YCV-01永磁弹簧式溢流阀的研究
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摘要
目前国内外众多学者针对机械弹簧在液压元件使用过程中的疲劳断裂、氢脆断裂、腐蚀断裂、松弛、塑性变形、永久变形等失效模式,从热处理方法、材质选择等不同的角度进行了大量的研究,因机械弹簧的不同部位所承受的载荷不一样,应力集中无法完全消除,工作时受到周期性的循环应力,缓慢地扩展,当应力大于弹簧的应力极限时,机械弹簧将会断裂、变形失效,造成液压系统失控,特别对航天伺服液压系统,溢流阀主要作用是调节并稳定系统所需的压力,当系统压力达到溢流阀的调定压力值时阀口就将开启,并在设定的压力下溢流稳压。若因弹簧失效造成失压,液压伺服系统则不能正常工作,姿态控制失灵,无法将载人飞船、卫星等航天器送入预定轨道。
很多科研人员对溢流阀的静态设计与动态分析等已经做过很多研究工作,并取得了一些重要成果,而对其永磁弹簧在溢流阀上的应用、静动态性能的优化研究相对较少,相应的理论分析也不多。如何对永磁弹簧进行功能性选择、应用,实施对直动式溢流阀的优化,使结构简单的溢流阀的性能最优,成为现今溢流阀设计研究中的重要课题之一。
本课题在调研了国内、外永磁机械应用及研究的现状和发展的基础上,充分利用磁学中“同名磁极相互排斥,异名磁极相互吸引”的原理,提出了非接触式永磁压缩弹簧(本文后续简称“永磁弹簧”)的设计理念,降低了机械弹簧断裂,变形的风险；本课题选择钕铁硼稀土材料作为永磁弹簧的材料,开展永磁弹簧及永磁式溢流阀的特性研究与试验,本文的主要工作及成果如下：
1、本课题重点介绍了永磁弹簧间永磁力估算的基本理论及数值计算。通过典型案例计算,阐述了数值计算的准确性,总结了永磁弹簧永磁力与位移呈线性、非线性、基本恒定或小斜率关系的充磁规律。
2、本课题提出了永磁弹簧最大推重比的概念,便于工程人员理解、测试,既是最大磁能积的外特性参数,也是磁力机械设计的关键参数。
3、本课题通过四种不同充磁角度的实例研究发现,最大永磁力是最小永磁力的3.3倍,得出了不同充磁方向、不同永磁力之间的变化规律,阐述了聚磁的基本原理。
4、通过对永磁弹簧式溢流阀与机械弹簧式溢流阀研究对比发现,相同规格下,永磁弹簧式溢流阀的压力波动比较机械弹簧式溢流阀压力波动比小38.5%；永磁弹簧所占的体积较机械弹簧式溢流阀小37.5%,因此,我们应该充分利用永磁弹簧的优势在液压阀设计方面进行深入研究。
At present, many scholars at home and abroad had a lot of research on helical compression spring fatigue fracture through heat treatment, material selection and the other way, Failure modes include fatigue, corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement fracture, relaxation, plastic deformation, permanent deformation and so on. Because the loads of different the compression spring parts is different, so the stress concentration can't be eliminated completely, working by the cyclic stress, and slowly expanding, when the stress is greater than the spring stress limit, helical compression spring will fracture, deformation and failure, the hydraulic system is unable to be controlled, especially for aerospace hydraulic servo system, Once the pressure can not be controlled, hydraulic servo system will not work properly, attitude control will fail, We will not be able to put manned spacecraft, satellites into orbit.
Many researchers has done a lot of research on the overflow valve static design and dynamic analysis work, and made some important achievements, but the application of permanent magnet spring in the relief valve is relatively small, corresponding theoretical analysis is not much. How to carry out the function selection, application of the permanent magnetic spring, the relief valve has simple structure to obtain the optimal, which is one of the important research topic in the overflow valve design.
In this paper,the author fully investigate the current situation of domestic and foreign permanent magnetic mechanical application and research, make full use of magnetism " Like magnetic poles repel each other, unlike magnetic poles attract each other",and puts forward the non-contact permanent magnetic compression spring (the following referred to as "permanent magnet spring") design concept, which reduces mechanical spring fracture, deformation of the risk; the neodymium iron boron permanent magnetic material is used as spring material, We carried out research and experimental characteristics of permanent magnet spring and permanent magnet type overflow valve, the main work and achievements are as follows:
1、The paper introduces the basic theory and numerical calculation of permanent magnet spring permanent magnetic force estimation. Through the calculation of the typical case, discusses the accuracy of numerical calculation, summarize the magnetizing law, when the permanent magnet spring permanent magnetic force and displacement is linear, nonlinear, a substantially constant or small slope relationship.
2、The paper puts forward the concept of permanent magnet spring maximum thrust weight ratio, convenient for engineers to under stand, which is not only the external characteristic parameters of maximum energy product, but also the key parameters of magnetic machine design.
3、Through the study of four different magnetization angle, we found the largest permanent magnetic force is3.3times of the minimum permanent magnetic force, derive magnetization direction and the permanent magnetic variation, and expound the basic principle of magnetic.
4、Based on the permanent magnetic spring type overflow valve and mechanical spring relief valve of comparison, the same specifications, permanent magnetic spring valve fluctuation is38.5%smaller than mechanical spring valve; permanent magnet spring volume is37.5%smaller than mechanical spring valve, therefore, we should make full use of permanent magnetic spring advantage of in-depth study on hydraulic valve design.
很多科研人员对溢流阀的静态设计与动态分析等已经做过很多研究工作,并取得了一些重要成果,而对其永磁弹簧在溢流阀上的应用、静动态性能的优化研究相对较少,相应的理论分析也不多。如何对永磁弹簧进行功能性选择、应用,实施对直动式溢流阀的优化,使结构简单的溢流阀的性能最优,成为现今溢流阀设计研究中的重要课题之一。
本课题在调研了国内、外永磁机械应用及研究的现状和发展的基础上,充分利用磁学中“同名磁极相互排斥,异名磁极相互吸引”的原理,提出了非接触式永磁压缩弹簧(本文后续简称“永磁弹簧”)的设计理念,降低了机械弹簧断裂,变形的风险；本课题选择钕铁硼稀土材料作为永磁弹簧的材料,开展永磁弹簧及永磁式溢流阀的特性研究与试验,本文的主要工作及成果如下：
1、本课题重点介绍了永磁弹簧间永磁力估算的基本理论及数值计算。通过典型案例计算,阐述了数值计算的准确性,总结了永磁弹簧永磁力与位移呈线性、非线性、基本恒定或小斜率关系的充磁规律。
2、本课题提出了永磁弹簧最大推重比的概念,便于工程人员理解、测试,既是最大磁能积的外特性参数,也是磁力机械设计的关键参数。
3、本课题通过四种不同充磁角度的实例研究发现,最大永磁力是最小永磁力的3.3倍,得出了不同充磁方向、不同永磁力之间的变化规律,阐述了聚磁的基本原理。
4、通过对永磁弹簧式溢流阀与机械弹簧式溢流阀研究对比发现,相同规格下,永磁弹簧式溢流阀的压力波动比较机械弹簧式溢流阀压力波动比小38.5%；永磁弹簧所占的体积较机械弹簧式溢流阀小37.5%,因此,我们应该充分利用永磁弹簧的优势在液压阀设计方面进行深入研究。
At present, many scholars at home and abroad had a lot of research on helical compression spring fatigue fracture through heat treatment, material selection and the other way, Failure modes include fatigue, corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement fracture, relaxation, plastic deformation, permanent deformation and so on. Because the loads of different the compression spring parts is different, so the stress concentration can't be eliminated completely, working by the cyclic stress, and slowly expanding, when the stress is greater than the spring stress limit, helical compression spring will fracture, deformation and failure, the hydraulic system is unable to be controlled, especially for aerospace hydraulic servo system, Once the pressure can not be controlled, hydraulic servo system will not work properly, attitude control will fail, We will not be able to put manned spacecraft, satellites into orbit.
Many researchers has done a lot of research on the overflow valve static design and dynamic analysis work, and made some important achievements, but the application of permanent magnet spring in the relief valve is relatively small, corresponding theoretical analysis is not much. How to carry out the function selection, application of the permanent magnetic spring, the relief valve has simple structure to obtain the optimal, which is one of the important research topic in the overflow valve design.
In this paper,the author fully investigate the current situation of domestic and foreign permanent magnetic mechanical application and research, make full use of magnetism " Like magnetic poles repel each other, unlike magnetic poles attract each other",and puts forward the non-contact permanent magnetic compression spring (the following referred to as "permanent magnet spring") design concept, which reduces mechanical spring fracture, deformation of the risk; the neodymium iron boron permanent magnetic material is used as spring material, We carried out research and experimental characteristics of permanent magnet spring and permanent magnet type overflow valve, the main work and achievements are as follows:
1、The paper introduces the basic theory and numerical calculation of permanent magnet spring permanent magnetic force estimation. Through the calculation of the typical case, discusses the accuracy of numerical calculation, summarize the magnetizing law, when the permanent magnet spring permanent magnetic force and displacement is linear, nonlinear, a substantially constant or small slope relationship.
2、The paper puts forward the concept of permanent magnet spring maximum thrust weight ratio, convenient for engineers to under stand, which is not only the external characteristic parameters of maximum energy product, but also the key parameters of magnetic machine design.
3、Through the study of four different magnetization angle, we found the largest permanent magnetic force is3.3times of the minimum permanent magnetic force, derive magnetization direction and the permanent magnetic variation, and expound the basic principle of magnetic.
4、Based on the permanent magnetic spring type overflow valve and mechanical spring relief valve of comparison, the same specifications, permanent magnetic spring valve fluctuation is38.5%smaller than mechanical spring valve; permanent magnet spring volume is37.5%smaller than mechanical spring valve, therefore, we should make full use of permanent magnetic spring advantage of in-depth study on hydraulic valve design.
引文
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