中国环境价值观对多特征环境决策的影响
|
摘要
环境决策是个体对几种环境结果进行评估和判断,进而对产生这几种环境结果的行为或方案进行选择的过程。而环境结果通常在一定时间之后,以一定可能性发生在某些地方,使得某些人群受到影响,也就是说,环境结果往往同时具有时间延迟性、不确定性、社会性等多维特征。因此,环境决策具有典型的多特征属性,它涵盖三个基本的维度：时间、风险与社会性,个体在进行环境结果评估和做出环境决策时必然受环境结果的时间距离、概率距离、人际距离等多种因素的影响。
Simon认为,决策评估主要基于事实前提和价值前提。事实上,对环境结果的认知,也无可避免地受价值观影响。环境价值观是中国文化价值观中对环境行为和决策产生直接影响的部分,是能够指导个体做出环境相关决策与行为的稳定的持久的信念。它与时间距离、概率距离和社会距离一同对人们的环境评估和决策产生影响,而且当不同的心理距离复合在一起时,环境价值观的作用又与单一心理距离时不同。本研究结合环境结果的多特征性质,以水资源为例,探讨了中国环境价值观对环境跨期决策、环境风险决策、环境社会决策和环境复合决策的影响。研究共分成五个部分,研究一对中国环境价值观的内容和结构进行了探讨,并编制了中国环境价值观量表；研究二探讨了中国环境价值观对水资源跨期决策的影响；研究三探讨了中国环境价值观对水资源风险决策的影响；研究四探讨了中国环境价值观对水资源社会决策的影响；研究五探讨了中国环境价值观对水资源多特征复合决策的影响。
研究一编制了中国环境价值观量表,并进行了大样本的调查,探索性和验证性因素分析的结果显示,中国环境价值观包括团结和谐、重视亲缘、正义利他、博爱平等、自然知足和谦虚自律等六个维度,体现了儒家、道家和佛家思想的影响。其中,博爱平等侧重于世界观,重视亲缘、团结和谐和正义利他侧重于社会观,谦虚自律和自然知足侧重于个人观。
研究二设计了两个实验。实验1探讨了中国环境价值观不同的被试在延迟时间为1年、10年和50年时的水资源时间折扣率。结果表明,中国环境价值观和时间折扣率有显著的负相关。实验2中考察中国环境价值观不同的被试对增加和减少废水再利用项目科研经费政策的支持程度,发现中国环境价值观强的被试更支持增加经费的政策,且中国环境价值观通过未来时间取向的部分中介作用影响环境政策支持度。
研究三设计了两个实验。实验1探讨了中国环境价值观不同的被试在水资源问题的发生概率为95%、65%和5%时的概率折扣率,并让被试在“获得较大的利益但有较大可能会破坏环境”和“获得较小的利益但有较小可能会破坏环境”之间做出选择,结果表明,中国环境价值观高分组比低分组有更多人选择有较小概率会破坏环境的决策,中国环境价值观通过环境风险知觉的中介作用影响环境风险决策,还发现中国被试对于以数字形式呈现的概率信息存在加工不畅,中国环境价值观和概率折扣率的相关基本不显著。实验2进一步研究以语言描述的形式呈现概率信息时的概率折扣情况,让被试分别评估在确定、中等概率和很小概率时1200吨的水短缺和2000000吨的水污染所带来的环境问题的严重程度,发现中国环境价值观与水污染严重性评估显著正相关,且环境价值观弱的被试认为随着发生概率的减小而严重性减小,而对环境价值观强的被试没有这种现象存在。
研究四设计了三个实验。实验1探讨了当水资源问题发生在不同社会距离的承担者身上时严重性评估的情况,结果表明,中国环境价值观与水污染严重性评估显著正相关；对于发生在母亲以外的承担者身上的水资源问题,价值观与社会折扣程度显著正相关。实验2中让被试回答当水污染承担者分别是自己或他人时排放污水的量是多少,发现中国环境价值观与排水量显著负相关,中国环境价值观与社会折扣程度显著正相关。实验3中让被试回答在分别与熟人和陌生人进行博弈实验时的取水量,发现中国环境价值观与取水量显著负相关,并通过人际信任的中介作用负向预测取水量。
研究五设计了两个实验。实验1采用研究四实验2的范式,让被试回答在同时有概率距离和社会距离时,以及同时有时间距离和社会距离时,排放污水的量是多少,发现中国环境价值观与排水量显著负相关,与社会折扣程度显著相关不显著。通过与研究四实验2进行对比发现,在即时确定情境下,中国环境价值观与社会折扣程度显著正相关,但是在增加了情境的风险或时间维度之后,相关变为不显著。实验2采用研究四实验3的范式,让被试回答在同时有概率距离和社会距离时,以及同时有时间距离和社会距离时,取水量是多少,发现中国环境价值观与取水量显著负相关,与社会折扣程度显著相关不显著。还通过与研究四实验3进行对比发现,在即时确定情境下,中国环境价值观与社会折扣程度显著正相关,但是在增加了情境的风险或时间维度之后,相关变为不显著。
最后,研究者总结了本研究结果对中国环境价值观研究、环境决策研究、行为决策理论及心理距离研究的启示。
Environmental decision making is complicated because it is not a single-featured decision making process but a multi-featured one. Environmental issues often are characterized by high levels of uncertainty, by strongly delayed consequences, and by consequences that occur at distant places and are-therefore-borne by others. Thus, the temporal distance, probability distance and interpersonal distance of environmental outcomes will inevitably take important roles in severity assessment. These psychological distances may cause people underestimating severity of environmental outcomes which usually not occur for sure, now, and to oneself.
Values were considered to influence ecological decision making from the perspective of intertemporal choice, risky choice and social decision making. Cultural values are considered to influence perception and severity assessment of environmental outcomes. Many researches showed that Chinese cultural values (CCVs) could promote people to value future goals and outcomes, attach importance to environmental risks, and encourage pro-environmental decision, because CCVs advocated altruism and environmentalism. Chinese environmental values (CEVs) are part of CCVs, which will have direct and most influence on environmental decision making and behaviors. CEVs will affect environmental outcome evaluation and decision making along with psychological distances. Thus the present study the influence of CEVs on multi-featured environmental decision making using water resource as an example. This study included five parts:Part1investigated the content of CEVs; Part2investigated the effect of CEVs on water intertemporal decision making; Part3investigated the effect of CEVs on water risky decision making; Part4investigated the effect of CEVs on water social decision making; Part5investigated the effect of CEVs on water multi-featured decision making.
Part1concentrated on the content of CEVs. The results showed that CEVs consist of six dimensions, namely natural and contented, modest and self-discipline, interpersonal harmonious, family-focused, just and altruistic, and humanitarianism.
Part2included two experiments:Experiment1investigated the effect of CEVs on delay discounting rate of water resource. The results showed that CEVs was negatively related to delay discounting rate of water resource. Experiment2investigated the effect of CEVs on support water resource related policies. The results showed that participants who are high in CEVs will be more supportive for the policies with short-term negative economic consequences and long-term positive environmental consequences, as compared to individuals low in CEVs. It was also demonstrated that CEVs can influence supportive for the policies with negative economic consequences and positive environmental consequences through the mediating role of future time perspective.
Part3included two experiments:Experiment1investigated the effect of CEVs on water resource risky choices. The results showed that CEVs could positively predict water resource related risky choices through the mediating role of environmental risk perception. Experiment2investigated the effect of CEVs on severity assessment of water resource determination of different possibility. The results showed that participants who are high in CEVs didn't discount severity assessment of water resource determination, while participants low in CEVs did.
Part4included three experiments:Experiment1investigated the effect of CEVs severity assessment of water resource determination happening on different people. The results showed that participants who are low in CEVs didn't discount severity assessment of water resource determination, while participants high in CEVs did. Experiment2investigated the effect of CEVs on waste water decision making. The results showed that CEVs was negatively related to the amount of waste water discharged, while positively related to social discounting degree. Experiment3investigated the effect of CEVs on water intake decision making. The results showed that CEVs was negatively related to the amount of water intake, while positively related to social discounting degree. It was also showed that CEVs could positively predict amount of water intake through the mediating role of interpersonal trust.
Part5included two experiments:In experiment1,170participants were asked to decide how much waste water they would discharge in intertemporal condition and risky condition with victims being themselves and others. The results of the experiment showed that CEVs help reduce the emission of waste water, in the mean time the correlation between CEVs and social discounting degree became insignificant. Experiment2investigated the effect of CEVs on water intake decision making in intertemporal condition and risky condition. The results showed that CEVs was negatively related to the amount of water intake, in the mean time the correlation between CEVs and social discounting degree became insignificant.
In the end, the theory implications of the results to CEVs, psychological distance and construal level theory, environmental decision making, and other decision making theory were concluded.
Simon认为,决策评估主要基于事实前提和价值前提。事实上,对环境结果的认知,也无可避免地受价值观影响。环境价值观是中国文化价值观中对环境行为和决策产生直接影响的部分,是能够指导个体做出环境相关决策与行为的稳定的持久的信念。它与时间距离、概率距离和社会距离一同对人们的环境评估和决策产生影响,而且当不同的心理距离复合在一起时,环境价值观的作用又与单一心理距离时不同。本研究结合环境结果的多特征性质,以水资源为例,探讨了中国环境价值观对环境跨期决策、环境风险决策、环境社会决策和环境复合决策的影响。研究共分成五个部分,研究一对中国环境价值观的内容和结构进行了探讨,并编制了中国环境价值观量表；研究二探讨了中国环境价值观对水资源跨期决策的影响；研究三探讨了中国环境价值观对水资源风险决策的影响；研究四探讨了中国环境价值观对水资源社会决策的影响；研究五探讨了中国环境价值观对水资源多特征复合决策的影响。
研究一编制了中国环境价值观量表,并进行了大样本的调查,探索性和验证性因素分析的结果显示,中国环境价值观包括团结和谐、重视亲缘、正义利他、博爱平等、自然知足和谦虚自律等六个维度,体现了儒家、道家和佛家思想的影响。其中,博爱平等侧重于世界观,重视亲缘、团结和谐和正义利他侧重于社会观,谦虚自律和自然知足侧重于个人观。
研究二设计了两个实验。实验1探讨了中国环境价值观不同的被试在延迟时间为1年、10年和50年时的水资源时间折扣率。结果表明,中国环境价值观和时间折扣率有显著的负相关。实验2中考察中国环境价值观不同的被试对增加和减少废水再利用项目科研经费政策的支持程度,发现中国环境价值观强的被试更支持增加经费的政策,且中国环境价值观通过未来时间取向的部分中介作用影响环境政策支持度。
研究三设计了两个实验。实验1探讨了中国环境价值观不同的被试在水资源问题的发生概率为95%、65%和5%时的概率折扣率,并让被试在“获得较大的利益但有较大可能会破坏环境”和“获得较小的利益但有较小可能会破坏环境”之间做出选择,结果表明,中国环境价值观高分组比低分组有更多人选择有较小概率会破坏环境的决策,中国环境价值观通过环境风险知觉的中介作用影响环境风险决策,还发现中国被试对于以数字形式呈现的概率信息存在加工不畅,中国环境价值观和概率折扣率的相关基本不显著。实验2进一步研究以语言描述的形式呈现概率信息时的概率折扣情况,让被试分别评估在确定、中等概率和很小概率时1200吨的水短缺和2000000吨的水污染所带来的环境问题的严重程度,发现中国环境价值观与水污染严重性评估显著正相关,且环境价值观弱的被试认为随着发生概率的减小而严重性减小,而对环境价值观强的被试没有这种现象存在。
研究四设计了三个实验。实验1探讨了当水资源问题发生在不同社会距离的承担者身上时严重性评估的情况,结果表明,中国环境价值观与水污染严重性评估显著正相关；对于发生在母亲以外的承担者身上的水资源问题,价值观与社会折扣程度显著正相关。实验2中让被试回答当水污染承担者分别是自己或他人时排放污水的量是多少,发现中国环境价值观与排水量显著负相关,中国环境价值观与社会折扣程度显著正相关。实验3中让被试回答在分别与熟人和陌生人进行博弈实验时的取水量,发现中国环境价值观与取水量显著负相关,并通过人际信任的中介作用负向预测取水量。
研究五设计了两个实验。实验1采用研究四实验2的范式,让被试回答在同时有概率距离和社会距离时,以及同时有时间距离和社会距离时,排放污水的量是多少,发现中国环境价值观与排水量显著负相关,与社会折扣程度显著相关不显著。通过与研究四实验2进行对比发现,在即时确定情境下,中国环境价值观与社会折扣程度显著正相关,但是在增加了情境的风险或时间维度之后,相关变为不显著。实验2采用研究四实验3的范式,让被试回答在同时有概率距离和社会距离时,以及同时有时间距离和社会距离时,取水量是多少,发现中国环境价值观与取水量显著负相关,与社会折扣程度显著相关不显著。还通过与研究四实验3进行对比发现,在即时确定情境下,中国环境价值观与社会折扣程度显著正相关,但是在增加了情境的风险或时间维度之后,相关变为不显著。
最后,研究者总结了本研究结果对中国环境价值观研究、环境决策研究、行为决策理论及心理距离研究的启示。
Environmental decision making is complicated because it is not a single-featured decision making process but a multi-featured one. Environmental issues often are characterized by high levels of uncertainty, by strongly delayed consequences, and by consequences that occur at distant places and are-therefore-borne by others. Thus, the temporal distance, probability distance and interpersonal distance of environmental outcomes will inevitably take important roles in severity assessment. These psychological distances may cause people underestimating severity of environmental outcomes which usually not occur for sure, now, and to oneself.
Values were considered to influence ecological decision making from the perspective of intertemporal choice, risky choice and social decision making. Cultural values are considered to influence perception and severity assessment of environmental outcomes. Many researches showed that Chinese cultural values (CCVs) could promote people to value future goals and outcomes, attach importance to environmental risks, and encourage pro-environmental decision, because CCVs advocated altruism and environmentalism. Chinese environmental values (CEVs) are part of CCVs, which will have direct and most influence on environmental decision making and behaviors. CEVs will affect environmental outcome evaluation and decision making along with psychological distances. Thus the present study the influence of CEVs on multi-featured environmental decision making using water resource as an example. This study included five parts:Part1investigated the content of CEVs; Part2investigated the effect of CEVs on water intertemporal decision making; Part3investigated the effect of CEVs on water risky decision making; Part4investigated the effect of CEVs on water social decision making; Part5investigated the effect of CEVs on water multi-featured decision making.
Part1concentrated on the content of CEVs. The results showed that CEVs consist of six dimensions, namely natural and contented, modest and self-discipline, interpersonal harmonious, family-focused, just and altruistic, and humanitarianism.
Part2included two experiments:Experiment1investigated the effect of CEVs on delay discounting rate of water resource. The results showed that CEVs was negatively related to delay discounting rate of water resource. Experiment2investigated the effect of CEVs on support water resource related policies. The results showed that participants who are high in CEVs will be more supportive for the policies with short-term negative economic consequences and long-term positive environmental consequences, as compared to individuals low in CEVs. It was also demonstrated that CEVs can influence supportive for the policies with negative economic consequences and positive environmental consequences through the mediating role of future time perspective.
Part3included two experiments:Experiment1investigated the effect of CEVs on water resource risky choices. The results showed that CEVs could positively predict water resource related risky choices through the mediating role of environmental risk perception. Experiment2investigated the effect of CEVs on severity assessment of water resource determination of different possibility. The results showed that participants who are high in CEVs didn't discount severity assessment of water resource determination, while participants low in CEVs did.
Part4included three experiments:Experiment1investigated the effect of CEVs severity assessment of water resource determination happening on different people. The results showed that participants who are low in CEVs didn't discount severity assessment of water resource determination, while participants high in CEVs did. Experiment2investigated the effect of CEVs on waste water decision making. The results showed that CEVs was negatively related to the amount of waste water discharged, while positively related to social discounting degree. Experiment3investigated the effect of CEVs on water intake decision making. The results showed that CEVs was negatively related to the amount of water intake, while positively related to social discounting degree. It was also showed that CEVs could positively predict amount of water intake through the mediating role of interpersonal trust.
Part5included two experiments:In experiment1,170participants were asked to decide how much waste water they would discharge in intertemporal condition and risky condition with victims being themselves and others. The results of the experiment showed that CEVs help reduce the emission of waste water, in the mean time the correlation between CEVs and social discounting degree became insignificant. Experiment2investigated the effect of CEVs on water intake decision making in intertemporal condition and risky condition. The results showed that CEVs was negatively related to the amount of water intake, in the mean time the correlation between CEVs and social discounting degree became insignificant.
In the end, the theory implications of the results to CEVs, psychological distance and construal level theory, environmental decision making, and other decision making theory were concluded.
引文
Adams, J. (2012). Consideration of immediate and future consequences, smoking status, and body mass index. Health Psychology,31,260-263.
Adams, J.,& Nettle. D. (2009). Time perspective, personality and smoking, body mass, and physical activity:An empirical study. British Journal of Health Psychology,14,83-105.
Adolescent,29,121-45. Bayerische Ruck. (1993). Risk is a construct. Perceptions of risk perception. Munchen:Knesebeck.
Ahlbrecht, M.,& Weber, M. (1997). An empirical study on intertemporal decision making under risk. Management Science,43,813-826.
Ando, K., Ohnuma, S..& Chang, E. C. (2007). Comparing normative influences as determinants of environmentally conscious behaviours between the USA and Japan. Asian Journal of Social Psychology,10,171-178.
Anderson, L. R.,& Stafford, S. L. (2009). Individual decision-making experiments with risk and intertemporal choice. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty,38,51-72.
Arnocky, S., Milfont, T. L.,& Nicol., J. R. (2013). Time perspective and sustainable behavior:Evidence for the distinction between consideration of immediate and future consequences. Environment and Behavior,2,1-28.
Asakawa, K.,& Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998). Feelings of connectedness and internalization of values in Asian American adolescents. Journal of youth Adolescent,29,121-45.
Bar-Anan, Y., Liberman, N.,& Trope, Y. (2006). The association between psychological distance and construal level:Evidence from an implicit association test. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,135,609-622.
Batson, C.D. (1991). The altruism question:toward a social psychological answer. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ.
Batson, C. D., Sager, K., Garst, E., Kang, M., Rubchinsky, K.,& Dawson, K. (1997). Is empathy-induced helping due to self-other merging? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,73,495-509.
Baumeister, R. F.,& Hearherton, T. F. (1996). Self-regulation failure:an overview. Psychological Inquiry,7,1-15.
Block, R. A., Buggie, S. E.,& Matsui, F. (1996). Beliefs about time:Cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of Psychology,130,5-22.
Bohm, G.,& Pfister, H. R. (2000). Action tendencies and characteristics of environmental risks. Acta Psychologica,104,317-337.
Bohm, G.,& Pfister, H. R. (2005). Consequences, morality, and time in environmental risk evaluation. Journal of Risk Research,8,461-479.
Bolino, M. C.,& Turnley, W. H. (2005). The personal costs of citizenship behavior: The relationship between individual initiative and role overload, job stress, and work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology,90,740-748.
Bowles,T. (2008). The relationship of time orientation with perceived academic performance and preparation for assessment in adolescents. Educational Psychology,28,551-565.
Bontempo, R. N., Bottom, W. P.,& Weber, E. U. (1997). Cross-cultural differences in risk perception:A model-based approach. Risk Analysis,17,479-488.
Capriotti, K.,& Waldrup, B. E. (2005). Miscommunication of uncertainties in financial statements:A study of preparers and users. Journal of Business& Economics Research,3(1),33-46.
Carson,R. T.,& Tran, B. R. (2009). Discounting Behavior and Environmental Decisions. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics,2(2),112-130.
Chan, R. Y. K. (2001). Determinants of Chinese consumers'green purchase behavior. Psychology & Marketing,18,389-413.
Chapman, G. B. (1996). Temporal discounting and utility for health and money. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory and Cognition,22(3), 771-791.
Chapman, G. B. (2001). Time preferences for the very long term. Acta Psychologia, 108(2),95-116.
Chapman, G. B. (2003). Time discounting of health outcomes. In GLoewenstein, D. Read,& R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Time and decision:Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice (pp.395-417). New York:Russell Sage.
Chapman, G. B.,& Elstein, A. S. (1995). Valuing the future:Discounting health and money. Medical Decision Making,15,373-386.
Chinese Culture Connection. (1987). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,18,143-164.
Corral-Verdugo,V., Fraijo-Sing,B.,& Pinheiro, J.Q. (2006). Sustainable behavior and time perspective:Present,past,and future orientations and their relationship with water conservation behavior. Interamerican Journal of Psychology,40,139-147.
Daugherty, J. R.,& Brase, G. L. (2009). Taking time to be healthy:Predicting health behaviors with delay discounting and time perspective. Personality and Individual Differences,48,202-207.
De Mooij M. (1998). Global marketing and advertising:understanding cultural paradoxes. London:Sage Publications.
Dhar, R.,& Kim, E. Y. (2007). Seeing the forest or the trees:Implications of construal level theory for consumer choice. Journal of Consumer Psychology,17,96-100.
Du, W., Green, L.,& Myerson, J. (2002). Cross-cultural comparisons of discounting delayed and probabilistic rewards. Psychological Record,52,479-492.
Duan, H. X.,& Fortner, R. W. (2005). Chinese college students'perceptions and information sources about global vs. local environmental issues. Journal of Environmental Education,36(4),23-32.
Dunlap, R., Van Liere, K., Mertig, A.,& Jones, R. E. (2000). Measuring endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm:A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues,56, 425-442.
Dutt, V.,& Gonzalez, C. (2012). Why do we want to delay actions on climate change? Effects of probability and timing of climate consequences. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,25(2),154-164.
Doupnik, T. S.,& Riccio, E. L. (2006). The influence of conservatism and secrecy on the interpretation of verbal probability expressions in the Anglo and Latin cultural areas. The International Journal of Accounting,41,231-261.
Eyal, T., Liberman N.,Trope, Y. (2008). Judging near and distant virtue and vice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,44,1204-1209.
Eyal, T., Sagristano, M. D., Trope, Y, Liberman, N.,& Chaikene, S. (2009). When values matter:Expressing values in behavioral intentions for the near vs. distant future. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,45(1),35-43.
Flynn, J., Burns, W, Mertz,& Slovic, P. (1992). Trust as a determinant of opposition to a high-level radioactive waste repository:Analysis of a structural model. Risk Analysis,12(3),417-429.
Freitas, A. L., Gollwitzer, P. M,& Trope, Y. (2004). The influence of abstract and concrete mindsets on anticipating and guiding others'self-regulatory efforts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,40,739-752.
Freitas, A. L., Salovey, P.,& Liberman, N. (2001). Abstract and concrete selfevaluative goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,80,410-424.
Fishbach, A.,& Friedman, R. S. (2003). Leading us not onto temptation:Momentary allurements elicit overriding goal activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,84,296-309.
Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust:The Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.
Gattig, A.,& Hendrickx, L. (2007). Judgmental discounting and environmental risk perception:Dimensional similarities, domain differences, and implications for sustainability. Journal of Social Issues,63,21-39.
Gardner, W. L., Gabriel, S.,& Lee, A. Y. (1999). "I" value freedom, but "we" value relationships:Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment. Psychological Science,321-326.
Gatemleben, B., Steg, L.,& Vlek, C. (2002). Measurement and determinants of environmentally significant consumer behavior. Environment and Behavior,34(3), 335-362.
Gonzalez-Vallejo, C. C., Erev, I.,& Wallsten, T. S. (1994). Do decision quality and preference order depend on whether probabilities are verbal or numerical? The American Journal of Psychology,107(2),157-172.
Godin, G.,& Kok, G., (1996). The theory of planned behaviour:a review of its applications to health-related behaviours. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11,87-98.
Green, L.,& Myerson, J. (2004). A discounting framework for choice with delayed and probabilistic rewards. Psychological Bulletin,130,769-792.
Grant, A. M. (2007). Relational job design and the motivation to make a prosocial difference. Academy of Management Review,32(2),393-17.
Grant, A. M. (2008). Does intrinsic motivation fuel the pro-social fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology,93,48-58.
Gifford, R., Scannell, L., Kormos, C., Smolova, L., Biel, A., Boncu, S., et al. (2009). Temporal pessimism and spatial optimism in environmental assessments:An 18-nation study. Journal of Environmental Psychology,29,1-12.
Green, L., Myerson, J.,& Ostaszewski, P. (1999). Amount of reward has opposite effects on the discounting of delayed and probabilistic outcomes. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition,25,418-427.
Hardisty, D. J.& Weber, E. U. (2009). Discounting future green:Money vs. the environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,138(3),329-340.
Hendrickx, L.,& Nicolaij, S. (2004). Temporal discounting and environmental risks: The role of ethical and loss-related concerns. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24,409-422.
Hofstede G.(1980). Cultures consequences:international differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills,CA:Sage.
Hofsted, G. (1984). Culture's consequences:International differences in work-related values. (2nd ed.) Beverly Hills CA:SAGE Publications.
Hong, Y. Y., Morris, M. W., Chiu, C. Y,& Benet-Martinez, V. (2000). Multicultural minds:A dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American Psychologist,55(7),709-720.
Hill, O. W., Block, R. A.,& Buggie, S. E. (2000). Culture and beliefs about time: Comparisons among Black Americans, Black Africans, and White Americans. Journal of Psychology,134,443-461.
Hines J. M., Hungerford H. R.,& Tomera A. N. (1986). Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior:A meta-analysis. The Journal of Environmental Education,18(2),1-8.
Hsee, C. K.& Weber, E. U. (1997). A fundamental prediction error:Self-other discrepancies in risk preference. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 126(1),46-53.
Jones, B. A.& Rachlin, H. (2006). Social discounting. Psychological Science,17, 283-286.
Jones, B. A.& Rachlin, H. (2009). Delay, probability, and social discounting in the public goods game. The Experimental Analysis of Behavior,91,61-73.
Joireman, J., Balliet, D., Sprott, D., Spangenberg, E.,& Schultz, J. (2008). Consider-ation of future consequences, ego-depletion, and self-control:Support for distin-guishing between CFC-Immediate and CFC-Future subs-scales. Personality and Individual Differences,45,15-21.
Joireman, J. A., Lasane, T. P., Bennett, J., Richards, D.,& Solaimani, S. (2001). Integrating social value orientation and the consideration of future consequences within the extended norm activation model of proenvironmental behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology,40,133-155.
Joireman, J., Shaffer, M., Balliet, D.,& Strathman, A. (2012). Promotion orientation explains why future oriented people exercise and eat healthy:Evidence from the two-factor consideration of future consequences 14 scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,38,1272-1287.
Joireman, J. A., Van Lange, P. A. M,& Van Vugt, M. (2004). Who cares about the environmental impact of cars? Those with an eye toward the future. Environment and Behaviour,36,187-206.
Kaiser, F. G. (1998). A general measure of ecological behaviors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,28,395-422.
Kaiser, F. G., Wolfing, S., and Fuhrer, U. (1999). Environmental attitude and ecological behaviors. Journal of Environmental Psychology,19,1-19.
Keren, G.,& P. Roelofsma. (1995). Immediacy and certainty in intertemporal choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,63,287-97.
Krantz, D. H.,& Kunreuther, H. C. (2007). Goals and plans in decision making. Judgment and Decision Making,2,137-168.
Kray, L.,& Gonzalez, R. (1999). Differential weighting in choice versus advice:I'll do this, you do that. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,12,207-217.
Konig, C. J. (2009). A generalizability study of time discounting:Some people react more strongly to domain differences than others. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 68(1),43-50.
Kortenkamp, K. V.,& Moore, C. F. (2006). Time, uncertainty, and individual differences in decisions to cooperate in resource dilemmas. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,32,603-615.
Langford, I. H., Day, R. J., Georgiou, S.,& Bateman, I. J. (2000). A Cognitive Social Psychological Model for Predicting Individual Risk Perceptions and Preferences. Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE),Working Paper.
Leiserowitz, A. (2006). Climate change risk perception and policy preferences:The role of affect, imagery, and values. Climatic Change,77,45-72.
Lerner, J. S.,& Keltner, D. (2001). Fear, anger, and risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,81,146-159.
Liberman, N.,& Trope, Y. (1998). The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions:A test of temporal construal theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,75,5-18.
Liberman, N., Sagristano, M.,& Trope, Y. (2002). The effect of temporal distance on level of construal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,38,523-535.
Liberman, N.,& Forster, J. (2009). Distancing from experienced self:How global versus local perception affects estimation of psychological distance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,97,203-216.
Liberman N,& Trope Y. (2003). Temporal construal theory of intertemporal judgment and decision. In G. Loewenstein, D. Read,& R. Baumeister. (Eds.). Time and decision:Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice (pp. 245-276). New York:Russell Sage Foundation.
Liviatan, I., Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2008). Interpersonal similarity as a social distance dimension:Implications for perception of others'action. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,44,1256-1269.
Loewenstein, G. (1988). Frames of mind in inter-temporal choice. Management Science,34(2),200-214.
Loewenstein, G.,& Prelec, D. (1992). Anomalies in intertemporal choice:Evidence and an interpretation. Quarterly Journal of Economics,57,573-598.
Matthews, B. M. (2000). The Chinese Value Survey:An interpretation of value scales and consideration of some preliminary results. International Education Journal, 1(2),117-126.
Maner, J. K.& Gaillot, M. T. (2007). Altruism and egoism:Prosocial motivations for helping depend on relationship context. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37(2),347-358.
Meglino, B. M.,& Korsgaard, M. A. (2004). Considering rational self-interest as a disposition:Organizational implications of other orientation. Journal of Applied-Psychology,89,946-959.
Milfont, T. L.,& Gouveia, V. V. (2006). Time perspective and values:An exploratory study of their relations to environmental attitudes. Journal of Environmental Psy-chology,26,72-82.
Mitte, K. (2007). Anxiety and risky decision-making:The role of subjective probability and subjective costs of negative events. Personality and Individual Differences,43,243-253.
Moon, H., Kamdar, D., Mayer, D. M.,& Takeuchi, R. (2008). Me or we? The role of personality and justice as other-centered antecedents to innovative citizenship behaviors within organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology,93(1),84-94.
Munoz, F., Bogner, F. X., Clement, P.,& Carvalho, G. S. (2009). Teachers' conceptions of nature and environment in 16 countries. Journal of Environmental Psychology,29,407-413
Nicolaij, S.,& Hendrickx, L. (2003). The influence of temporal distance of negative consequences on the evaluation of environmental risks. In L.Hendrickx, W. Jager,& L. Steg (Eds.), Human decision making and environmental perception: Understanding and assisting human decision making in real-life situations (pp. 47-67). Groningen, The Netherlands:University of Groningen.
Nussbaum, S., Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2003). Creeping dispositionism:The temporal dynamics of behavior prediction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,84,485-497.
Nuttin, J. R. (1985). Future Time Perspective and Motivation:Theory and Research Method. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
O'Connor, R. E., Bard R. J.,& Fishel A. (1999). Risk perceptions, general environmental beliefs, and willingness to address climate change. Risk Analysis, 19(3),455-465Odum, A. L., Baumann, A. A. L.,& Rimington, D. D. (2006). Discounting of delayed hypothetical money and food:Effects of amount. Behavioural Processes,73,278-284.
Ostaszewski, P., Green, L.,& Myerson, J. (1998). Effect of inflation on the subjective value of delayed and probabilistic rewards. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,5, 324-333.
Oyserman, D.,& Lee, S.W.S. (2008). Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism. Psychological Bulletin,134(2), 311-342.
Prelec, D.,& Loewenstein. G. (1991). Decision making over time and under uncertainty:A common approach. Management Science,37,770-786.
Pronin E., Olivola C. Y.,& Kennedy K. A. (2008). Doing unto future selves as you would do unto others:Psychological distance and decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,34,224-236.
Rachlin, H.,& Jones, B. A. (2008). Social discounting and delay discounting. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,2,29-43.
Rachlin, H., Raineri, A.,& Cross, D. (1991). Subjective probability and delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,55,233-244.
Rioux, S. M.,& Penner, L. A. (2001). The causes of organizational citizenship behavior:A motivational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology,86,1306-1314.
Rogers, T.,& Bazerman, M.H. (2008). Future lock-in:Future implementation increases selection of "should" choices. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,106,1-20.
Rohrmann, B.& Chen, H. (1999). Risk perception in Australia and China:A cross cultural psychometric study. Journal of Risk Research,2,219-241.
Rokeach M.(1973). The nature of human values. New York:Free Press.
Sagristano, M. D., Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2002).Time-dependent gambling:Odds now, money later. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,131,364-316.
Sherman, S. J., Zehner, K. S., Johnson, J.,& Hirt, E. R. (1983).Social explanation: The role of timing, set, and recall on subjective likelihood estimates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,44,1127-1143.
Shelley, M. K. (1994). Gain/loss asymmetry in risky intertemporal choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,59,124-159.
Schwartz, S. H.,& Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a universal psychological structure of human values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,53,550-562.
Schwartz S.H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues,50(4),19-45.
Schwarz, N. (2000). Emotion, cognition, and decision-making. Cognition and Emotion, 14,433-440.
Slovic, P. (2000). The perception of risk. London:Earthscan Publications, Ltd.
Siegrist, M. (2000). The influence of trust and perceptions of risks and benefits on the acceptance of gene technology. Risk Analysis,20(2),195-203.
Simon, H. (1976). Administrative Behavior (3rd ed.). New York:The Free Press.
Simon, M., Houghton, S. M.,& Aquino, K. (2000). Cognitive biases, risk, perception and venture formation:How individuals decide to start companies. Journal of Business Venturing,15(2),113-134.
Smith, P. K.,& Trope, Y. (2006). You focus on the forest when you're in charge of the trees:Power priming and abstract information processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,90,578-596.
Sparks, P.,& Raats, M. (1998). Health promotion:beyond risk perception and risk communication. Risk, Decision and Policy,3.3,261-270.
Steel, P.,& J. Konig, C. (2006). Integrating theory of motivation. Academy of Management Review,31(4),889-913.
Stern, P.C. (2005). Understanding individuals'environmentally significant behavior. Environmental Law Reporter:News and Analysis,35(11),10785-10790.
Stern, P.C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G.A.,& Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements:The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review,6,81-97.
Stone, E. R., Yates, A. J.,& Caruthers, A. S. (2002). Risk taking in decision making for others versus the self. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,32,1797-1824.
Strathman, A., Gleicher, F., Boninger, D. S.,& Edwards, C. S. (1994). The consideration of future consequences:Weighing immediate and distant outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,66(4),742-752.
Sun,Y.,& Li, S. (2010). The effect of risk on intertemporal choice. Journal of Risk Research,13,805-820.
Sun, Y.,& Li, S. (2011). Testing the effect of risk on intertemporal choice in the Chinese cultural context. Journal of Social Psychology,151(4),517-22.
Svenson, O.,& Karlsson, G. (1989). Decision-making, time horizons, and risk in the very long-term perspective. Risk Analysis,9,385-399.
Toma, L. Mathijs, E. (2007). Environmental risk perception, environmental concern and propensity to participate in organic farming programmes. Journal of Environmental Management,83(2),145-157.
Todorov, A., Goren, A.,& Trope, Y. (2007). Probability as a psychological distance: Construal and preferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,43, 473-482.
Trailmow, D., Triandis, H.,& Goto, S. (1991). Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,649-655.
Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2000). Time-dependent changes in preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,79,876-889.
Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2000). Temporal construal and time-dependent changes in preference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,79,876-889.
Trope,Y.& Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review,110, 403-421.
Trope, Y, Liberman, N.,& Wakslak, C. (2007). Construal levels and psychological distance:Effects on representation,prediction, evaluation, and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology,17,83-95.
Trope,Y.& Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review,117,440-463.
Toma, L.& Mathijs, E. (2007). Environmental risk perception, environmental concern and propensity to participate in organic farming programmes. Journal of Environmental Management,83(2),145-157.
Van Lange, P. A. M.,& Van Vugt, M. (1998). A social dilemma analysis of commuting preferences:the roles of social value orientation and trust. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,28(9),796-820.
Van Lange & Visser, K. (1999). Locomotion in social dilemmas:how people adapt to cooperative, tit-for-tat, and noncooperative partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,77(4),762-773.
Viklund, M. J. (2003). Trust and risk perception in Western Europe:A cross-national study. Risk Analysis,23(4),727-738.
Viscusi, W. K., Huber, J.,& Bell, J. (2008). Estimating discount rates for environmental quality from utility-based choice experiments. Journal of Risk & Uncertainty,37,199-220.
Wakslak, C. J.,& Trope, Y. (2009). The effect of construal-level on subjective probability estimates.Psychological Science,20,52-58.
Wakslak, C. J., Trope, Y., Liberman, N.,& Alony, R. (2006).Seeing the forest when entry is unlikely:Probability and the mental representation of events. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,135,641-653.
Wallsten, T. S., Budescu, D. V.,& Zwick, R. (1993). Comparing the Calibration and Coherence of Numerical and Verbal Probability Judgments. Management Science, 39(2),176-190.
Weber, B. J.,& Chapman, G. B. (2005). The combined effects of risk and time on choice:Does uncertainty eliminate the immediacy effect? Does delay eliminate the certainty effect? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,96, 104-118.
Weber, E. U.& Hsee, C. (1998). Cross-cultural differences in risk perception but cross-cultural similarities in attitudes towards perceived risk. Management Science, 44,1205-1218.
Weber, E. U.& Hsee, C. K. (1999). Models and mosaics:Investigation of cultural differences in risk perception and risk preference. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 6,611-617.
Weber, E. U. (2001). Personality and risk taking. In Smelser, N. J.,& Bates, P. B.(Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences (pp. 11274-11276). New York:Elsevier.
Whitley, R. D. (1991). The social construction of business systems in east Asia. Organization Studies,12 (1),1-28.
Wong, R. Y,& Hong, Y. Y. (2005). Dynamic influences of culture on cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma. Psychological Science,429-434.
Wright, G N.,& Philllps, L. D. (1980). Cultural variation in probabilistic thinking: Alternative ways of dealing with uncertainty. International Journal of Psychology, 15,239-257.
Yau, O. H. M. (1994). Chinese Culture Values:Their Dimensions and Marketing Implications. European Journal of Marketing,22 (5),312-345.
Zimmer, A. C. (1983). Verbal vs. numerical processing of subjective probabilities. In R. W. Scholz (Ed). Decision making under uncertainty (pp.159-182). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
蔡韦龄.(2007).CFS效应下中英双语者语言与自尊的相关关系研究.福建师范大学硕士学位论文.
陈海贤,何贵兵.(2011).识解水平对跨期选择和风险选择的影响.心理学报,4,442-452.
陈思静,马剑虹.(2010).合作动机与信任：基于不确定性简化机制的研究.应用心理学,3.
陈思静.(2007).自己人,与“外人”：社会两难框架下信任与不确定性的关系.第十一届全国心理学学术会议,开封.
成龙,张玮,何贵兵.(2012).生态环境决策的多特征属性研究.农业与技术,9,181-182.
段红霞.(2009).跨文化社会价值观和环境风险认知的研究.社会科学,6,78-85.
段锦云.(2008).基于认知惰性的创业风险决策框架效应双维认知机制研究.博士学位论文.浙江大学.
费孝通.(1985).乡土中国.北京：三联书店
何贵兵,陈海贤,林静.(2009).跨期选择中的反常现象及其心理机制.应用心理学,15(4),298-305.
何贵兵,张玮,成龙.(2010).中国文化价值观和未来时间取向对幸福感的影响.应用心理学,16(3),250-256.
韩耀全,杨琼,周解,何安尤.(2011).岩滩水电站建设对水生生物的影响.水资源保护,27(2),9-12.
霍燕.(2001).文化启动与自我参照效应的研究.北京大学硕士学位论文.
金盛华,郑建君,辛志勇.(2009).当代中国人价值观的结构与特点.心理学报,41(10),1000-1014.
李伟民,梁玉成.(2002).特殊信任与普遍信任：中国人信任的结构与特征.社会学研究,3,11-22.
李洁,谢晓非.(2007).风险倾向的跨文化差异研究综述.社会心理科学,2,28-33.
刘霞,黄希庭,普彬,毕翠华.(2010).未来取向研究概述.心理科学进展,18(3),385-393.
刘永芳,毕玉芳,王怀勇.(2010).情绪和任务框架对自我和预期他人决策时风险 偏好的影响.心理学报,42,317-324.
刘永芳,陈雪娜,卢光莉,王怀勇.(2010).决策者角色及相关因素对风险偏好的影响.心理科学,33,548-551
佘升翔,陆强.(2010).环境风险知觉和评价的整体框架.生态环境学报,19(7),1760-1764.
彭运石,王珊珊.(2009).环境心理学方法论研究.心理学探新,3,11-15.
彭泗清,杨中芳.(1995).中国人人际信任的初步探讨.第一届华人心理学家学术研讨会论文,台北.
彭泗清.(1997).对人与对事：人际交往中的关系区分度与事件区分度.第四届华人心理与行为科学学术研讨会论文,台北.
彭泗清.(1999).信任的建立机制：关系运作与法制手段.社会学研究,2,53-66.
王健.2009.利他行为的模型构造与数量分析.厦门大学博士学位论文.
王姗姗.(2008).国外环境心理学研究新进展.社会心理科学,23(5),434-437.
韦伯.(1995/1920).儒教与道教.王容芬译.北京：商务印书馆.
肖水源,杨德森.(2002).中国传统价值观及其测量：理论构想.中国行为医学科学杂志,11(3),347-349.
徐惊蛰,谢晓非.(2011).解释水平视角下的自己-他人决策差异.心理学报,43,317-324.
谢晓非.(1998).一般社会情境中风险认知识的实验研究.心理科学,4,315-318.
谢晓非,徐联仓.(1996).风险认知策略的操作化指标.人类工效学,2,49-52.
杨国枢,余安邦,叶明华.(1989).中国人的传统性与现代性:概念与测量.见杨国枢(编),中国人的心理与行为.台北：桂冠图书公司.
杨中芳,彭泗清.(1999).中国人人际信任的概念化：一个人际关系的观点.社会
学研究,2,1-21.
叶明华,杨国枢.(1998).中国人的家族主义：概念分析与实征衡鉴.中关研究院民族学研究所集刊,83,169-225.
弋鹏.(2004).不同文化启动与自我参照效应的实验研究.山东师范大学硕士学位论文.
杨文博.(2011).文化启动的研究综述.文学界(理论版),277-278.
乐国安.(2001).美国环境社会心理学研究的新进展.天津师范大学学报(社会科学版),5,42-47.
杨玲,樊召锋.(2006).当代环境心理学研究的新进展.甘肃社会科学,2,193-196.
杨治良,李朝旭.(2004).局中人和局外人的决策差异研究.心理科学,2004,27(6)：1282-1287.
杨宜音.(1999).“自己人”：信任建构过程的个案研究.社会学研究,2,38-52.
叶航.2005.利他行为的经济学解释.经济学家.3,22-29.
于清源,谢晓非.(2006).环境中的风险认知特征.心理科学,2,362-365.
赵安启,胡柱志.(2008).中国古代环境文化概论.北京：中国环境科学出版社.
张静.(2009).当代大学生儒道传统价值观与心理健康的关系研究.博士学位论文.吉林大学.
张娟.2004.关系与利他--大学生利他行为倾向的解释性研究.华中科技大学硕士学位论文.
张梦霞.(2010).中国消费者购买行为的文化价值观动因研究.北京：科学出版社.
张梦霞.(2005).绿色购买行为的道家价值观因素分析——概念界定、度量、建模和营销策略建议.经济管理,4,34-41.
张玮,何贵兵.(2011).中国传统价值观和未来时间取向对环境保护行为的影响.第十四届全国心理学学术会议,西安.
Adams, J.,& Nettle. D. (2009). Time perspective, personality and smoking, body mass, and physical activity:An empirical study. British Journal of Health Psychology,14,83-105.
Adolescent,29,121-45. Bayerische Ruck. (1993). Risk is a construct. Perceptions of risk perception. Munchen:Knesebeck.
Ahlbrecht, M.,& Weber, M. (1997). An empirical study on intertemporal decision making under risk. Management Science,43,813-826.
Ando, K., Ohnuma, S..& Chang, E. C. (2007). Comparing normative influences as determinants of environmentally conscious behaviours between the USA and Japan. Asian Journal of Social Psychology,10,171-178.
Anderson, L. R.,& Stafford, S. L. (2009). Individual decision-making experiments with risk and intertemporal choice. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty,38,51-72.
Arnocky, S., Milfont, T. L.,& Nicol., J. R. (2013). Time perspective and sustainable behavior:Evidence for the distinction between consideration of immediate and future consequences. Environment and Behavior,2,1-28.
Asakawa, K.,& Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998). Feelings of connectedness and internalization of values in Asian American adolescents. Journal of youth Adolescent,29,121-45.
Bar-Anan, Y., Liberman, N.,& Trope, Y. (2006). The association between psychological distance and construal level:Evidence from an implicit association test. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,135,609-622.
Batson, C.D. (1991). The altruism question:toward a social psychological answer. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ.
Batson, C. D., Sager, K., Garst, E., Kang, M., Rubchinsky, K.,& Dawson, K. (1997). Is empathy-induced helping due to self-other merging? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,73,495-509.
Baumeister, R. F.,& Hearherton, T. F. (1996). Self-regulation failure:an overview. Psychological Inquiry,7,1-15.
Block, R. A., Buggie, S. E.,& Matsui, F. (1996). Beliefs about time:Cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of Psychology,130,5-22.
Bohm, G.,& Pfister, H. R. (2000). Action tendencies and characteristics of environmental risks. Acta Psychologica,104,317-337.
Bohm, G.,& Pfister, H. R. (2005). Consequences, morality, and time in environmental risk evaluation. Journal of Risk Research,8,461-479.
Bolino, M. C.,& Turnley, W. H. (2005). The personal costs of citizenship behavior: The relationship between individual initiative and role overload, job stress, and work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology,90,740-748.
Bowles,T. (2008). The relationship of time orientation with perceived academic performance and preparation for assessment in adolescents. Educational Psychology,28,551-565.
Bontempo, R. N., Bottom, W. P.,& Weber, E. U. (1997). Cross-cultural differences in risk perception:A model-based approach. Risk Analysis,17,479-488.
Capriotti, K.,& Waldrup, B. E. (2005). Miscommunication of uncertainties in financial statements:A study of preparers and users. Journal of Business& Economics Research,3(1),33-46.
Carson,R. T.,& Tran, B. R. (2009). Discounting Behavior and Environmental Decisions. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics,2(2),112-130.
Chan, R. Y. K. (2001). Determinants of Chinese consumers'green purchase behavior. Psychology & Marketing,18,389-413.
Chapman, G. B. (1996). Temporal discounting and utility for health and money. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory and Cognition,22(3), 771-791.
Chapman, G. B. (2001). Time preferences for the very long term. Acta Psychologia, 108(2),95-116.
Chapman, G. B. (2003). Time discounting of health outcomes. In GLoewenstein, D. Read,& R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Time and decision:Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice (pp.395-417). New York:Russell Sage.
Chapman, G. B.,& Elstein, A. S. (1995). Valuing the future:Discounting health and money. Medical Decision Making,15,373-386.
Chinese Culture Connection. (1987). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,18,143-164.
Corral-Verdugo,V., Fraijo-Sing,B.,& Pinheiro, J.Q. (2006). Sustainable behavior and time perspective:Present,past,and future orientations and their relationship with water conservation behavior. Interamerican Journal of Psychology,40,139-147.
Daugherty, J. R.,& Brase, G. L. (2009). Taking time to be healthy:Predicting health behaviors with delay discounting and time perspective. Personality and Individual Differences,48,202-207.
De Mooij M. (1998). Global marketing and advertising:understanding cultural paradoxes. London:Sage Publications.
Dhar, R.,& Kim, E. Y. (2007). Seeing the forest or the trees:Implications of construal level theory for consumer choice. Journal of Consumer Psychology,17,96-100.
Du, W., Green, L.,& Myerson, J. (2002). Cross-cultural comparisons of discounting delayed and probabilistic rewards. Psychological Record,52,479-492.
Duan, H. X.,& Fortner, R. W. (2005). Chinese college students'perceptions and information sources about global vs. local environmental issues. Journal of Environmental Education,36(4),23-32.
Dunlap, R., Van Liere, K., Mertig, A.,& Jones, R. E. (2000). Measuring endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm:A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues,56, 425-442.
Dutt, V.,& Gonzalez, C. (2012). Why do we want to delay actions on climate change? Effects of probability and timing of climate consequences. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,25(2),154-164.
Doupnik, T. S.,& Riccio, E. L. (2006). The influence of conservatism and secrecy on the interpretation of verbal probability expressions in the Anglo and Latin cultural areas. The International Journal of Accounting,41,231-261.
Eyal, T., Liberman N.,Trope, Y. (2008). Judging near and distant virtue and vice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,44,1204-1209.
Eyal, T., Sagristano, M. D., Trope, Y, Liberman, N.,& Chaikene, S. (2009). When values matter:Expressing values in behavioral intentions for the near vs. distant future. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,45(1),35-43.
Flynn, J., Burns, W, Mertz,& Slovic, P. (1992). Trust as a determinant of opposition to a high-level radioactive waste repository:Analysis of a structural model. Risk Analysis,12(3),417-429.
Freitas, A. L., Gollwitzer, P. M,& Trope, Y. (2004). The influence of abstract and concrete mindsets on anticipating and guiding others'self-regulatory efforts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,40,739-752.
Freitas, A. L., Salovey, P.,& Liberman, N. (2001). Abstract and concrete selfevaluative goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,80,410-424.
Fishbach, A.,& Friedman, R. S. (2003). Leading us not onto temptation:Momentary allurements elicit overriding goal activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,84,296-309.
Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust:The Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.
Gattig, A.,& Hendrickx, L. (2007). Judgmental discounting and environmental risk perception:Dimensional similarities, domain differences, and implications for sustainability. Journal of Social Issues,63,21-39.
Gardner, W. L., Gabriel, S.,& Lee, A. Y. (1999). "I" value freedom, but "we" value relationships:Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment. Psychological Science,321-326.
Gatemleben, B., Steg, L.,& Vlek, C. (2002). Measurement and determinants of environmentally significant consumer behavior. Environment and Behavior,34(3), 335-362.
Gonzalez-Vallejo, C. C., Erev, I.,& Wallsten, T. S. (1994). Do decision quality and preference order depend on whether probabilities are verbal or numerical? The American Journal of Psychology,107(2),157-172.
Godin, G.,& Kok, G., (1996). The theory of planned behaviour:a review of its applications to health-related behaviours. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11,87-98.
Green, L.,& Myerson, J. (2004). A discounting framework for choice with delayed and probabilistic rewards. Psychological Bulletin,130,769-792.
Grant, A. M. (2007). Relational job design and the motivation to make a prosocial difference. Academy of Management Review,32(2),393-17.
Grant, A. M. (2008). Does intrinsic motivation fuel the pro-social fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology,93,48-58.
Gifford, R., Scannell, L., Kormos, C., Smolova, L., Biel, A., Boncu, S., et al. (2009). Temporal pessimism and spatial optimism in environmental assessments:An 18-nation study. Journal of Environmental Psychology,29,1-12.
Green, L., Myerson, J.,& Ostaszewski, P. (1999). Amount of reward has opposite effects on the discounting of delayed and probabilistic outcomes. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition,25,418-427.
Hardisty, D. J.& Weber, E. U. (2009). Discounting future green:Money vs. the environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,138(3),329-340.
Hendrickx, L.,& Nicolaij, S. (2004). Temporal discounting and environmental risks: The role of ethical and loss-related concerns. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24,409-422.
Hofstede G.(1980). Cultures consequences:international differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills,CA:Sage.
Hofsted, G. (1984). Culture's consequences:International differences in work-related values. (2nd ed.) Beverly Hills CA:SAGE Publications.
Hong, Y. Y., Morris, M. W., Chiu, C. Y,& Benet-Martinez, V. (2000). Multicultural minds:A dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American Psychologist,55(7),709-720.
Hill, O. W., Block, R. A.,& Buggie, S. E. (2000). Culture and beliefs about time: Comparisons among Black Americans, Black Africans, and White Americans. Journal of Psychology,134,443-461.
Hines J. M., Hungerford H. R.,& Tomera A. N. (1986). Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior:A meta-analysis. The Journal of Environmental Education,18(2),1-8.
Hsee, C. K.& Weber, E. U. (1997). A fundamental prediction error:Self-other discrepancies in risk preference. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 126(1),46-53.
Jones, B. A.& Rachlin, H. (2006). Social discounting. Psychological Science,17, 283-286.
Jones, B. A.& Rachlin, H. (2009). Delay, probability, and social discounting in the public goods game. The Experimental Analysis of Behavior,91,61-73.
Joireman, J., Balliet, D., Sprott, D., Spangenberg, E.,& Schultz, J. (2008). Consider-ation of future consequences, ego-depletion, and self-control:Support for distin-guishing between CFC-Immediate and CFC-Future subs-scales. Personality and Individual Differences,45,15-21.
Joireman, J. A., Lasane, T. P., Bennett, J., Richards, D.,& Solaimani, S. (2001). Integrating social value orientation and the consideration of future consequences within the extended norm activation model of proenvironmental behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology,40,133-155.
Joireman, J., Shaffer, M., Balliet, D.,& Strathman, A. (2012). Promotion orientation explains why future oriented people exercise and eat healthy:Evidence from the two-factor consideration of future consequences 14 scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,38,1272-1287.
Joireman, J. A., Van Lange, P. A. M,& Van Vugt, M. (2004). Who cares about the environmental impact of cars? Those with an eye toward the future. Environment and Behaviour,36,187-206.
Kaiser, F. G. (1998). A general measure of ecological behaviors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,28,395-422.
Kaiser, F. G., Wolfing, S., and Fuhrer, U. (1999). Environmental attitude and ecological behaviors. Journal of Environmental Psychology,19,1-19.
Keren, G.,& P. Roelofsma. (1995). Immediacy and certainty in intertemporal choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,63,287-97.
Krantz, D. H.,& Kunreuther, H. C. (2007). Goals and plans in decision making. Judgment and Decision Making,2,137-168.
Kray, L.,& Gonzalez, R. (1999). Differential weighting in choice versus advice:I'll do this, you do that. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,12,207-217.
Konig, C. J. (2009). A generalizability study of time discounting:Some people react more strongly to domain differences than others. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 68(1),43-50.
Kortenkamp, K. V.,& Moore, C. F. (2006). Time, uncertainty, and individual differences in decisions to cooperate in resource dilemmas. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,32,603-615.
Langford, I. H., Day, R. J., Georgiou, S.,& Bateman, I. J. (2000). A Cognitive Social Psychological Model for Predicting Individual Risk Perceptions and Preferences. Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE),Working Paper.
Leiserowitz, A. (2006). Climate change risk perception and policy preferences:The role of affect, imagery, and values. Climatic Change,77,45-72.
Lerner, J. S.,& Keltner, D. (2001). Fear, anger, and risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,81,146-159.
Liberman, N.,& Trope, Y. (1998). The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions:A test of temporal construal theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,75,5-18.
Liberman, N., Sagristano, M.,& Trope, Y. (2002). The effect of temporal distance on level of construal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,38,523-535.
Liberman, N.,& Forster, J. (2009). Distancing from experienced self:How global versus local perception affects estimation of psychological distance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,97,203-216.
Liberman N,& Trope Y. (2003). Temporal construal theory of intertemporal judgment and decision. In G. Loewenstein, D. Read,& R. Baumeister. (Eds.). Time and decision:Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice (pp. 245-276). New York:Russell Sage Foundation.
Liviatan, I., Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2008). Interpersonal similarity as a social distance dimension:Implications for perception of others'action. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,44,1256-1269.
Loewenstein, G. (1988). Frames of mind in inter-temporal choice. Management Science,34(2),200-214.
Loewenstein, G.,& Prelec, D. (1992). Anomalies in intertemporal choice:Evidence and an interpretation. Quarterly Journal of Economics,57,573-598.
Matthews, B. M. (2000). The Chinese Value Survey:An interpretation of value scales and consideration of some preliminary results. International Education Journal, 1(2),117-126.
Maner, J. K.& Gaillot, M. T. (2007). Altruism and egoism:Prosocial motivations for helping depend on relationship context. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37(2),347-358.
Meglino, B. M.,& Korsgaard, M. A. (2004). Considering rational self-interest as a disposition:Organizational implications of other orientation. Journal of Applied-Psychology,89,946-959.
Milfont, T. L.,& Gouveia, V. V. (2006). Time perspective and values:An exploratory study of their relations to environmental attitudes. Journal of Environmental Psy-chology,26,72-82.
Mitte, K. (2007). Anxiety and risky decision-making:The role of subjective probability and subjective costs of negative events. Personality and Individual Differences,43,243-253.
Moon, H., Kamdar, D., Mayer, D. M.,& Takeuchi, R. (2008). Me or we? The role of personality and justice as other-centered antecedents to innovative citizenship behaviors within organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology,93(1),84-94.
Munoz, F., Bogner, F. X., Clement, P.,& Carvalho, G. S. (2009). Teachers' conceptions of nature and environment in 16 countries. Journal of Environmental Psychology,29,407-413
Nicolaij, S.,& Hendrickx, L. (2003). The influence of temporal distance of negative consequences on the evaluation of environmental risks. In L.Hendrickx, W. Jager,& L. Steg (Eds.), Human decision making and environmental perception: Understanding and assisting human decision making in real-life situations (pp. 47-67). Groningen, The Netherlands:University of Groningen.
Nussbaum, S., Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2003). Creeping dispositionism:The temporal dynamics of behavior prediction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,84,485-497.
Nuttin, J. R. (1985). Future Time Perspective and Motivation:Theory and Research Method. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
O'Connor, R. E., Bard R. J.,& Fishel A. (1999). Risk perceptions, general environmental beliefs, and willingness to address climate change. Risk Analysis, 19(3),455-465Odum, A. L., Baumann, A. A. L.,& Rimington, D. D. (2006). Discounting of delayed hypothetical money and food:Effects of amount. Behavioural Processes,73,278-284.
Ostaszewski, P., Green, L.,& Myerson, J. (1998). Effect of inflation on the subjective value of delayed and probabilistic rewards. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,5, 324-333.
Oyserman, D.,& Lee, S.W.S. (2008). Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism. Psychological Bulletin,134(2), 311-342.
Prelec, D.,& Loewenstein. G. (1991). Decision making over time and under uncertainty:A common approach. Management Science,37,770-786.
Pronin E., Olivola C. Y.,& Kennedy K. A. (2008). Doing unto future selves as you would do unto others:Psychological distance and decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,34,224-236.
Rachlin, H.,& Jones, B. A. (2008). Social discounting and delay discounting. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,2,29-43.
Rachlin, H., Raineri, A.,& Cross, D. (1991). Subjective probability and delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,55,233-244.
Rioux, S. M.,& Penner, L. A. (2001). The causes of organizational citizenship behavior:A motivational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology,86,1306-1314.
Rogers, T.,& Bazerman, M.H. (2008). Future lock-in:Future implementation increases selection of "should" choices. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,106,1-20.
Rohrmann, B.& Chen, H. (1999). Risk perception in Australia and China:A cross cultural psychometric study. Journal of Risk Research,2,219-241.
Rokeach M.(1973). The nature of human values. New York:Free Press.
Sagristano, M. D., Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2002).Time-dependent gambling:Odds now, money later. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,131,364-316.
Sherman, S. J., Zehner, K. S., Johnson, J.,& Hirt, E. R. (1983).Social explanation: The role of timing, set, and recall on subjective likelihood estimates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,44,1127-1143.
Shelley, M. K. (1994). Gain/loss asymmetry in risky intertemporal choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,59,124-159.
Schwartz, S. H.,& Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a universal psychological structure of human values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,53,550-562.
Schwartz S.H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues,50(4),19-45.
Schwarz, N. (2000). Emotion, cognition, and decision-making. Cognition and Emotion, 14,433-440.
Slovic, P. (2000). The perception of risk. London:Earthscan Publications, Ltd.
Siegrist, M. (2000). The influence of trust and perceptions of risks and benefits on the acceptance of gene technology. Risk Analysis,20(2),195-203.
Simon, H. (1976). Administrative Behavior (3rd ed.). New York:The Free Press.
Simon, M., Houghton, S. M.,& Aquino, K. (2000). Cognitive biases, risk, perception and venture formation:How individuals decide to start companies. Journal of Business Venturing,15(2),113-134.
Smith, P. K.,& Trope, Y. (2006). You focus on the forest when you're in charge of the trees:Power priming and abstract information processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,90,578-596.
Sparks, P.,& Raats, M. (1998). Health promotion:beyond risk perception and risk communication. Risk, Decision and Policy,3.3,261-270.
Steel, P.,& J. Konig, C. (2006). Integrating theory of motivation. Academy of Management Review,31(4),889-913.
Stern, P.C. (2005). Understanding individuals'environmentally significant behavior. Environmental Law Reporter:News and Analysis,35(11),10785-10790.
Stern, P.C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G.A.,& Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements:The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review,6,81-97.
Stone, E. R., Yates, A. J.,& Caruthers, A. S. (2002). Risk taking in decision making for others versus the self. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,32,1797-1824.
Strathman, A., Gleicher, F., Boninger, D. S.,& Edwards, C. S. (1994). The consideration of future consequences:Weighing immediate and distant outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,66(4),742-752.
Sun,Y.,& Li, S. (2010). The effect of risk on intertemporal choice. Journal of Risk Research,13,805-820.
Sun, Y.,& Li, S. (2011). Testing the effect of risk on intertemporal choice in the Chinese cultural context. Journal of Social Psychology,151(4),517-22.
Svenson, O.,& Karlsson, G. (1989). Decision-making, time horizons, and risk in the very long-term perspective. Risk Analysis,9,385-399.
Toma, L. Mathijs, E. (2007). Environmental risk perception, environmental concern and propensity to participate in organic farming programmes. Journal of Environmental Management,83(2),145-157.
Todorov, A., Goren, A.,& Trope, Y. (2007). Probability as a psychological distance: Construal and preferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,43, 473-482.
Trailmow, D., Triandis, H.,& Goto, S. (1991). Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,649-655.
Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2000). Time-dependent changes in preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,79,876-889.
Trope, Y.,& Liberman, N. (2000). Temporal construal and time-dependent changes in preference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,79,876-889.
Trope,Y.& Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review,110, 403-421.
Trope, Y, Liberman, N.,& Wakslak, C. (2007). Construal levels and psychological distance:Effects on representation,prediction, evaluation, and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology,17,83-95.
Trope,Y.& Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review,117,440-463.
Toma, L.& Mathijs, E. (2007). Environmental risk perception, environmental concern and propensity to participate in organic farming programmes. Journal of Environmental Management,83(2),145-157.
Van Lange, P. A. M.,& Van Vugt, M. (1998). A social dilemma analysis of commuting preferences:the roles of social value orientation and trust. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,28(9),796-820.
Van Lange & Visser, K. (1999). Locomotion in social dilemmas:how people adapt to cooperative, tit-for-tat, and noncooperative partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,77(4),762-773.
Viklund, M. J. (2003). Trust and risk perception in Western Europe:A cross-national study. Risk Analysis,23(4),727-738.
Viscusi, W. K., Huber, J.,& Bell, J. (2008). Estimating discount rates for environmental quality from utility-based choice experiments. Journal of Risk & Uncertainty,37,199-220.
Wakslak, C. J.,& Trope, Y. (2009). The effect of construal-level on subjective probability estimates.Psychological Science,20,52-58.
Wakslak, C. J., Trope, Y., Liberman, N.,& Alony, R. (2006).Seeing the forest when entry is unlikely:Probability and the mental representation of events. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,135,641-653.
Wallsten, T. S., Budescu, D. V.,& Zwick, R. (1993). Comparing the Calibration and Coherence of Numerical and Verbal Probability Judgments. Management Science, 39(2),176-190.
Weber, B. J.,& Chapman, G. B. (2005). The combined effects of risk and time on choice:Does uncertainty eliminate the immediacy effect? Does delay eliminate the certainty effect? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,96, 104-118.
Weber, E. U.& Hsee, C. (1998). Cross-cultural differences in risk perception but cross-cultural similarities in attitudes towards perceived risk. Management Science, 44,1205-1218.
Weber, E. U.& Hsee, C. K. (1999). Models and mosaics:Investigation of cultural differences in risk perception and risk preference. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 6,611-617.
Weber, E. U. (2001). Personality and risk taking. In Smelser, N. J.,& Bates, P. B.(Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences (pp. 11274-11276). New York:Elsevier.
Whitley, R. D. (1991). The social construction of business systems in east Asia. Organization Studies,12 (1),1-28.
Wong, R. Y,& Hong, Y. Y. (2005). Dynamic influences of culture on cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma. Psychological Science,429-434.
Wright, G N.,& Philllps, L. D. (1980). Cultural variation in probabilistic thinking: Alternative ways of dealing with uncertainty. International Journal of Psychology, 15,239-257.
Yau, O. H. M. (1994). Chinese Culture Values:Their Dimensions and Marketing Implications. European Journal of Marketing,22 (5),312-345.
Zimmer, A. C. (1983). Verbal vs. numerical processing of subjective probabilities. In R. W. Scholz (Ed). Decision making under uncertainty (pp.159-182). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
蔡韦龄.(2007).CFS效应下中英双语者语言与自尊的相关关系研究.福建师范大学硕士学位论文.
陈海贤,何贵兵.(2011).识解水平对跨期选择和风险选择的影响.心理学报,4,442-452.
陈思静,马剑虹.(2010).合作动机与信任：基于不确定性简化机制的研究.应用心理学,3.
陈思静.(2007).自己人,与“外人”：社会两难框架下信任与不确定性的关系.第十一届全国心理学学术会议,开封.
成龙,张玮,何贵兵.(2012).生态环境决策的多特征属性研究.农业与技术,9,181-182.
段红霞.(2009).跨文化社会价值观和环境风险认知的研究.社会科学,6,78-85.
段锦云.(2008).基于认知惰性的创业风险决策框架效应双维认知机制研究.博士学位论文.浙江大学.
费孝通.(1985).乡土中国.北京：三联书店
何贵兵,陈海贤,林静.(2009).跨期选择中的反常现象及其心理机制.应用心理学,15(4),298-305.
何贵兵,张玮,成龙.(2010).中国文化价值观和未来时间取向对幸福感的影响.应用心理学,16(3),250-256.
韩耀全,杨琼,周解,何安尤.(2011).岩滩水电站建设对水生生物的影响.水资源保护,27(2),9-12.
霍燕.(2001).文化启动与自我参照效应的研究.北京大学硕士学位论文.
金盛华,郑建君,辛志勇.(2009).当代中国人价值观的结构与特点.心理学报,41(10),1000-1014.
李伟民,梁玉成.(2002).特殊信任与普遍信任：中国人信任的结构与特征.社会学研究,3,11-22.
李洁,谢晓非.(2007).风险倾向的跨文化差异研究综述.社会心理科学,2,28-33.
刘霞,黄希庭,普彬,毕翠华.(2010).未来取向研究概述.心理科学进展,18(3),385-393.
刘永芳,毕玉芳,王怀勇.(2010).情绪和任务框架对自我和预期他人决策时风险 偏好的影响.心理学报,42,317-324.
刘永芳,陈雪娜,卢光莉,王怀勇.(2010).决策者角色及相关因素对风险偏好的影响.心理科学,33,548-551
佘升翔,陆强.(2010).环境风险知觉和评价的整体框架.生态环境学报,19(7),1760-1764.
彭运石,王珊珊.(2009).环境心理学方法论研究.心理学探新,3,11-15.
彭泗清,杨中芳.(1995).中国人人际信任的初步探讨.第一届华人心理学家学术研讨会论文,台北.
彭泗清.(1997).对人与对事：人际交往中的关系区分度与事件区分度.第四届华人心理与行为科学学术研讨会论文,台北.
彭泗清.(1999).信任的建立机制：关系运作与法制手段.社会学研究,2,53-66.
王健.2009.利他行为的模型构造与数量分析.厦门大学博士学位论文.
王姗姗.(2008).国外环境心理学研究新进展.社会心理科学,23(5),434-437.
韦伯.(1995/1920).儒教与道教.王容芬译.北京：商务印书馆.
肖水源,杨德森.(2002).中国传统价值观及其测量：理论构想.中国行为医学科学杂志,11(3),347-349.
徐惊蛰,谢晓非.(2011).解释水平视角下的自己-他人决策差异.心理学报,43,317-324.
谢晓非.(1998).一般社会情境中风险认知识的实验研究.心理科学,4,315-318.
谢晓非,徐联仓.(1996).风险认知策略的操作化指标.人类工效学,2,49-52.
杨国枢,余安邦,叶明华.(1989).中国人的传统性与现代性:概念与测量.见杨国枢(编),中国人的心理与行为.台北：桂冠图书公司.
杨中芳,彭泗清.(1999).中国人人际信任的概念化：一个人际关系的观点.社会
学研究,2,1-21.
叶明华,杨国枢.(1998).中国人的家族主义：概念分析与实征衡鉴.中关研究院民族学研究所集刊,83,169-225.
弋鹏.(2004).不同文化启动与自我参照效应的实验研究.山东师范大学硕士学位论文.
杨文博.(2011).文化启动的研究综述.文学界(理论版),277-278.
乐国安.(2001).美国环境社会心理学研究的新进展.天津师范大学学报(社会科学版),5,42-47.
杨玲,樊召锋.(2006).当代环境心理学研究的新进展.甘肃社会科学,2,193-196.
杨治良,李朝旭.(2004).局中人和局外人的决策差异研究.心理科学,2004,27(6)：1282-1287.
杨宜音.(1999).“自己人”：信任建构过程的个案研究.社会学研究,2,38-52.
叶航.2005.利他行为的经济学解释.经济学家.3,22-29.
于清源,谢晓非.(2006).环境中的风险认知特征.心理科学,2,362-365.
赵安启,胡柱志.(2008).中国古代环境文化概论.北京：中国环境科学出版社.
张静.(2009).当代大学生儒道传统价值观与心理健康的关系研究.博士学位论文.吉林大学.
张娟.2004.关系与利他--大学生利他行为倾向的解释性研究.华中科技大学硕士学位论文.
张梦霞.(2010).中国消费者购买行为的文化价值观动因研究.北京：科学出版社.
张梦霞.(2005).绿色购买行为的道家价值观因素分析——概念界定、度量、建模和营销策略建议.经济管理,4,34-41.
张玮,何贵兵.(2011).中国传统价值观和未来时间取向对环境保护行为的影响.第十四届全国心理学学术会议,西安.