指向机构挠性支承系统优化设计及试验研究
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摘要
CCD成像仪是为我国新一代静止轨道气象卫星“风云四号”研制的光学遥感器。它能够满足对中小尺寸气象现象及突变和灾害性天气的连续观察和环境监测,提高我国气象卫星的综合观测能力。至今,CCD成像仪己从实验室研究走向实际应用阶段,在航空航天、卫星侦察、遥感遥测、天文测量、传真、静电复印、非接触工业测量、光学图像处理等领域都得到了广泛的应用。
支承部件是CCD成像仪中指向机构的重要组成部分,本文针对传统刚性支承在卫星发射过程中因加速度很大而产生的冷焊问题,通过选用挠性支承,进行结构设计和优化。
根据用户要求的各项设计指标确定了指向镜指向方案,即利用指向镜指向机构驱动光学系统前的反射镜二维指向。完成了指向机构的总体设计。选用三维实体设计软件solidworks对指向镜指向机构整体及各主要零部件进行建模,并生成有限元模型,利用与solidworks无缝集成的cosmosworks软件进行动静态分析,得到指向镜指向机构整体及各主要零部件的应力分布和变形情况,为下一步的优化设计做准备。挠性枢轴不同的安装方位承载能力有所不同,通过对挠性枢轴不同方位的承载能力进行了分析,找出了承载能力较大的安装方位。
根据分析得到的应力分布和变形情况对指向镜及Y向转轴支架两个主要零部件进行了优化设计以提高其刚度,得到了满意的效果。并对改进和优化以后的指向机构进行了模态分析和所可能承受的各种载荷的模拟,验证了设计和优化的正确性及可靠性。最后,对所设计出的指向镜指向机构实物进行振动测试实验,以检验其适应力学环境的能力和稳定性。
论文的研究方法具有一定的工程实用价值和较广的适用性,它对于同类型结构设计的强度计算和结构改善有着重要的借鉴作用。
CCD imager is an optical remote sensor developed for the new generation of geostationary obit meteorological satellite“FYⅣ”of China. It can be meet the needs of environmental monitoring and contionuous observation for small and medium-size meteorologic phenomena and the mutation、catastrophic weather, improving the comprehensive observation capability of Chinese meteorological satellite. So far, CCD imager has been from the laboratory research stage to practical application. It has been widely used in aerospace, satellite reconnaissance, remote sensing, astronomical measurement, fax, electrostatic copy, non-contact industrial measurement, optical image processing and other fields.
Supporting component is one of the most important parts of the derected structure in CCD imager. Cold welding is produced on the traditional rigid support in the process of launching, so flexible support is selected in this thesis and structural design and optimization are completed.
According to the design data requested by users, the directed mirror programme is determined. That is to say, directed structure is used to drive the reflecting mirror before the optic block to two-dimesional direct. The integrated design is completed. The thesis selected the software solidworks to complete the model building and completed the static and dynamic analysis with the software cosmosworks which is interated in solidworks. The result of the static and dynamic analysis can be used to prepare the optimum design. The different installation position will result in different carrying capcity of the flexible support. By analyzing the carrying capcity of different position, the biggest carring capcity position can be founded.
According to the result of the static and dynamic analysis, the directed mirror and Y turning gear are optimized to improve their rigidity. And to verify the correctness and reliability of the design and optimization, modal analysis and a variety of load which may be subjected are simulated. At last, the vibration testing laboratory is designed to test its ability to adapt to the environment and the mechanical stability.
The research methodology in this thesis has a certain practical value and broad applicability. It has an important role in the drawing for the same type of structural design and structural strength calculation.
支承部件是CCD成像仪中指向机构的重要组成部分,本文针对传统刚性支承在卫星发射过程中因加速度很大而产生的冷焊问题,通过选用挠性支承,进行结构设计和优化。
根据用户要求的各项设计指标确定了指向镜指向方案,即利用指向镜指向机构驱动光学系统前的反射镜二维指向。完成了指向机构的总体设计。选用三维实体设计软件solidworks对指向镜指向机构整体及各主要零部件进行建模,并生成有限元模型,利用与solidworks无缝集成的cosmosworks软件进行动静态分析,得到指向镜指向机构整体及各主要零部件的应力分布和变形情况,为下一步的优化设计做准备。挠性枢轴不同的安装方位承载能力有所不同,通过对挠性枢轴不同方位的承载能力进行了分析,找出了承载能力较大的安装方位。
根据分析得到的应力分布和变形情况对指向镜及Y向转轴支架两个主要零部件进行了优化设计以提高其刚度,得到了满意的效果。并对改进和优化以后的指向机构进行了模态分析和所可能承受的各种载荷的模拟,验证了设计和优化的正确性及可靠性。最后,对所设计出的指向镜指向机构实物进行振动测试实验,以检验其适应力学环境的能力和稳定性。
论文的研究方法具有一定的工程实用价值和较广的适用性,它对于同类型结构设计的强度计算和结构改善有着重要的借鉴作用。
CCD imager is an optical remote sensor developed for the new generation of geostationary obit meteorological satellite“FYⅣ”of China. It can be meet the needs of environmental monitoring and contionuous observation for small and medium-size meteorologic phenomena and the mutation、catastrophic weather, improving the comprehensive observation capability of Chinese meteorological satellite. So far, CCD imager has been from the laboratory research stage to practical application. It has been widely used in aerospace, satellite reconnaissance, remote sensing, astronomical measurement, fax, electrostatic copy, non-contact industrial measurement, optical image processing and other fields.
Supporting component is one of the most important parts of the derected structure in CCD imager. Cold welding is produced on the traditional rigid support in the process of launching, so flexible support is selected in this thesis and structural design and optimization are completed.
According to the design data requested by users, the directed mirror programme is determined. That is to say, directed structure is used to drive the reflecting mirror before the optic block to two-dimesional direct. The integrated design is completed. The thesis selected the software solidworks to complete the model building and completed the static and dynamic analysis with the software cosmosworks which is interated in solidworks. The result of the static and dynamic analysis can be used to prepare the optimum design. The different installation position will result in different carrying capcity of the flexible support. By analyzing the carrying capcity of different position, the biggest carring capcity position can be founded.
According to the result of the static and dynamic analysis, the directed mirror and Y turning gear are optimized to improve their rigidity. And to verify the correctness and reliability of the design and optimization, modal analysis and a variety of load which may be subjected are simulated. At last, the vibration testing laboratory is designed to test its ability to adapt to the environment and the mechanical stability.
The research methodology in this thesis has a certain practical value and broad applicability. It has an important role in the drawing for the same type of structural design and structural strength calculation.
引文
1刘春节.动力调谐陀螺仪一体式挠性支承.同济大学工学博士学位论文,2006.6:5-7
2唐宏亮.卫星用动调陀螺一体式挠性关键执照技术研究. 812所内部资料,2003
3刘付成,刘汝滨.卫星惯性姿态敏感器技术.上海航天,2003,Vol.20(5):33-37
4施少范.国外对地观测卫星高精度姿态控制系统研究.上海航天,2000,Vol.17(6):49-53
5 Soundar Kumara, Inyong Ham. Use of associative memory and Self-organization in conceptual design [J]. Annals of the CIRP, 1990, 39 (1):117-120
6高玉根,等.遗传算法在机械优化设计中的应用现状及展望.机械设计, 2002
7余雄庆,等.关于多学科设计优化计算框架的探讨[J].机械科学余技术,2004,23(3):286-289
8 Rikard Soderberg. Tolerance Alloction Considering Customer And Manufacturer objectives.DE- Vol.65- 2, Advances in Design Automation. ASME, 2000,2:149-157
9龙华,张来希,申晓龙.优化设计理论在工程设计中的应用.《装配制造技术》,2007年,(06)
10 Duane Detwiler. Computer Aided Structure Optimization of Automotive Body Structure.SAE960523
11孙靖民,等.机械优化设计.第三版.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:2-25
12 Tam M C Y, Tummala V M R. An application of the AHP in vendor selection of a telecommunications system. Omega, 2001, 29(2):171-182
13王基维,等.现代机械设计方法的现状和发展趋势.机械制造与研究,2007,36(6):5-6
14 Aguilar R J.Systems Analysis and Design. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood, Cliffs N.J.1973
15徐颖,周华.现代结构优化设计理论浅析.矿山机械.2003,11
16曾攀.有限元分析及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.6
17孙旭.自卸举升机构的仿真和结构有限元优化.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2008:26-50
18 H. Akbulut. On optimization of a car rim using finite element method [J].Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2003, 39:433-443
19 Rasmussen John and Lund Erik.The Issue of Generality in Design Optimization Systems.Engineering Optimization, 1997,(29):23-37
20 Vanderplaats, G. N. Structural Optimization- Past, Present, Future. AJAA Journal,1982(20):992- 1000
21陈秀宁.机械优化设计.浙江:浙江大学出版社, 1999
22马奎兴.有限元及软件ANSYS简介.水利科技与经济.2004,(10):190
23张永庆.浅析COSMOSWORKS在有限元分析中的应用.机械.2005,32:增刊
24 R.Merriam, H.H.Rieke and Y.C.Kim, Tensile Strength Related to Mineralogy and Texture of Some GRANITIC Rocks, Engineering Geology. 4(1970):155-160
25 D.F.Howarth and J.C. Rowlands. Quantiative Assesment of Rock Texture and Correlation with Drillability and Strength Properties. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 20(1987):57-85
26张剑寒,张宇民,韩杰才,赫晓东.空间反射镜材料性能的研究.材料导报.2006,20(2):9
27 Paquin Roger A. Materials for mirror system: an overview.SPIE, 1995, 2543:2
28韩杰才,张宇民,赫晓东.大尺寸轻型SiC光学反射镜研究进展.宇航学报.2001,22(6):124
29 Luz P L, Rice T. Mirror material properties compiled for preliminary design of the next generation space telescope: http://ntrs. NASA. Gov/archive/nasa/casi. Ntrs. NASA. Gov/19980201336_1998224096.pdf, 1998
30徐清兰,武凡,吴时彬,王家金.轻质碳化硅平面反射镜超光滑表面加工.光电工程.2004,31(9):22-25
31张广玉,国绍文,王武义,赵学增.碳化硅指向反射镜轴的高精度镶接技术研究.光学技术.2008,34(1):105-112
32王贵林,李圣怡,戴一帆.空间相机SiC反射镜的制作[J].机械工程材料.2006,26(8):37-38
33 Fort D, Warren J, et al. The CONTOUR remote imager and spectrograph. Actronautica.2003, 52:27-431
34 Harwit M, Leisawitz D, Rinehart S. A far-infrared/submillimeter kilometer-baseline interferometer in space. New Astronomy Reviews.2006, 50:228-234
35叶修梓,陈超祥.cosmosworks基础教程:cosmosworks Designer.机械工业出版社,2008
36 Vanderplaats, G.N. Structural Optimization-Past, Present, and Future.AJAA Journal, 1982(20):992-1000
37 Rasmussen John and Lund Erik. The Issue of Generality in Design Optimization Systems. Engineering Optimization. 1997,(29):23-37
38 Natarajan K.,Santhalkumar A.R., Reliability2based optimization of transmission line towers. Computers&Structures. 1995,56(3):387-403
39彭成刚.基于Pro/Engineer、Ansys的船尾A形吊结构的有限元优化设计.天津大学机械工程学院硕士学位论文.2006:26-29
40叶修梓,陈超祥.cosmosworks基础教程:cosmosworks Professional.机械工业出版社,2007:76-86
41濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计.第七版.高等教育出版社,2001:4-41
42 Juvinall R.C. Engineering Considerations of Stress, Strain and Strength. New York: McGrawHill, 1967
43 Juvinall R.C. Engineering Considerations of Stress, Strain and Strength. New York: McGrawhill,1967
44 http://202.114.88.54/g/csjs/course/Top_Bar/jiangyi/ch08.htm
45顾海明,周勇军.机械振动理论与应用.东南大学出版社,2007:125-141
2唐宏亮.卫星用动调陀螺一体式挠性关键执照技术研究. 812所内部资料,2003
3刘付成,刘汝滨.卫星惯性姿态敏感器技术.上海航天,2003,Vol.20(5):33-37
4施少范.国外对地观测卫星高精度姿态控制系统研究.上海航天,2000,Vol.17(6):49-53
5 Soundar Kumara, Inyong Ham. Use of associative memory and Self-organization in conceptual design [J]. Annals of the CIRP, 1990, 39 (1):117-120
6高玉根,等.遗传算法在机械优化设计中的应用现状及展望.机械设计, 2002
7余雄庆,等.关于多学科设计优化计算框架的探讨[J].机械科学余技术,2004,23(3):286-289
8 Rikard Soderberg. Tolerance Alloction Considering Customer And Manufacturer objectives.DE- Vol.65- 2, Advances in Design Automation. ASME, 2000,2:149-157
9龙华,张来希,申晓龙.优化设计理论在工程设计中的应用.《装配制造技术》,2007年,(06)
10 Duane Detwiler. Computer Aided Structure Optimization of Automotive Body Structure.SAE960523
11孙靖民,等.机械优化设计.第三版.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:2-25
12 Tam M C Y, Tummala V M R. An application of the AHP in vendor selection of a telecommunications system. Omega, 2001, 29(2):171-182
13王基维,等.现代机械设计方法的现状和发展趋势.机械制造与研究,2007,36(6):5-6
14 Aguilar R J.Systems Analysis and Design. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood, Cliffs N.J.1973
15徐颖,周华.现代结构优化设计理论浅析.矿山机械.2003,11
16曾攀.有限元分析及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.6
17孙旭.自卸举升机构的仿真和结构有限元优化.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2008:26-50
18 H. Akbulut. On optimization of a car rim using finite element method [J].Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2003, 39:433-443
19 Rasmussen John and Lund Erik.The Issue of Generality in Design Optimization Systems.Engineering Optimization, 1997,(29):23-37
20 Vanderplaats, G. N. Structural Optimization- Past, Present, Future. AJAA Journal,1982(20):992- 1000
21陈秀宁.机械优化设计.浙江:浙江大学出版社, 1999
22马奎兴.有限元及软件ANSYS简介.水利科技与经济.2004,(10):190
23张永庆.浅析COSMOSWORKS在有限元分析中的应用.机械.2005,32:增刊
24 R.Merriam, H.H.Rieke and Y.C.Kim, Tensile Strength Related to Mineralogy and Texture of Some GRANITIC Rocks, Engineering Geology. 4(1970):155-160
25 D.F.Howarth and J.C. Rowlands. Quantiative Assesment of Rock Texture and Correlation with Drillability and Strength Properties. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 20(1987):57-85
26张剑寒,张宇民,韩杰才,赫晓东.空间反射镜材料性能的研究.材料导报.2006,20(2):9
27 Paquin Roger A. Materials for mirror system: an overview.SPIE, 1995, 2543:2
28韩杰才,张宇民,赫晓东.大尺寸轻型SiC光学反射镜研究进展.宇航学报.2001,22(6):124
29 Luz P L, Rice T. Mirror material properties compiled for preliminary design of the next generation space telescope: http://ntrs. NASA. Gov/archive/nasa/casi. Ntrs. NASA. Gov/19980201336_1998224096.pdf, 1998
30徐清兰,武凡,吴时彬,王家金.轻质碳化硅平面反射镜超光滑表面加工.光电工程.2004,31(9):22-25
31张广玉,国绍文,王武义,赵学增.碳化硅指向反射镜轴的高精度镶接技术研究.光学技术.2008,34(1):105-112
32王贵林,李圣怡,戴一帆.空间相机SiC反射镜的制作[J].机械工程材料.2006,26(8):37-38
33 Fort D, Warren J, et al. The CONTOUR remote imager and spectrograph. Actronautica.2003, 52:27-431
34 Harwit M, Leisawitz D, Rinehart S. A far-infrared/submillimeter kilometer-baseline interferometer in space. New Astronomy Reviews.2006, 50:228-234
35叶修梓,陈超祥.cosmosworks基础教程:cosmosworks Designer.机械工业出版社,2008
36 Vanderplaats, G.N. Structural Optimization-Past, Present, and Future.AJAA Journal, 1982(20):992-1000
37 Rasmussen John and Lund Erik. The Issue of Generality in Design Optimization Systems. Engineering Optimization. 1997,(29):23-37
38 Natarajan K.,Santhalkumar A.R., Reliability2based optimization of transmission line towers. Computers&Structures. 1995,56(3):387-403
39彭成刚.基于Pro/Engineer、Ansys的船尾A形吊结构的有限元优化设计.天津大学机械工程学院硕士学位论文.2006:26-29
40叶修梓,陈超祥.cosmosworks基础教程:cosmosworks Professional.机械工业出版社,2007:76-86
41濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计.第七版.高等教育出版社,2001:4-41
42 Juvinall R.C. Engineering Considerations of Stress, Strain and Strength. New York: McGrawHill, 1967
43 Juvinall R.C. Engineering Considerations of Stress, Strain and Strength. New York: McGrawhill,1967
44 http://202.114.88.54/g/csjs/course/Top_Bar/jiangyi/ch08.htm
45顾海明,周勇军.机械振动理论与应用.东南大学出版社,2007:125-141