因此道路系统的功能分类是横断面设计和路面结构设计的基础。针对小城镇道路功能分类存在的问题,论文提出综合考虑小城镇道路所处区位、道路与周边用地关系、道路等级的分类方法。从这三个方面进行道路分级与分类,在规范的基础上重新界定了小城镇各级道路的定义,阐述了各类道路的功能性质,并建立了道路区位、道路性质、道路等级的对应关系,给出了适用条件,构建了较为完善的小城镇道路分类体系。
从道路功能整合的要求出发,论文提出横断面设计与路网规划设计在实现道路功能方面具有一体性,并通过探讨适合于小城镇的路网布局与结构形成街道的功能框架,为横断面设计提供了理论支撑。从满足小城镇道路交通功能、道路尺度感、街道公共生活塑造和非机动交通导向开发的需求出发,提出小城镇适宜的路网布局模式是高密度、相互连通的网状道路。在规范和国内外道路密度确定方法的基础上,确定了不同规模小城镇的路网密度和等级结构,分析了路网密度、道路面积率与道路宽度之间的匹配关系。
在前面章节的基础上,论文对道路横断面规划设计进行了研究,提出横断面规划设计应是在道路功能框架基础之上的功能设计和功能体现。分析了小城镇横断面设计的特点和要求。推荐了不同性质道路的横断面型式,根据山区和河网地区的地形地貌以及设计重点元素的把握,给出了山区和河网地区道路横断面型式。在街道框架体系的基础上进行横断面各组成要素设计,根据车辆特性、设计车速计算了车道宽度值;根据非机动车并行行使的需要,结合不同类型街道非机动车特点,给出非机动车道宽度;总结了分析了小城镇人行道基本形式,基于行人的基本特性给出了不同类型街道行人有效宽度建议值和公共设施带宽度值。在此基础上,结合路网规划指标,确定了道路红线宽度的范围,给出了典型横断面图。
兼顾实用功能与美观功能的路面是建立友好型街道的不可缺少的方面,在小城镇发展阶段,路面的实用功能是最为重要的,故论文最后对小城镇路面典型结构进行了研究。以交通等级划分和土基等级划分为基础,将交通等级和道路等级对应起来,分析了水泥路面、沥青路面的结构层材料及结构组合要求,提出了各结构层适宜的类型、厚度和要求,以及结构组合类型和适用地区,提交了水泥路面和沥青路面典型结构表。在沥青路面典型结构的基础上,按照修正的沥青路面设计方法,采用等效厚度换算给出了砌块路面典型结构。
Small town is developing rapidly in China, but it exits blindness and imitation in construction because of lacking relevant specification and standard, which results in decline of whole street construction level, especially there are many shortages in street planning design rationality and road infrastructure construction. Based on small town’s street and traffic system, form the idea of preserving small town’s nature characteristic, pleasant dimension, suitable living and economy,this dissertation studies the street cross-section and typical pavement structure,and embodies the street design differences of various small town, finally forms a section design system of small town.
Owing to the traffic characteristics of small town is the main foundation to design cross-section and pavement structure, this paper analyzes its traffic characteristic, and lays special stress on analyzing the residents’trip characteristics, including trip purpose, trip rate, trip space, trip time and trip modes. According to the trip length and time of various traffic tools, combing small town’s population and land size, it puts forward the trip modes for small town with different size and economy condition. The freight traffic, traffic space distribution and axle weight are analyzed, too.
Street cross-section is the street function’s reflection and integration, so the function classification is the basis of cross-section design, pavement structure design is also different with the street function classification. Aiming at the problems small town road classification, the paper puts forward the classification method of comprehensive analyzing the street location, the relationship of street and land use and street hierarchy. According to the three aspects, the paper makes street hierarchy and classification, and gives new definitions of various street hierarchies, explains the functions and properties of different street types. Then it builds their correspondence and gives their applications, and forms perfect street classification system of small town.
By analyzing the street function’s harmony, the paper puts forward the integration idea of cross-section design and street network planning,and forms the street function framing by studying the suitable street network layout method and structure so as to provide the theory basis for street section design. From the needs of meeting street traffic function, street scale sense, street public life and traffic structure, it draws a conclusion that the higher street network density and connectivity are the first option for small town. Based on the specification and informed research, the paper gives the road network density and street grade proportion, and analyzes the relationship of road density, road area rate and width.
On the basis of preceding chapter this paper studies the street cross-section design. It puts forward the street cross-section design should adapt the street function system and be oriented to the street function. It analyzes the features and requirements of cross-section design of small town,and recommends the section forms of different property streets and gives section forms of mountain areas and the river areas according to their landforms and design highlight. Based on the street framing system, the dissertation studies the street cross section elements design. It calculates lane width by vehicle property and design speed, gives the bikeway width by the need of bicycle parallel moving in various streets, summarizes the sidewalk forms, and gives the sidewalk valid width and public installations width of different streets according to the pedestrian feature. Combing road network planning indexes, it determines the range of Rights-Of-Way, and refers the typical street cross-section.
Overall consideration of practical and aesthetic function is indispensable in construct friendly streets, in the developmental stage of small town, the practical function is very important, so the paper studies pavement typical structure. On the basis of the traffic grade and basement grade, it matches the traffic grade and the street grade, and analyzes the layer materials and the structure composition request of cement pavement and asphalt pavement. This chapter puts forward the type, thickness and the request suitable for various layers, structure composition types and their applicable areas, and submits the typical structure chart. Based on the asphalt pavement typical structure, it adopts equivalent thickness conversion to give the block pavement typical structure according to the reviser asphalt pavement design method.
小城镇交通特征是横断面设计和路面结构设计的基本依据,论文基于小城镇的客观环境,探讨了其交通特征,其中重点分析了小城镇居民的出行特征,包括出行目的、出行次数、出行距离、出行时耗以及出行方式结构。根据不同交通工具的出行距离和时耗,结合小城镇人口规模和用地规模,提出了不同类型小城镇的客运交通模式。并对小城镇货运交通特征,小城镇交通的空间分布特性以及轴载特性进行了分析。
道路横断面设计是道路的各项功能在路段上具体反映与集成,因此道路系统的功能分类是横断面设计和路面结构设计的基础。针对小城镇道路功能分类存在的问题,论文提出综合考虑小城镇道路所处区位、道路与周边用地关系、道路等级的分类方法。从这三个方面进行道路分级与分类,在规范的基础上重新界定了小城镇各级道路的定义,阐述了各类道路的功能性质,并建立了道路区位、道路性质、道路等级的对应关系,给出了适用条件,构建了较为完善的小城镇道路分类体系。
从道路功能整合的要求出发,论文提出横断面设计与路网规划设计在实现道路功能方面具有一体性,并通过探讨适合于小城镇的路网布局与结构形成街道的功能框架,为横断面设计提供了理论支撑。从满足小城镇道路交通功能、道路尺度感、街道公共生活塑造和非机动交通导向开发的需求出发,提出小城镇适宜的路网布局模式是高密度、相互连通的网状道路。在规范和国内外道路密度确定方法的基础上,确定了不同规模小城镇的路网密度和等级结构,分析了路网密度、道路面积率与道路宽度之间的匹配关系。
在前面章节的基础上,论文对道路横断面规划设计进行了研究,提出横断面规划设计应是在道路功能框架基础之上的功能设计和功能体现。分析了小城镇横断面设计的特点和要求。推荐了不同性质道路的横断面型式,根据山区和河网地区的地形地貌以及设计重点元素的把握,给出了山区和河网地区道路横断面型式。在街道框架体系的基础上进行横断面各组成要素设计,根据车辆特性、设计车速计算了车道宽度值;根据非机动车并行行使的需要,结合不同类型街道非机动车特点,给出非机动车道宽度;总结了分析了小城镇人行道基本形式,基于行人的基本特性给出了不同类型街道行人有效宽度建议值和公共设施带宽度值。在此基础上,结合路网规划指标,确定了道路红线宽度的范围,给出了典型横断面图。
兼顾实用功能与美观功能的路面是建立友好型街道的不可缺少的方面,在小城镇发展阶段,路面的实用功能是最为重要的,故论文最后对小城镇路面典型结构进行了研究。以交通等级划分和土基等级划分为基础,将交通等级和道路等级对应起来,分析了水泥路面、沥青路面的结构层材料及结构组合要求,提出了各结构层适宜的类型、厚度和要求,以及结构组合类型和适用地区,提交了水泥路面和沥青路面典型结构表。在沥青路面典型结构的基础上,按照修正的沥青路面设计方法,采用等效厚度换算给出了砌块路面典型结构。
Small town is developing rapidly in China, but it exits blindness and imitation in construction because of lacking relevant specification and standard, which results in decline of whole street construction level, especially there are many shortages in street planning design rationality and road infrastructure construction. Based on small town’s street and traffic system, form the idea of preserving small town’s nature characteristic, pleasant dimension, suitable living and economy,this dissertation studies the street cross-section and typical pavement structure,and embodies the street design differences of various small town, finally forms a section design system of small town.
Owing to the traffic characteristics of small town is the main foundation to design cross-section and pavement structure, this paper analyzes its traffic characteristic, and lays special stress on analyzing the residents’trip characteristics, including trip purpose, trip rate, trip space, trip time and trip modes. According to the trip length and time of various traffic tools, combing small town’s population and land size, it puts forward the trip modes for small town with different size and economy condition. The freight traffic, traffic space distribution and axle weight are analyzed, too.
Street cross-section is the street function’s reflection and integration, so the function classification is the basis of cross-section design, pavement structure design is also different with the street function classification. Aiming at the problems small town road classification, the paper puts forward the classification method of comprehensive analyzing the street location, the relationship of street and land use and street hierarchy. According to the three aspects, the paper makes street hierarchy and classification, and gives new definitions of various street hierarchies, explains the functions and properties of different street types. Then it builds their correspondence and gives their applications, and forms perfect street classification system of small town.
By analyzing the street function’s harmony, the paper puts forward the integration idea of cross-section design and street network planning,and forms the street function framing by studying the suitable street network layout method and structure so as to provide the theory basis for street section design. From the needs of meeting street traffic function, street scale sense, street public life and traffic structure, it draws a conclusion that the higher street network density and connectivity are the first option for small town. Based on the specification and informed research, the paper gives the road network density and street grade proportion, and analyzes the relationship of road density, road area rate and width.
On the basis of preceding chapter this paper studies the street cross-section design. It puts forward the street cross-section design should adapt the street function system and be oriented to the street function. It analyzes the features and requirements of cross-section design of small town,and recommends the section forms of different property streets and gives section forms of mountain areas and the river areas according to their landforms and design highlight. Based on the street framing system, the dissertation studies the street cross section elements design. It calculates lane width by vehicle property and design speed, gives the bikeway width by the need of bicycle parallel moving in various streets, summarizes the sidewalk forms, and gives the sidewalk valid width and public installations width of different streets according to the pedestrian feature. Combing road network planning indexes, it determines the range of Rights-Of-Way, and refers the typical street cross-section.
Overall consideration of practical and aesthetic function is indispensable in construct friendly streets, in the developmental stage of small town, the practical function is very important, so the paper studies pavement typical structure. On the basis of the traffic grade and basement grade, it matches the traffic grade and the street grade, and analyzes the layer materials and the structure composition request of cement pavement and asphalt pavement. This chapter puts forward the type, thickness and the request suitable for various layers, structure composition types and their applicable areas, and submits the typical structure chart. Based on the asphalt pavement typical structure, it adopts equivalent thickness conversion to give the block pavement typical structure according to the reviser asphalt pavement design method.
引文
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