四种不同地区尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼间的种群遗传结构差异性分析
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摘要
1、用RAPD技术对四种不同地区罗非鱼进行种群遗传结构差
异性分析和杂种优势的预测。
在20条随机引物中，筛选到12条引物对四种不同地区的罗非鱼：
淡水渔业中心奥利亚罗非鱼（83淡奥利亚）、沙市尼罗罗非鱼（78沙
尼罗）、埃及尼罗罗非鱼（99埃及尼罗）、埃及奥利亚罗非鱼（99埃及
奥利亚）进行RAPD扩增，均得到1-8个大小不等的DNA片段，长度
大部分在500-2300bp之间。同时构建了这四种罗非鱼的基因组指纹
图谱，通过对获得的基因组指纹图谱进行种群结构差异性分析，利
用UPGMA构建它们之间的遗传距离树状图。结果表明：83淡奥利亚、
78沙尼罗、99埃及尼罗、99埃及奥利亚四种罗非鱼种内相似系数
分别为0.853、0.706、0.592、0.667；83淡奥利亚与78沙尼罗、
99埃及尼罗及99埃及奥利亚群体间遗传距离分别为0.577、0.450、
0.386；78沙尼罗与99埃及尼罗及99埃及奥利亚群体间遗传距离
分别为0.368和0.466；99淡尼罗与99埃及奥利亚群体间遗传距离
为0.400。这说明淡水中心奥利亚罗非鱼的种质最纯，接近一个超
纯体，沙市尼罗罗非鱼次之，但也具有相当高的纯度，埃及尼罗罗
非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼种内还具有相当大的遗传变性，指出二者种内
还具有较大的选择空间，在经过不断的科学选育之后，可以作为较
好的选育资源加以利用。同时根据遗传距离大小可预测83淡奥利亚
（♂）和78沙尼罗（♀）之间能产生比78沙尼罗（♀）和99埃及
奥利亚（♂）更强的杂交优势。
2、对四种不同地区罗非鱼进行传统的形态学差异分析。
对四种不同地区的罗非鱼通过传统形态学测定与可比性状相结
合，用方差分析进行群体形态学差异显著性研究，同时利用柱状分
析图对四种罗非鱼的四个可比性状参数进行比较分析。可数性状分
析结果表明，这几种罗非鱼在可数性状上无显著性差异。可比性状
在整体上分析也无显著性差异。但对四种罗非鱼可比性状的四个参
数进行分析，结果表明，四种罗非鱼在某些可比性状上（体长/体高、
摘 要
体长／头长、头长／尾柄长、头长／尾柄高）具有显著性差异，埃及的
两种罗非鱼在体形上都要比淡水中心奥利亚罗非鱼和沙市尼罗罗非
鱼偏长。这可能由以下两种原因造成：①不同地埋种群受环境因子
的影响而造成形态上的差异；②人们在鱼类选育目的上的不同对罗
非鱼形态上的差异也有很大的影响。
1. RAPD technique was used to analyze the genetic structure
and forecast fish heterosis of four different areas of tilapia
populations.
In all 20 random primers, 12 random primers were chosen out and used to
amplified the individuals?genomic DNA of four Tilapia populations (Fo is
token FFRC O.uureus, Sn: Shashi O.niloticus; En: Egyptian O.niloticus; Eo:
Egyptian O.uure us). The 12 primers all generated amplification bands,
whose numbers ranged from I to 8 and sizes from 500-2300bp. By analyzing
the data of the genetic fingerprints, the genetic relationship of the four tilapia
populations was constructed with UPGMA.
The result of this experiment showed the fact as follow: the
with-population index of similarity of Fo, Sn, En and Eo calculated from
RAPD fingerprints were respectively 0.853,0.706,0.592 and 0.667.The
between-population index of genetic distance of them were that Fo and Sn was
0.577, Fo and En was 0.450, Fo and Eo was 0.386, Sn and En was 0.368, Sn
and Eo was 0.466. En and Eo was 0.400. From the data it was safely to arrive
the conclusion that the genetic quality of Fo was more pure than the rest of the
four populations?and there were still some genetic diversity of En and Eo. It
suggested that if they were chosen properly, they were all good breeding
resources. At the same time, according to the data of between-population
3
ABSTRACT
index of genetic distance, it could be predicted that Fo( ~ ) X Sn( ~) should
have a more advanced beterosis.
2. 11aditional morphological data was used to analyze the
morphological variations of the four tilapia populations from
different areas.
Traditional morphological data and comparable characters were combined
to conduct a multivariation analysis to study the morphological variations of
four tilapia populations. Analysis of meristic characters and comparable
characters in whole indicated that there were no significant differences among
these populations, but in the comparable characters, there were four
parameters among the four populations existed significant differences. From
the result, it could be informed that the two Egyptian populations were longer
than the others in length. It was caused possibly by the following two reasons:
CD Different geographic populations were undergone different circumstance
factors;甌he select tendency of local people were also very important.
异性分析和杂种优势的预测。
在20条随机引物中，筛选到12条引物对四种不同地区的罗非鱼：
淡水渔业中心奥利亚罗非鱼（83淡奥利亚）、沙市尼罗罗非鱼（78沙
尼罗）、埃及尼罗罗非鱼（99埃及尼罗）、埃及奥利亚罗非鱼（99埃及
奥利亚）进行RAPD扩增，均得到1-8个大小不等的DNA片段，长度
大部分在500-2300bp之间。同时构建了这四种罗非鱼的基因组指纹
图谱，通过对获得的基因组指纹图谱进行种群结构差异性分析，利
用UPGMA构建它们之间的遗传距离树状图。结果表明：83淡奥利亚、
78沙尼罗、99埃及尼罗、99埃及奥利亚四种罗非鱼种内相似系数
分别为0.853、0.706、0.592、0.667；83淡奥利亚与78沙尼罗、
99埃及尼罗及99埃及奥利亚群体间遗传距离分别为0.577、0.450、
0.386；78沙尼罗与99埃及尼罗及99埃及奥利亚群体间遗传距离
分别为0.368和0.466；99淡尼罗与99埃及奥利亚群体间遗传距离
为0.400。这说明淡水中心奥利亚罗非鱼的种质最纯，接近一个超
纯体，沙市尼罗罗非鱼次之，但也具有相当高的纯度，埃及尼罗罗
非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼种内还具有相当大的遗传变性，指出二者种内
还具有较大的选择空间，在经过不断的科学选育之后，可以作为较
好的选育资源加以利用。同时根据遗传距离大小可预测83淡奥利亚
（♂）和78沙尼罗（♀）之间能产生比78沙尼罗（♀）和99埃及
奥利亚（♂）更强的杂交优势。
2、对四种不同地区罗非鱼进行传统的形态学差异分析。
对四种不同地区的罗非鱼通过传统形态学测定与可比性状相结
合，用方差分析进行群体形态学差异显著性研究，同时利用柱状分
析图对四种罗非鱼的四个可比性状参数进行比较分析。可数性状分
析结果表明，这几种罗非鱼在可数性状上无显著性差异。可比性状
在整体上分析也无显著性差异。但对四种罗非鱼可比性状的四个参
数进行分析，结果表明，四种罗非鱼在某些可比性状上（体长/体高、
摘 要
体长／头长、头长／尾柄长、头长／尾柄高）具有显著性差异，埃及的
两种罗非鱼在体形上都要比淡水中心奥利亚罗非鱼和沙市尼罗罗非
鱼偏长。这可能由以下两种原因造成：①不同地埋种群受环境因子
的影响而造成形态上的差异；②人们在鱼类选育目的上的不同对罗
非鱼形态上的差异也有很大的影响。
1. RAPD technique was used to analyze the genetic structure
and forecast fish heterosis of four different areas of tilapia
populations.
In all 20 random primers, 12 random primers were chosen out and used to
amplified the individuals?genomic DNA of four Tilapia populations (Fo is
token FFRC O.uureus, Sn: Shashi O.niloticus; En: Egyptian O.niloticus; Eo:
Egyptian O.uure us). The 12 primers all generated amplification bands,
whose numbers ranged from I to 8 and sizes from 500-2300bp. By analyzing
the data of the genetic fingerprints, the genetic relationship of the four tilapia
populations was constructed with UPGMA.
The result of this experiment showed the fact as follow: the
with-population index of similarity of Fo, Sn, En and Eo calculated from
RAPD fingerprints were respectively 0.853,0.706,0.592 and 0.667.The
between-population index of genetic distance of them were that Fo and Sn was
0.577, Fo and En was 0.450, Fo and Eo was 0.386, Sn and En was 0.368, Sn
and Eo was 0.466. En and Eo was 0.400. From the data it was safely to arrive
the conclusion that the genetic quality of Fo was more pure than the rest of the
four populations?and there were still some genetic diversity of En and Eo. It
suggested that if they were chosen properly, they were all good breeding
resources. At the same time, according to the data of between-population
3
ABSTRACT
index of genetic distance, it could be predicted that Fo( ~ ) X Sn( ~) should
have a more advanced beterosis.
2. 11aditional morphological data was used to analyze the
morphological variations of the four tilapia populations from
different areas.
Traditional morphological data and comparable characters were combined
to conduct a multivariation analysis to study the morphological variations of
four tilapia populations. Analysis of meristic characters and comparable
characters in whole indicated that there were no significant differences among
these populations, but in the comparable characters, there were four
parameters among the four populations existed significant differences. From
the result, it could be informed that the two Egyptian populations were longer
than the others in length. It was caused possibly by the following two reasons:
CD Different geographic populations were undergone different circumstance
factors;甌he select tendency of local people were also very important.
引文
1、夏德全 2000中国罗非鱼养殖现状及发展前景。科学养鱼 2000(1)
2、潘炯华 1989罗非鱼的养殖。广东科技出版社。
3、李思发 1999中国罗非鱼养殖业发展对策．中国渔业经济研究：发展战略13-15。
4、中国渔业统计年鉴 1984-1998。农业部渔业局编。
5、李思发 1993主要养殖鱼类种质资源研究进展．水产学报 17(4)：344-358。
6、陈素芝等 1994我国引进的罗非鱼类的初步研究 动物学杂志 29(3)：18-23。
7、蔡仁逵等 1991名特优水产品养殖实用技术．中央广播电视大学出版社。
8、李思发等 1995我国尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼养殖群体的遗传渐渗。水产学报 19(27)：105-110。
9、张细权等 1997动物遗传标记。中国农业出版社。
10、张兴忠等 1993生物技术在水产生物种质资源开发利用研究中的应用。中国水产科学 2(5)：143-149。
11、吴婷婷等 1993鳜鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼乳酸脱氢酶谱的比较。水产学报 17(4)：325-329。
12、杨兴棋等 1984几种罗非鱼乳酸脱氢酶的电泳研究．遗传学报11(2)：123-140。
13、李志忠 1997奥利亚罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼同工酶的研究 南京农业大学硕士论文。
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19、王进科 1999鱼类非放射性DNA指纹图谱技术及罗非鱼遗传结构和鱼类杂种优势的DNA指纹图谱研究。南京农业大学博士论文。
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2、潘炯华 1989罗非鱼的养殖。广东科技出版社。
3、李思发 1999中国罗非鱼养殖业发展对策．中国渔业经济研究：发展战略13-15。
4、中国渔业统计年鉴 1984-1998。农业部渔业局编。
5、李思发 1993主要养殖鱼类种质资源研究进展．水产学报 17(4)：344-358。
6、陈素芝等 1994我国引进的罗非鱼类的初步研究 动物学杂志 29(3)：18-23。
7、蔡仁逵等 1991名特优水产品养殖实用技术．中央广播电视大学出版社。
8、李思发等 1995我国尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼养殖群体的遗传渐渗。水产学报 19(27)：105-110。
9、张细权等 1997动物遗传标记。中国农业出版社。
10、张兴忠等 1993生物技术在水产生物种质资源开发利用研究中的应用。中国水产科学 2(5)：143-149。
11、吴婷婷等 1993鳜鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼乳酸脱氢酶谱的比较。水产学报 17(4)：325-329。
12、杨兴棋等 1984几种罗非鱼乳酸脱氢酶的电泳研究．遗传学报11(2)：123-140。
13、李志忠 1997奥利亚罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼同工酶的研究 南京农业大学硕士论文。
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