磁场调制型永磁齿轮与低速电机的研究
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摘要
在工业应用中,为了得到低速大转矩,约90%的电动机必须与庞大的齿轮减速机构配套使用。电机采用齿轮传动后,整个系统的体积和重量增加,噪音、效率、传动精度和响应速度都是需要考虑的重要问题,齿轮的磨损还会带来寿命和可靠性的隐患。因而随着现代工业的迅速发展,在许多场合需要低速大转矩直驱电动机。另外,非接触传动磁力齿轮由于具有低噪声、免维护、高可靠性、精确的转矩传动能力、固有的过载保护能力等优点,得到了很多关注。近年来有学者提出一种磁场调制型永磁齿轮,此种结构使得所有永磁体都能够对传递转矩起到作用,不仅具有很高的转矩密度,并且具有很高的效率,因而具有很好的应用前景。将传统的永磁无刷电机与磁场调制型永磁齿轮相结合进行驱动,系统的转矩密度和可靠性得到了明显的改善。
本文首先简要介绍了永磁齿轮的发展概况,由此引入磁场调制型永磁齿轮与传统永磁无刷电机相结合的发展情况,对国内外的相关研究做了深入系统的综述。然后论文对磁场调制型永磁齿轮及其与永磁无刷电机相结合实现低速直驱为目的开展了如下研究工作,并取得了一些创新性成果。
首先,对磁场调制型永磁齿轮的结构特点和工作原理进行介绍,确定影响磁场调制型永磁齿轮性能的各个参数,并对各个参数进行分析得出其对永磁齿轮性能的影响。另外提出了一种对磁调制环的加工方法,并对此加工方法对磁场调制型永磁齿轮性能的影响进行了分析,虽然此加工方法一定程度上降低了永磁齿轮的性能,但是降低了加工的难度,根据对各参数的分析结果以及加工方法的选择,确定了永磁齿轮样机的方案,通过实验证实了有限元的仿真结果和磁调制环简易加工方式的有效性。
然后,根据磁场调制型永磁齿轮的工作原理提出了磁场调制型低速电机的拓扑结构,分析了其两种运行模式的工作原理,通过优化设计制作了样机,实验测试验证了磁场调制型低速电机的原理,对两种运行模式进行了对比,说明了两者在一定条件下的等效性。该电机结构为低速电机的设计提供了一种新的途径。
另一方面,在磁场调制型永磁齿轮的拓扑结构基础上,介绍一种磁场调制型永磁齿轮和永磁无刷电机在机械上和磁场上同时耦合的结构形式,并对其工作原理进行分析,根据其工作原理命名为磁场调制型复合电机。通过对影响其性能的各参数进行分析,确定了样机方案。样机的实验测试验证了磁场调制型复合电机的原理,并且证明了设计的有效性。
In modern practical industry applications, nearly90%of electrical drives involve with bulky and fragile mechanical transmission trains and gearboxes in order to achieve low speed and high torque. There are various inherent demerits for such kind of drive systems, such as large volume and weight, high acoustic noise, low efficiency, poor transmission precision and slow dynamic response. Moreover, the reliability and life span of the systems would deteriorate significantly due to the inevitable abrasion of the gears. Hence, the low-speed high-torque direct-drive systems that involve no mechanical gearboxes are becoming commodities in more and more applications. On the other hand, the contactless permanent magnet magnetic gears based on flux modulation, which have unique characteristics such as low acoustic noise, maintenance free, high reliability, great toque density, excellent efficiency and inherent overload protection, have been attracting considerable interests in recent years. The system torque density and reliability can be significantly improved by combining a conventional PM motor with such a magnetic gear.
In this thesis, the development of the permanent magnet gear to reveal the emergence procedure of the combination of conventional permanent magnet machine with such a magnetic gear will firstly be introduced, and then the related literatures are reviewed systematically. The permanent magnet gears and low-speed high-torque electric machines, which use the basic principle of field modulation, are studied, particularly on the following aspects.
First, the basic topology and operation principle of the field-modulating permanent magnet magnetic gear is generally introduced and the influences of the key parameters on the performance of the magnetic gear are comprehensively investigated. A new manufacture technique for the field-modulating ring, which would significantly reduce the difficulty and cost of production but slightly deteriorate the performance, is proposed and analyzed. A prototype with optimal parameters and the field-modulating ring from the new manufacture technique has been designed and fabricated. The validity of the finite element analysis results and new field-modulating ring manufacture technique has been confirmed by the experimental results from the prototype.
Second, Topology of low-speed field-modulating motor is proposed based on the operation principle of the field-modulating permanent magnet magnetic gear and the corresponding two operational modes are studied. The prototype machine with optimal design has verified low-speed field-modulating concept. Furthermore, the experimental comparison between the two operational modes has revealed that the equivalence of the two modes under certain condition. The field-modulating concept introduces a new design way of low-speed high-torque machine.
Third, a new type of mechanical set, which couples the field-modulating permanent magnet magnetic gear and permanent magnet brushless machine both mechanically and magnetically, together with its operation principle, is introduced and studied. Finite element analysis is employed to comprehensively investigate the impacts of the key parameters on the machine performance. The prototype machine with optimal design has confirmed the validity of the hybrid field-modulating machine concept. Furthermore, the predicted performance of the machine from finite element analysis has been validated by the experiment test on the prototype.
本文首先简要介绍了永磁齿轮的发展概况,由此引入磁场调制型永磁齿轮与传统永磁无刷电机相结合的发展情况,对国内外的相关研究做了深入系统的综述。然后论文对磁场调制型永磁齿轮及其与永磁无刷电机相结合实现低速直驱为目的开展了如下研究工作,并取得了一些创新性成果。
首先,对磁场调制型永磁齿轮的结构特点和工作原理进行介绍,确定影响磁场调制型永磁齿轮性能的各个参数,并对各个参数进行分析得出其对永磁齿轮性能的影响。另外提出了一种对磁调制环的加工方法,并对此加工方法对磁场调制型永磁齿轮性能的影响进行了分析,虽然此加工方法一定程度上降低了永磁齿轮的性能,但是降低了加工的难度,根据对各参数的分析结果以及加工方法的选择,确定了永磁齿轮样机的方案,通过实验证实了有限元的仿真结果和磁调制环简易加工方式的有效性。
然后,根据磁场调制型永磁齿轮的工作原理提出了磁场调制型低速电机的拓扑结构,分析了其两种运行模式的工作原理,通过优化设计制作了样机,实验测试验证了磁场调制型低速电机的原理,对两种运行模式进行了对比,说明了两者在一定条件下的等效性。该电机结构为低速电机的设计提供了一种新的途径。
另一方面,在磁场调制型永磁齿轮的拓扑结构基础上,介绍一种磁场调制型永磁齿轮和永磁无刷电机在机械上和磁场上同时耦合的结构形式,并对其工作原理进行分析,根据其工作原理命名为磁场调制型复合电机。通过对影响其性能的各参数进行分析,确定了样机方案。样机的实验测试验证了磁场调制型复合电机的原理,并且证明了设计的有效性。
In modern practical industry applications, nearly90%of electrical drives involve with bulky and fragile mechanical transmission trains and gearboxes in order to achieve low speed and high torque. There are various inherent demerits for such kind of drive systems, such as large volume and weight, high acoustic noise, low efficiency, poor transmission precision and slow dynamic response. Moreover, the reliability and life span of the systems would deteriorate significantly due to the inevitable abrasion of the gears. Hence, the low-speed high-torque direct-drive systems that involve no mechanical gearboxes are becoming commodities in more and more applications. On the other hand, the contactless permanent magnet magnetic gears based on flux modulation, which have unique characteristics such as low acoustic noise, maintenance free, high reliability, great toque density, excellent efficiency and inherent overload protection, have been attracting considerable interests in recent years. The system torque density and reliability can be significantly improved by combining a conventional PM motor with such a magnetic gear.
In this thesis, the development of the permanent magnet gear to reveal the emergence procedure of the combination of conventional permanent magnet machine with such a magnetic gear will firstly be introduced, and then the related literatures are reviewed systematically. The permanent magnet gears and low-speed high-torque electric machines, which use the basic principle of field modulation, are studied, particularly on the following aspects.
First, the basic topology and operation principle of the field-modulating permanent magnet magnetic gear is generally introduced and the influences of the key parameters on the performance of the magnetic gear are comprehensively investigated. A new manufacture technique for the field-modulating ring, which would significantly reduce the difficulty and cost of production but slightly deteriorate the performance, is proposed and analyzed. A prototype with optimal parameters and the field-modulating ring from the new manufacture technique has been designed and fabricated. The validity of the finite element analysis results and new field-modulating ring manufacture technique has been confirmed by the experimental results from the prototype.
Second, Topology of low-speed field-modulating motor is proposed based on the operation principle of the field-modulating permanent magnet magnetic gear and the corresponding two operational modes are studied. The prototype machine with optimal design has verified low-speed field-modulating concept. Furthermore, the experimental comparison between the two operational modes has revealed that the equivalence of the two modes under certain condition. The field-modulating concept introduces a new design way of low-speed high-torque machine.
Third, a new type of mechanical set, which couples the field-modulating permanent magnet magnetic gear and permanent magnet brushless machine both mechanically and magnetically, together with its operation principle, is introduced and studied. Finite element analysis is employed to comprehensively investigate the impacts of the key parameters on the machine performance. The prototype machine with optimal design has confirmed the validity of the hybrid field-modulating machine concept. Furthermore, the predicted performance of the machine from finite element analysis has been validated by the experiment test on the prototype.
引文
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