基于复合材料理论的轮胎帘线受力模型及测试技术研究
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摘要
智能轮胎关键技术是当今轮胎研究的热点之一,其研究内容涉及轮胎力学、帘线/橡胶复合材料、传感技术、轮胎试验技术等领域。本文以轮胎帘线张力模型和帘线张力测试技术为研究对象,结合复合材料力学理论实现轮胎帘线张力数学模型的建立;研发能应用于轮胎帘线张力测试的帘线张力传感器和轮胎表面应变测试的应变传感器;实现试验轮胎试制并开展轮胎试验研究。该工作为智能轮胎关键技术研究开辟了一条新路,为进一步开展智能轮胎研究做技术准备。
研究工作首先根据轮胎结构特点,提出刚度圆环弹簧轮胎物理模型;结合复合材料板壳力学理论建立轮胎物理模型中圆环梁任意铺层帘线张力的数学模型;通过对轮胎充气和加载工况进行圆环梁受力分析,建立轮胎充气和加载工况下圆环梁张力及任意层帘线张力的数学模型。该模型表明帘线受力特征与轮胎加载条件、轮胎断面的形状和尺寸、帘线的规格、帘线的铺设角和排列间距、带束层的结构形式、带束层的宽度等诸多因素的耦合作用密切关联。开展轮胎结构的有限元建模和考评工作,实现轮胎充气和静态加载工况有限元分析。探讨不同载荷下子午线轮胎的帘线受力特征,为试验研究提供仿真依据。
研发可在制造工序中嵌入轮胎的钢丝帘线张力传感器。该传感器能够经受轮胎制造过程中的高温高压并稳定输出测试信号。通过系统研究单根钢丝帘线拉伸特性及复合材料中钢丝帘线拉伸特性,提出轮胎钢丝帘线张力的测试机理。同时还设计PVDF胶片传感器用于轮胎表面应变的测试。帘线张力传感器嵌入轮胎后检验合格,并开展样品轮胎充气试验和静态加载及加载滚动试验研究,是传感器开发初步成功的标志。
根据试验轮胎实验结果与理论计算,说明理论模型的合理性和可行性。通过试验和理论方法修正轮胎帘线张力与轮胎结构参数及静载工况条件的关系公式。加载滚动试验结果说明帘线张力和轮胎表面应变对于预测轮胎的行驶信息有相当大的参考价值。
实验结果及模型验证都表明,当轮胎结构和材料一定时,帘线张力和胎内侧应变的变化与轮胎的工况条件密切关联。通过对测试部位帘线张力和轮胎表面应变的变化测定,结合所建理论模型是可以分析出轮胎受力情况。研究结果对于开发轮胎帘线张力及轮胎表面应变测试系统和轮胎智能检测系统有非常大的潜力。
Key technology of intelligent tire is one of research hotspots for tires and its research fields involve in cord-rubber composite, tire mechanics, sensing technology, experiment technology and so on. This dissertation is devoted to the theory model and test technology of cords for tires. A mathematic model is derived based on the theory of composite mechanics to calculate the cord tension; cord tension sensors are designed and embedded into tire, which is produced and used in experiment research. This dissertation opens up a new way for research of intelligent tire.
The research firstly begins with bring forward a physical stiffness-circle-spring model of tires base on the characteristics of tire structure. A mathematic model of cord tension of any lamina in circular beam is built up based on the theory of composite plates and shells. A mathematic model of cord tension of any lamina is built up by calculating the stiffness model under inflation and static loading case of tire also. Two mathematic models indicate that cord tension is relating with loading and shape size of tire, specification of cord, lay angel, space, belt shape size and all coupling action. For checking out the result of theory analysis, FEA calculations are carried out in the cases of inflation, static loading of the tire and the results of FEA are evaluated. The results of cord tension calculated under different loads are discussed.
Cord tension sensors are designed and they can be embedded in tire at manufacture procedure without damage. Systematic experimental study on the tension properties of the steel cord and the tension properties of the steel cord in composite is carried out. Then testing mechanic of cord tension in tire is brought forward. PVDF-rubber sensors are designed also which be used in measure the surface stress of tire. The cord tension sensors embedded in tire and checked out after vulcanization is the sign as the success of sensor design.
Rationality and feasibility of the theoretical model is proved by the results of experiment and calculation, and achieved the relation formula of cord tension with structure of tire and case. According the dynamics experiment of tire, it has great advantage for monitoring tire by cord tension and strain of tire surface.
When structure and material of tire are certain, changes of cord tension and internal-surface strain for tires are associated with the cases of tire. It can be analyzed the cases of tires by monitoring the changes of cord tension and strain. This result has great meaning for design testing system of cord tension or strain for tire and monitoring system for intelligent tires.
研究工作首先根据轮胎结构特点,提出刚度圆环弹簧轮胎物理模型;结合复合材料板壳力学理论建立轮胎物理模型中圆环梁任意铺层帘线张力的数学模型;通过对轮胎充气和加载工况进行圆环梁受力分析,建立轮胎充气和加载工况下圆环梁张力及任意层帘线张力的数学模型。该模型表明帘线受力特征与轮胎加载条件、轮胎断面的形状和尺寸、帘线的规格、帘线的铺设角和排列间距、带束层的结构形式、带束层的宽度等诸多因素的耦合作用密切关联。开展轮胎结构的有限元建模和考评工作,实现轮胎充气和静态加载工况有限元分析。探讨不同载荷下子午线轮胎的帘线受力特征,为试验研究提供仿真依据。
研发可在制造工序中嵌入轮胎的钢丝帘线张力传感器。该传感器能够经受轮胎制造过程中的高温高压并稳定输出测试信号。通过系统研究单根钢丝帘线拉伸特性及复合材料中钢丝帘线拉伸特性,提出轮胎钢丝帘线张力的测试机理。同时还设计PVDF胶片传感器用于轮胎表面应变的测试。帘线张力传感器嵌入轮胎后检验合格,并开展样品轮胎充气试验和静态加载及加载滚动试验研究,是传感器开发初步成功的标志。
根据试验轮胎实验结果与理论计算,说明理论模型的合理性和可行性。通过试验和理论方法修正轮胎帘线张力与轮胎结构参数及静载工况条件的关系公式。加载滚动试验结果说明帘线张力和轮胎表面应变对于预测轮胎的行驶信息有相当大的参考价值。
实验结果及模型验证都表明,当轮胎结构和材料一定时,帘线张力和胎内侧应变的变化与轮胎的工况条件密切关联。通过对测试部位帘线张力和轮胎表面应变的变化测定,结合所建理论模型是可以分析出轮胎受力情况。研究结果对于开发轮胎帘线张力及轮胎表面应变测试系统和轮胎智能检测系统有非常大的潜力。
Key technology of intelligent tire is one of research hotspots for tires and its research fields involve in cord-rubber composite, tire mechanics, sensing technology, experiment technology and so on. This dissertation is devoted to the theory model and test technology of cords for tires. A mathematic model is derived based on the theory of composite mechanics to calculate the cord tension; cord tension sensors are designed and embedded into tire, which is produced and used in experiment research. This dissertation opens up a new way for research of intelligent tire.
The research firstly begins with bring forward a physical stiffness-circle-spring model of tires base on the characteristics of tire structure. A mathematic model of cord tension of any lamina in circular beam is built up based on the theory of composite plates and shells. A mathematic model of cord tension of any lamina is built up by calculating the stiffness model under inflation and static loading case of tire also. Two mathematic models indicate that cord tension is relating with loading and shape size of tire, specification of cord, lay angel, space, belt shape size and all coupling action. For checking out the result of theory analysis, FEA calculations are carried out in the cases of inflation, static loading of the tire and the results of FEA are evaluated. The results of cord tension calculated under different loads are discussed.
Cord tension sensors are designed and they can be embedded in tire at manufacture procedure without damage. Systematic experimental study on the tension properties of the steel cord and the tension properties of the steel cord in composite is carried out. Then testing mechanic of cord tension in tire is brought forward. PVDF-rubber sensors are designed also which be used in measure the surface stress of tire. The cord tension sensors embedded in tire and checked out after vulcanization is the sign as the success of sensor design.
Rationality and feasibility of the theoretical model is proved by the results of experiment and calculation, and achieved the relation formula of cord tension with structure of tire and case. According the dynamics experiment of tire, it has great advantage for monitoring tire by cord tension and strain of tire surface.
When structure and material of tire are certain, changes of cord tension and internal-surface strain for tires are associated with the cases of tire. It can be analyzed the cases of tires by monitoring the changes of cord tension and strain. This result has great meaning for design testing system of cord tension or strain for tire and monitoring system for intelligent tires.
引文
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