心理减压训练对士兵心理健康的影响
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摘要
和平时期军事环境中士兵面临很多应激源，对士兵的心理健康有重要影响，受到越来越多研究者和军方的关注。许多预防性的心理干预措施可以帮助士兵更好的应对军事应激，改善心理健康状况；理性情绪教育是目前广泛应用于学校环境的预防性心理辅导课程，很多研究表明，这种方法适合各种青年人群，提高其应付心理问题的能力，但是未见在士兵群体中应用的研究报告。本研究对军事环境中士兵的心理健康状况进行了调查分析，建立了以理性情绪教育为基础的心理减压方法并进行士兵减压干预研究，探讨心理减压方法对士兵心理健康影响的效果和可能机制，为士兵心理健康教育工作提供指导。
主要的研究方法和目的：
(1)调查士兵心理健康状况及应付方式情况，为士兵减压干预程序的制定提供依据。对某部士兵428人采用症状自评量表和应付方式量表进行心理卫生状况调查分析。
(2)观察心理减压训练对士兵心理健康和应付方式的影响。根据REE理论和军事应激对心理健康的影响，制定了以REE为基础的心理减压方法，在某部队以三个建制连队士兵为研究对象，分为减压组(N=58)、放松组(N=56)和对照组(N=60)三组，减压组分别进行为期8w的减压训练、放松组进行为期8w渐进性放松训练，对照组仅进行一次心理健康
Soldiers were confronted with many stressors in military settings in peace time, which have important effect on their mental health. It attracted more and more attention of researchers and governors of military. Many preventive psychological intervention programs were developed to help soldiers to cope military stress more efficiently, then to improve their mental health status. Rational-Emotive Education was a preventive psychological intervention program which was widely used to help young people to deal with psychological problems in classroom settings. But there are still not related experimental researches on soldiers in our nation. This research proceeds with the investigation on mental health of the soldiers and studied the effect of stress reduction program on mental health of the soldiers.
The procedure and the objectives of this study are:
(1) To investigate the mental health status, coping styles of the soldiers, and to provide the foundation for the establishing of psychological intervene model. 428 soldiers were chosen randomly and were investigated by using Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) Coping styles questionnaire.
(2) To study the effect of stress reduction program on the mental health status and coping styles of soldiers. 174 soldiers were
主要的研究方法和目的：
(1)调查士兵心理健康状况及应付方式情况，为士兵减压干预程序的制定提供依据。对某部士兵428人采用症状自评量表和应付方式量表进行心理卫生状况调查分析。
(2)观察心理减压训练对士兵心理健康和应付方式的影响。根据REE理论和军事应激对心理健康的影响，制定了以REE为基础的心理减压方法，在某部队以三个建制连队士兵为研究对象，分为减压组(N=58)、放松组(N=56)和对照组(N=60)三组，减压组分别进行为期8w的减压训练、放松组进行为期8w渐进性放松训练，对照组仅进行一次心理健康
Soldiers were confronted with many stressors in military settings in peace time, which have important effect on their mental health. It attracted more and more attention of researchers and governors of military. Many preventive psychological intervention programs were developed to help soldiers to cope military stress more efficiently, then to improve their mental health status. Rational-Emotive Education was a preventive psychological intervention program which was widely used to help young people to deal with psychological problems in classroom settings. But there are still not related experimental researches on soldiers in our nation. This research proceeds with the investigation on mental health of the soldiers and studied the effect of stress reduction program on mental health of the soldiers.
The procedure and the objectives of this study are:
(1) To investigate the mental health status, coping styles of the soldiers, and to provide the foundation for the establishing of psychological intervene model. 428 soldiers were chosen randomly and were investigated by using Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) Coping styles questionnaire.
(2) To study the effect of stress reduction program on the mental health status and coping styles of soldiers. 174 soldiers were
引文
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26．李权超，何英强等．野战部队军人焦虑、抑郁情绪状况及其影响因素研究．中困职业医学，2003，30(5)：5-7
27．张理义，曹连生，高柏良等．战士精神卫生状况及其影响因素的三年追踪观察．解放军预防医学杂志，1995，13(1)：14-18
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3. Lazarus, RS. Folkman, S. Stress, appraisal and coping[M]. New York: Springer. 1984
4. Markham Paul L. Stressors and coping strategies of ESL teachers. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 1999, 26(4): 268-279
5. Ewart Craig K, Jorgensen Randall S. et al, Measuring Stress Resilience and Coping in Vulnerable Youth The Social Competence Interview. Psychological Assessment, 2002, 14(3): 339-352
6. Denise Rotondo. Individual2difference variables and career-related coping. Journal of social psychology, 1999, 139, 458-471
7．王家同．军人心理障碍的研究与展望[J]．军事心理学研究，2003，19-23．
8. McCarroll J E, Orman DT, LundyAC1Clients, problems and diagnoses in a military community mental health clinic: a 20-month study1Military Medicine, 1993,15(8):7-51
9. Steven Pflanz, Psychiatric illness and the workplace: Perspectives for occupational medicine in the military, Military Medicine, 1999, 164(6): 101-121
10. Linda S, Workplace interventions for people with common mental health problems. British occupational health research foundation, 2005,9:201-203
11. Eric G CarbonelJob satisfaction, occupational stress, and personality characteristics of Air Force military training instructors, Military??Medicine, 2001, 166(9): 800-810。
12. Dorian B. Stress: immunity and illness, a review[J], Psychol Med, 1987, 17(2):393-407.
13．张喜梅，韩军辉．现役防空兵心理健康状况调查[J]．健康心理学杂志，2001，9(6)：475-476．
14．吴兴曲，王倩云，杨来启，等．312名高原汽车兵心理创伤后应激障碍的调查[J]．解放军预防医学杂志，2002，20(6)：431-433．
15．Reuven G.A.David M.军事心理学手册[M]．苗丹民等译，中国轻工业出版社：467-470
16．沈杰《80年代我国青少年生理、心理及其健康发展态势分析》青年研究1994．7
17．蒋革永《论社会主义市场经济条件下青年军人的心理调适》空军政治学院硕士论文．1998．5
18．崔世雄，主编．漫话心理。北京：解放军婚出版社，1989：206-207
19. Parker MV, Fuller GF, Koenig HG,et al.Soldier and family wellness across the fife course: a developmental model of successful aging spirituality and health promotion, Part Ⅰ Mil Med, 2001, 166(6):485-489
20. Siegman AW, Franco EA, Vaitkus M.The Killing Fieles of Anger: can anger be controlled? In the Army War college Guide to Executive Health and Fitness[M]. Army War College Press, 2000.2
21. Parker MV, Fuller GF, Koenig HG et al. Soldier and family wellness across the lifecoursea developmental model of successful aging spirituality and health promotion, Part Ⅱ Mil Med, 2001, 166(7): 561-570
22．陈方华，柯文棋，殷明等．国外心理训练方法简介．中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志．2004．11(1)：58-59
23．郭扑乐．WWW.SINA.COM.CN24．张毓吟，吕宏军．探析军人心理健康的影响因素与促进对策．中国健康教育．1998．14(5)：31-33
25．刘素珍，龚殿祥等．军人焦虑、抑郁情绪研究：环境、文化、军龄及其它．心理科学，1999，22(1)：30-33
26．李权超，何英强等．野战部队军人焦虑、抑郁情绪状况及其影响因素研究．中困职业医学，2003，30(5)：5-7
27．张理义，曹连生，高柏良等．战士精神卫生状况及其影响因素的三年追踪观察．解放军预防医学杂志，1995，13(1)：14-18
28．刘戟环，吴辉绪，刘建国等．新兵强化训练前后精神卫生状况分析．中国公共卫生，1996；12(12)：550-551
29．罗增让，杜德栋．军事演习前后军人SCL-90评定．中国心理卫生杂志，1997，11(2)：86-87
30．石理洪，李进，周传华等．某部387名海训和平时心理状况调查．健康心理学，2001，9(3)：213-214
31．张理义，崔庶，曹连生．对军人心理健康状况及其影响因素的研究．健康心理学．1994，2(1)：38-40
32．张晓红，王丽英．部队基层官兵健康需求的调查分析[[J]．中国健康教育，2000，16(7)：433-434．
33．黄兆文，罗仁夏，蔡雪冰等．应用心理学干预降低新兵训练伤发生率．解放军医学高等专科学校学报．1999，27(4)：41-42
34．何英强，李权超，曾岚等．认知心理学教育对新兵心理健康的改善作用．中国行为医学科学2002，11(1)：64-66
35．王择青，武国城，解亚宁等．心理行为训练对新兵体能测验成绩的影响．解放军医学杂志2003，28(7)：604-605
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