分布式光纤应变传感系统设计与研究
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摘要
分布式光纤应变传感器是近年来开始研究的新型传感技术,由于它可以感知传输路径上应变、压力的空间分布和随时间变化的信息,分布式光纤传感器在多层建筑、桥梁、水坝、飞行器、压力容器等重大结构与设备方面有重要的应用前景。论文在前人关于非线性光学、布里渊光谱学以及分布式光纤应变传感器的研究基础上,围绕改进系统性能,建立了比较完整的分布式光纤应变传感系统设计的数学建模以及各项参数的计算,为合理的进行系统设计奠定了理论基础。
论文研究内容主要包括以下几个方面:
(1)首先论述了分布式光纤传感器的国内外研究状况和几种用于检测的基本方法。通过对多种可行的布里渊分布式光纤应变传感技术方案的比较、分析,立足于制造工艺、系统精度和国内外现有元器件,选择了基于受激布里渊散射的分布式光纤应变传感方案。
(2)给出了受激布里渊散射光的定量描述,引入布里渊功率阈值的概念。经过定量分析,论证了布里渊散射光与光纤应变、温度呈良好的线性关系,并给出参数计算的过程,为正确应用分布式光纤应变传感系统提供了理论依据。
(3)给出了分布式光纤应变传感系统的结构框图,并对传感系统的各个部分进行了讨论,选取了激光器工作波长,完成了两个激光器的驱动电路设计。
(4)介绍系统设计过程中几个关键问题的解决,提出对于该系统的一种新的温度补偿方案。完成了部分传感系统实验,为系统的整体实现打下了坚实的基础。
Distributed optical fiber strain sensor is a new sensing technique arisingrecently. It has important application foreground in heavy structure and devicesuch as multilayer architecture, bridge, dam, aerocraft, pressure vessel and soon, since it can apperceive spatial distribution of strain and pressure ontransmission path and information changed with time. Based on study ofnonlinear optics, Brillouin spectroscopy and distributed optical fiber strainsensor of predecessors, surrounding improvement of system performance, weestablished a relatively complete mathematic model building of distributedoptical fiber strain sensing system and performed calculation of each parameterto establish theoretical basis for reasonable system design.
The primary studies are as follows:
(1) Firstly we introduced study status and several basic methods ofdistributed optical fiber sensor both home and abroad. By comparison andanalysis of many feasible schemes for Brillouin distributed optical fiber strainsensing technique, and based on fabrication process, system precision andexisting components of home and abroad, we finally chose distributed opticalfiber strain sensing scheme which was based on stimulated Brillouin scattering.
(2) Through introducing scattering light in optical fiber, we presentedquantitative description of stimulated Brillouin scattering light, and importedconcept of Brillouin power threshold. By quantificationally analyzing, wedemonstrated good linear relationship between Brillouin scattering light andstrain, temperature of optical fiber, and also presented process of parametercalculation, which provided theory for correctly using distributed optical fiberstrain sensing system.
(3) We showed structure diagram for distributed optical fiber strainsensing system, discussed each part of the sensing system, selected working
wavelength of laser, and accomplished driving circuit's design for two lasers.(4) Introducing solution of several key issues of system design, and puttingforward a new temperature compensation scheme for this system. Parts ofsensing system experiment are completed and firm basis for implementation ofwhole system are settled.
论文研究内容主要包括以下几个方面:
(1)首先论述了分布式光纤传感器的国内外研究状况和几种用于检测的基本方法。通过对多种可行的布里渊分布式光纤应变传感技术方案的比较、分析,立足于制造工艺、系统精度和国内外现有元器件,选择了基于受激布里渊散射的分布式光纤应变传感方案。
(2)给出了受激布里渊散射光的定量描述,引入布里渊功率阈值的概念。经过定量分析,论证了布里渊散射光与光纤应变、温度呈良好的线性关系,并给出参数计算的过程,为正确应用分布式光纤应变传感系统提供了理论依据。
(3)给出了分布式光纤应变传感系统的结构框图,并对传感系统的各个部分进行了讨论,选取了激光器工作波长,完成了两个激光器的驱动电路设计。
(4)介绍系统设计过程中几个关键问题的解决,提出对于该系统的一种新的温度补偿方案。完成了部分传感系统实验,为系统的整体实现打下了坚实的基础。
Distributed optical fiber strain sensor is a new sensing technique arisingrecently. It has important application foreground in heavy structure and devicesuch as multilayer architecture, bridge, dam, aerocraft, pressure vessel and soon, since it can apperceive spatial distribution of strain and pressure ontransmission path and information changed with time. Based on study ofnonlinear optics, Brillouin spectroscopy and distributed optical fiber strainsensor of predecessors, surrounding improvement of system performance, weestablished a relatively complete mathematic model building of distributedoptical fiber strain sensing system and performed calculation of each parameterto establish theoretical basis for reasonable system design.
The primary studies are as follows:
(1) Firstly we introduced study status and several basic methods ofdistributed optical fiber sensor both home and abroad. By comparison andanalysis of many feasible schemes for Brillouin distributed optical fiber strainsensing technique, and based on fabrication process, system precision andexisting components of home and abroad, we finally chose distributed opticalfiber strain sensing scheme which was based on stimulated Brillouin scattering.
(2) Through introducing scattering light in optical fiber, we presentedquantitative description of stimulated Brillouin scattering light, and importedconcept of Brillouin power threshold. By quantificationally analyzing, wedemonstrated good linear relationship between Brillouin scattering light andstrain, temperature of optical fiber, and also presented process of parametercalculation, which provided theory for correctly using distributed optical fiberstrain sensing system.
(3) We showed structure diagram for distributed optical fiber strainsensing system, discussed each part of the sensing system, selected working
wavelength of laser, and accomplished driving circuit's design for two lasers.(4) Introducing solution of several key issues of system design, and puttingforward a new temperature compensation scheme for this system. Parts ofsensing system experiment are completed and firm basis for implementation ofwhole system are settled.
引文
1 魏德容,赵花城,秦一涛,张弘.分布式光纤检测技术在中国的发展,2005,19(1):7-9
2 Jing Wen-Cai, Li Qiang, Tang Feng, Yu Jinlong, Zhang Yimo, Zhou Ge, Jia Dagong. Design of a Distributed Stress Sensor Using Bi-refringence Optical Fiber. Journal of Optoelectronics Laser,2005,16(1):1-4
3 Wang Yannian, Zhao Yulong, Jiang Zhuangde, Zhu Li, Yang Jing, Zhao Guoxian. Study on the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor for Long-distance Natural Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2003,37(9):933-936
4 蔡德所.分布式传感监测技术研究.广西水利水电,2001(1):11-14
5 沈一春,宋牟平,章献民,陈抗生.长距离光纤布里渊散射研究.光子学报,2004, 33(8):931-934
6 张丹,施斌,吴智深,徐洪钟,丁勇,崔何亮.BOTDR 分布式光纤传感器及其在结构健康监测中的应用.土木工程学报,2003,36(11):83-87
7 Zhang,Z. Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors System and Networks. Proceedings of SPIE -The International Society for Optical Engineering,Bellingham,WA,2001, 4357:35-53
8 胡晓东.受激布里渊散射型分布式光纤温度传感技术的研究.[天津大学硕士学位论文],1997:3-8
9 Alahbabi, Mohamed N. Influence of Modulation Instability on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Spontaneous Brillouin Scattering. Journal of the Optical Society of America B:Optical Physics,2004,21(6):1156-1160
10 Zhou,Ling. Research of Distributed Curvature Modal Sensors with Optical Fiber on Vibration Measurement for Thin Structures. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, Fifth International Symposium on Instrumentation and Control Technology, 2003,52(53):471-475
11 Song,Muping. Theoretical Study on the Solution Distributed Optical-fiber Sensors. Guangxue xuebao,1998,18(8):1091-1096
12 Kihara,Mitsuru. Distributed Optical Fiber Strain Sensor for Detecting River Embankment Collapse. IEICE Transactions on Electronics,2002, E85-C(4):952-960
13 Ohno Hiroshige, Dincan Roger, Gifford Dawn, Chiders Brooks, Cooper Kevin, Furrow Keith. Fiber Optic Distributed Strain, Acoustic Emission and Moisture Detection Sensors for Health Maintenance. IEICE Transactions on Electronics, 2002, E85-C(4): 945-951
14 胡晓东,刘文晖,胡小唐.分布式光纤传感技术的特点与研究现状.航空精密制造技术,1999,35(1):28-31
15 耿军平.全分布式光纤传感器系统研究.[西北工业大学博士学位论文],2002:10-25
16 Dakin J.P. Distributed Optical Fiber sensors. Proc.SPIE,1992,1797:76-108
17 Rogers A. Polarisation Optical Time Domain Reflectometry. Electron.Lett,1980,16: 489-490
18 R.Hesley. Instrumentation Principles for Optical Time Domain Reflectometry. Sov.J. Instrumen,1986,5:334-341
19 Rogers A. Distributed Optical-fibre Sensing. Proc.SPIE, 1991,1511:2-24
20 黄尚廉.分布式光纤温度传感器系统的研究.仪器仪表学报,199,12(4):359-364
21 张在宣.激光喇曼型分布光纤温度传感系统.光学学报,1995,15(11):1585-1589
22 Farries. Distributed Sensing Using Stimulated Raman Interaction in a Monomode Optical Fibre.OFS-2,1984:121-132
23 K.Shimizu. Coherent Self-Heterodyne Brillouin OTDR for Measurement of Brillouin Frequency Shift Distribution in Optical Fibers. J.Lightwave Technol,1994,12(5): 730-736
24 BaoX. Distrbuted Temperature Sensor Based on Brillouin Loss in an Optical Fiber.Opt.Lett,l993,18:1561-1563
25 T.Kurashima,T.Horiguchi,H.lzumita,S.Furukawa, Y.Koyamada. Brillouin Optical-Fiber Time Domain Reflectometry. IEICE Trans.Commun,1993,E76-B(4):382-389
26 K.Shimizu. Coherent Self-Heterodyne Detection of Spontaneously Brillouin-Scattered Light Waves in a Single-Mode Fiber. Opt.Lett,1993,18(3):185-187
27 D.Garus. Brillouin Optical-fiber Frequency-domain Analysis for Distributed Temperatrure and Strain Measurements. Lightwave Technology,1997,15(4):654-662
28 石顺祥等.非线性光学.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:122-130
29 Govind P.Agrawal.非线性光纤光学原理及应用.贾东方,余震虹.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:4
30 Horiguchia T,Kurashima T,Tateda M.Tensile Strain Dependence of Brilouin Frequency Shift in Silica Optical Fibers. IEEE Electron Tech Lett,1989,1:107-108
31 Mallinder F P, ProctorB A. Elaslic Constants of Fused Silica as a Function of Large Strain. Phys Chem Glasses,1964,5:91-103
32 万生鹏,何赛灵,胡见东.采用光滤波器的边缘检测布里渊光纤传感系统.传感技术学报,2005,18(2):371-373
33 哈斯乌力吉 , 吕志伟 , 何伟明 , 王双义 . 受激布里渊散射的新介质 . 激光技术,2005,29(3):311-314
34 何玉钧.基于自发布里渊散射德分布式光纤传感技术的研究.[华北电力大学硕士学位论文],2001:6-25
35 黄民双,曾励,陶宝祺,黄尚廉.分布式光纤布里渊散射应变传感器参数计算.航空学报,19991,20(2):137-140
36 Horiguchia T, Kurashima T, Tateda M.Tensile Strain Dependence of Brilouin Frequency Shift in Silica Optical Fibers. IEEE Electron Tech Lett,1989,1:107-108
37 Mallinder F P, ProctorB A. Elaslic Constants of Fused Silica as a Function of Large Strain. Phys Chem Glasses,1964,5:91-103
38 小川智栽.应用晶体物理学.北京:科学出版社,1985:197
39 羊国光,宋菲军.高等物理学.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1991:135
40 韦斌,隋青美,张桂涛.基于布里渊散射的分布式光纤传感器的发展.电子质量,2004,(7):80-88
41 黄勇林,李杰,童峥嵘,开桂云,董孝义.高消光比双通马赫-曾德尔干涉仪梳状滤波器.光学学报.2003,23(12):1429-1432
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57 Bao X, Webb DJ, Jackson D A. Combined Distributed Tempreture and Strain Sensor Based on Brillouin Loss in an Optical Fibre. Opt.Lett,1994,19:141-143
58 Parker T R, Farhadiroushan M, Handerek V A. A Fully Distributed Simultaneous Strain and Temperature Sensor Using Spontaneous Brillouin Backscatter. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1997,9(7):979-981
59 Parker T R, Farhadiroushan M, Feced R. Simultaneous Distributed Measurement of Strain and Temperature from Noise-initiated Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fibres. J.Quatum Electronics, 1998,34:645-659
60 Smith J, Brown A, Demerchant M. Simultaneous Strain and Temperature Using a Brillouin Scattering Based Distributed Sensor. SPIE,1999,3670:366-370
61 Nikles M, Thevenaz L, Robert P A. Brillouin Gain Spectrum Characterization in Single-mode Optical Fibres. Lightwave Tech,1997,15:1842-1851
62 Wait P C, Newson T P. Landau Placzek Ratio Applied to Distributed Fibre Sensing. Opt.Comm,1996,122:141-146
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64 时书丽 . 对 EDFA 增益和自发辐射噪声的研究 . 光纤与电缆及其应用技 术,2003(5):8-9,35
65 何玉钧,李永倩.全光纤 Mach—Zehnder 干涉仪及其在光纤自发布里渊散射测量中的应用.光子学报,2002,31(7):865-869
2 Jing Wen-Cai, Li Qiang, Tang Feng, Yu Jinlong, Zhang Yimo, Zhou Ge, Jia Dagong. Design of a Distributed Stress Sensor Using Bi-refringence Optical Fiber. Journal of Optoelectronics Laser,2005,16(1):1-4
3 Wang Yannian, Zhao Yulong, Jiang Zhuangde, Zhu Li, Yang Jing, Zhao Guoxian. Study on the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor for Long-distance Natural Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2003,37(9):933-936
4 蔡德所.分布式传感监测技术研究.广西水利水电,2001(1):11-14
5 沈一春,宋牟平,章献民,陈抗生.长距离光纤布里渊散射研究.光子学报,2004, 33(8):931-934
6 张丹,施斌,吴智深,徐洪钟,丁勇,崔何亮.BOTDR 分布式光纤传感器及其在结构健康监测中的应用.土木工程学报,2003,36(11):83-87
7 Zhang,Z. Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors System and Networks. Proceedings of SPIE -The International Society for Optical Engineering,Bellingham,WA,2001, 4357:35-53
8 胡晓东.受激布里渊散射型分布式光纤温度传感技术的研究.[天津大学硕士学位论文],1997:3-8
9 Alahbabi, Mohamed N. Influence of Modulation Instability on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Spontaneous Brillouin Scattering. Journal of the Optical Society of America B:Optical Physics,2004,21(6):1156-1160
10 Zhou,Ling. Research of Distributed Curvature Modal Sensors with Optical Fiber on Vibration Measurement for Thin Structures. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, Fifth International Symposium on Instrumentation and Control Technology, 2003,52(53):471-475
11 Song,Muping. Theoretical Study on the Solution Distributed Optical-fiber Sensors. Guangxue xuebao,1998,18(8):1091-1096
12 Kihara,Mitsuru. Distributed Optical Fiber Strain Sensor for Detecting River Embankment Collapse. IEICE Transactions on Electronics,2002, E85-C(4):952-960
13 Ohno Hiroshige, Dincan Roger, Gifford Dawn, Chiders Brooks, Cooper Kevin, Furrow Keith. Fiber Optic Distributed Strain, Acoustic Emission and Moisture Detection Sensors for Health Maintenance. IEICE Transactions on Electronics, 2002, E85-C(4): 945-951
14 胡晓东,刘文晖,胡小唐.分布式光纤传感技术的特点与研究现状.航空精密制造技术,1999,35(1):28-31
15 耿军平.全分布式光纤传感器系统研究.[西北工业大学博士学位论文],2002:10-25
16 Dakin J.P. Distributed Optical Fiber sensors. Proc.SPIE,1992,1797:76-108
17 Rogers A. Polarisation Optical Time Domain Reflectometry. Electron.Lett,1980,16: 489-490
18 R.Hesley. Instrumentation Principles for Optical Time Domain Reflectometry. Sov.J. Instrumen,1986,5:334-341
19 Rogers A. Distributed Optical-fibre Sensing. Proc.SPIE, 1991,1511:2-24
20 黄尚廉.分布式光纤温度传感器系统的研究.仪器仪表学报,199,12(4):359-364
21 张在宣.激光喇曼型分布光纤温度传感系统.光学学报,1995,15(11):1585-1589
22 Farries. Distributed Sensing Using Stimulated Raman Interaction in a Monomode Optical Fibre.OFS-2,1984:121-132
23 K.Shimizu. Coherent Self-Heterodyne Brillouin OTDR for Measurement of Brillouin Frequency Shift Distribution in Optical Fibers. J.Lightwave Technol,1994,12(5): 730-736
24 BaoX. Distrbuted Temperature Sensor Based on Brillouin Loss in an Optical Fiber.Opt.Lett,l993,18:1561-1563
25 T.Kurashima,T.Horiguchi,H.lzumita,S.Furukawa, Y.Koyamada. Brillouin Optical-Fiber Time Domain Reflectometry. IEICE Trans.Commun,1993,E76-B(4):382-389
26 K.Shimizu. Coherent Self-Heterodyne Detection of Spontaneously Brillouin-Scattered Light Waves in a Single-Mode Fiber. Opt.Lett,1993,18(3):185-187
27 D.Garus. Brillouin Optical-fiber Frequency-domain Analysis for Distributed Temperatrure and Strain Measurements. Lightwave Technology,1997,15(4):654-662
28 石顺祥等.非线性光学.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:122-130
29 Govind P.Agrawal.非线性光纤光学原理及应用.贾东方,余震虹.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:4
30 Horiguchia T,Kurashima T,Tateda M.Tensile Strain Dependence of Brilouin Frequency Shift in Silica Optical Fibers. IEEE Electron Tech Lett,1989,1:107-108
31 Mallinder F P, ProctorB A. Elaslic Constants of Fused Silica as a Function of Large Strain. Phys Chem Glasses,1964,5:91-103
32 万生鹏,何赛灵,胡见东.采用光滤波器的边缘检测布里渊光纤传感系统.传感技术学报,2005,18(2):371-373
33 哈斯乌力吉 , 吕志伟 , 何伟明 , 王双义 . 受激布里渊散射的新介质 . 激光技术,2005,29(3):311-314
34 何玉钧.基于自发布里渊散射德分布式光纤传感技术的研究.[华北电力大学硕士学位论文],2001:6-25
35 黄民双,曾励,陶宝祺,黄尚廉.分布式光纤布里渊散射应变传感器参数计算.航空学报,19991,20(2):137-140
36 Horiguchia T, Kurashima T, Tateda M.Tensile Strain Dependence of Brilouin Frequency Shift in Silica Optical Fibers. IEEE Electron Tech Lett,1989,1:107-108
37 Mallinder F P, ProctorB A. Elaslic Constants of Fused Silica as a Function of Large Strain. Phys Chem Glasses,1964,5:91-103
38 小川智栽.应用晶体物理学.北京:科学出版社,1985:197
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