电子商务平台服务质量对品牌资产的影响机理研究
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摘要
随着我国互联网的高速发展,网络环境的日益完善,网民规模正在迅速扩大。网民逐渐习惯了从互联网上获取各种信息到从互联网上进行网络消费,由此催生了一批以互联网为生存和发展空间的电子商务平台服务品牌,这些服务品牌通过购物网站为消费者提供丰富的信息、商品和服务,以谋求自身的发展和成长。
     与实体商店不同的是,这种通过购物网站与消费者接触的模式虽然拉开了消费者与网络服务商之间的距离,但是却拉近了消费者与服务之间的距离,增加了消费者的服务获取性。作为商业品牌,电子商务平台品牌在追求成长和发展的过程中,会与其他的电子商务平台品牌为争夺消费者和获取交易额而发生激烈的竞争。这种竞争其实是购物网站之间品牌的竞争,电商服务品牌作为成为联结购物网站与网民的桥梁,在互联网时代已经融入了人们的生活,在人们生活中扮演者越来越重要的角色,成为一个品牌购物网站无论是对服务企业自身还是对消费者来说都是至关重要的。作为互联网服务品牌,现在电子商务平台品牌之间的竞争的重点主要是围绕服务这一主题而展开。通过为消费者提供丰富的商品信息和应用服务,让消费者从网络购物体验中感知到电子商务平台品牌在服务方面的质量和价值,让消费者降低网络服务品牌感知风险,产生对这一品牌的信任感,逐渐形成对电子商务平台品牌的情感偏好与情感依赖,强化品牌与消费者之间的联结,在其内心深度嵌入对品牌的认知和联想,从态度和行为上对这一品牌的忠诚。因此,购物网站品牌如何通过网站功能设计以提高其服务质量,有效的吸引并维持消费者成为提升电子商务平台品牌竞争力的关键。本研究选择电子商务平台服务质量对品牌资产的影响机理作为研究主题,从理论和实证方面探索电商服务质量的内容和维度及其对购物网站品牌资产的作用机理。
     围绕本研究的选题,本文主要解决了两个问题:一个是电子商务平台服务质量的内容和维度;二是电商服务质量通过何种路径影响购物网站品牌资产。以往对购物网站的品牌资产的研究主要围绕顾客价值、品牌关系、顾客满意度和顾客重购意向,很少有人研究顾客价值感知与品牌信任之间的关系及其对品牌资产的影响,更是鲜有人聚焦于服务质量对品牌资产的影响研究。因此,本文研究了电子商务平台服务质量对购物网站品牌资产的影响作用和影响路径,探讨了他们之间的关系。
     首先,本文在文献研究的基础上,对电商服务质量、顾客感知价值、品牌信任和品牌资产方面的相关研究进行了述评,并对当前中国消费者访问量最高的前15名品牌购物网站的服务特征进行了分析,通过小组访谈形式形成电商服务质量维度的轴心问项,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析确定了电商服务质量的五个维度,并以此作为后续的研究基础。
     其次,本研究构建了电子商务平台服务质量对品牌资产的影响机理概念模型,并提出相关假设,通过实证的方式对模型进行了拟合检验和假设检验。本文从消费者行为理论的“感知——态度——行为”范式构建了电商服务质量对品牌资产的影响理论模型和操作模型,对影响机理进行分析,并提出相关研究假设。通过实证分析发现,服务易用性对顾客感知功能价值和品牌可靠性有显著的正向影响;服务响应性对顾客感知情感价值、品牌可靠性和品牌意向性有显著的正向影响;服务履行性对顾客感知功能价值、情感价值和品牌可靠性有显著的正向影响;服务移情性对功能价值、情感价值、品牌可靠性和品牌意向性均有显著的正向影响。服务安全性对功能价值、品牌可靠性和品牌意向性有显著的正向作用。服务易用性对功能价值的作用非常明显,也说明了购物网站的简单易用成为消费者对其功能要求的重点。服务移情性的影响作用说明购物网站还应该多为顾客考虑,提高与顾客之间的服务交互,让其感受到价值和信任。
     再次,本文还验证了顾客感知价值、品牌信任与品牌资产三者之间的关系。通过实证研究发现,顾客感知价值的维度对品牌信任维度均有显著的正向影响,情感价值、品牌可靠性和品牌意向性对品牌资产的两个维度(品牌联想和品牌忠诚)存在显著的正向影响。功能价值对品牌联想有显著的正向影响但对品牌忠诚维度却没有显著的影响作用。这一结论也解释了追求功利性的消费者会因为购物网站很好的满足了其功能需求,通过反复的登陆进行信息的搜寻和对比,然后再做消费决策,当感知其他购物网站价值较高时,消费者容易发生品牌转换行为。
     最后,根据以上实证分析和研究结论,本文围绕提升电商服务质量给出启示性策略。本文提出对于购物网站应该从系统质量、信息质量、交互方式和社区构建几个方面进行服务营销策略的开发。
     本文的主要创新点在于以下几点:第一,提出新的研究路径。电商服务质量并非像以往的学者所研究的仅仅是通过顾客价值对品牌资产形成影响,我们发现在这一影响路径中,消费者对品牌的信任扮演者重要的角色,电商通过服务让消费者对其品牌产生感知价值和品牌信任,然后同时通过感知价值和品牌信任来共同影响品牌资产。第二,验证了电商服务质量与品牌信任的影响关系,即电子商务平台服务质量各维度对品牌信任各维度的影响关系。在此之前,学者们对电子商务平台对品牌资产作用机理研究上主要是集中感知价值和消费者满意度等方面,但没有着重研究电商服务质量对品牌信任的影响。第三,解决了感知价值和品牌信任的关系的争议。学术界对于信任和感知价值的关系存在着很大的争议,有学者认为是信任影响感知价值,也有学者认为是感知价值影响信任。本研究基于电子商务平台品牌对消费者感知价值和品牌信任进行了测量,通过结构方程模型验证了是顾客感知价值对品牌信任存在显著影响。第四,开发了适合中国情景的电商服务质量量表。由于中西方文化存在很大的差异,中西方的消费者的网络消费行为和决策行为也存在着很大的差异。本研究在文献研究和小组访谈的基础上,构建了符合中国文化情景的电子商务平台服务质量量表,通过问卷调查,探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,最终形成了有效的电商服务质量测量量表。
With the rapid development of the Internet, and the network environment improved gradually, the netizen are rapidly expanding. The netizen are becoming online consumers because they are accustomed to obtain a variety of information from the Internet, which spawned a number of service brands of e-commerce platforms whose survival and development are based on the Internet. These service brands seek their own development and growth by providing consumers a great deal of information, goods and services by their shopping sites.
     Although the way shopping site encounters consumers opens a big gap from consumers to service provider, it narrows down the distance between consumers and service itself and increases accessibility of those services, which is different to physical stores. As a commercial brand, e-commerce platform will have fierce competition with other e-commerce platforms in the pursuit of growth and development process for consumers and transactions. This competition is actually brands competition, service brands of e-commerce platforms which serve as the bridge linking between the brand shopping sites and consumers, have been integrated into people's lives and playing increasingly important role for both of them in the Internet era. As Internet service brands, competition among e-commerce platforms is mainly carried out around the theme of the service. A wealth of product information and application services is provided so that consumers can perceive service quality and value of e-commerce platforms from the online shopping experience. By reducing the risk perception, generating a sense of trust in the brand, e-commerce platform can gradually build a bond to consumers from emotional preferences and dependency, which embeds the brand awareness and association in the heart of consumers, and form into their attitudes and behaviors of loyalty to the brand. Therefore, the key to enhance brand competitiveness for e-commerce platforms can be done by attracting and maintaining consumer through designs to improve its service quality. In this study, we chose mechanism of the impact of e-service quality on brand equity as a research topic, to explore the mechanism of dimensions of e-service quality on brand equity of shopping sites from the theoretical and empirical aspects.
     Around the topic of this study, this dissertation solves two problems:No.1is the quality of service of e-commerce platform, which is the dimensions of the e-service quality; No.2, through what paths e-service quality of shopping website can has the impact on brand equity. Previous studies on the brand equity of shopping sites are mainly focused on customer value, brand relations, customer satisfaction and customer repurchase intention, few people research the relationship between customers perceived value and trust their impact on brand equity, it is rarely researched. Therefore, this dissertation studied the dimensions of e-service quality and its impact on brand equity of shopping website and influence paths to explore the relationship between them.
     Firstly, related literature review is done around e-service quality, customer perceived value, brand trust and brand equity. We analyzed the top15brand shopping sites which have the highest page view of Chinese consumers to form their features, combined to which the key question items of the dimensions of e-service quality were formed through group interviews were carried out. The five dimensions of e-service quality are determined by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to determine as a basis for subsequent research.
     Secondly, this study built conceptual model around the impact mechanism e-commerce platform service quality on brand equity and proposed hypotheses based on the model. The model fitting and hypotheses testing were conducted by empirical testing. In this dissertation, based on the paradigm of "perception-attitude behavior" of the theory of consumer behavior, theoretical models and operating model were built. Through the analysis of mechanism hypotheses were proposed. Empirical analysis demonstrate that usability has a significant positive effect to customer perceived functional value and brand reliability; Responsiveness has a significant positive on effect perceived emotional value, brand reliability and brand intention; Fulfillment has a significant positive effect on perceived functional value, emotional value and brand reliability. Empathy has a significant positive effect on perceived functional value, emotional value, brand reliability and brand intention. Safety has a significant positive effect on functional value, brand reliability and brand intention. Usability effect is very the most of all, it illustrates that a simple-to-use shopping site has become the focus of consumers'functional requirements, shopping sites should consider more for customers, improve service interactions between two sides so as to improve customers perceived value and trust.
     Thirdly, the relationship among customer perceived value, brand trust and brand equity was also verified. The empirical study found that the dimensions of customer perceived value have dimensions of brand trust. Emotional value, brand reliability and brand intent have significant positive impact on brand equity (brand association and brand loyalty). Functional value has a significant positive effect on brand association, but not on brand loyalty. This conclusion also explains the utilitarian consumers repeatedly landing in to search and compare information from the shopping site whose function meets consumers'requirements well, and then do the consumer decision-making. When the other shopping sites were perceived with higher value, consumers are prone to generating brand switching behavior.
     Finally, based on empirical research findings, brand equity enhancing strategy was proposed focusing on the service quality of e-commerce platform. In this dissertation, shopping sites should conduct several aspects from the system quality, information quality, interaction ways and community building to develop service marketing strategies.
     The main innovation of this dissertation is the following:first, new research path was proposed. Not like previous studies that the impact of e-service quality on brand equity is only through customer perceived value, we found that another impact path brand trust the brand played an important role. It is the virtual contact between e-commerce platform and consumers that make consumers perceive brand value and generate brand trust, which simultaneously effect brand equity. Second, the relationship between e-service quality and brand trust was verified. That is to say, dimensions of service quality of e-commerce platforms have impact on dimensions of brand trust. Previous studies mainly focused on perceived brand value and consumer satisfaction, the impact of e-service quality on brand trust was not well researched. Third, the controversy relationship between perceived value and brand trust was solved based on e-commerce platforms. There was a controversy about the relationship between perceived value and trust. Some scholars believed it was the trust that affect the perceived value, some scholars believed the reverse. Customer perceived value and brand trust were measured based on e-commerce platforms, we validated that customer perceived value has a significant impact on brand trust though structural equation model. Fourth, the e-service quality scale fit for the Chinese scenarios was developed. Because of the big differences between Chinese and Western cultures, there were also significant differences between Chinese and Western consumers on behaviors of online consumption and decision-making. In this study, e-service quality scale was constructed and validated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis based on the e-commerce platforms brand in China.
引文
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