植物纤维与废旧聚丙烯复合板材的制备
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摘要
塑料工业突飞猛进的发展,不可避免的产生越来越多的废旧塑料。传统的处理方法既浪费资源,又污染环境。因此,如何处理这些塑料废弃物已成为当今世界范围内一个亟需研究的课题。天然植物纤维材料是自然界中资源最丰富的天然高分子材料,其物理性能与无机纤维相近,而且具有突出的生物降解和可再生的优点,是其它任何增强材料无法比拟的,因而具有广阔的发展前景。
本课题就是在此背景下,通过查阅文献、实地调研确定了本课题的研究目标和研究内容。首先对植物纤维进行了NaOH碱法预处理,通过微观形貌的观察与力学性能的检测,确定了其最佳的预处理方案;运用预处理的植物纤维,探索了包括纤维含量、保温温度、保温时间、成型压力等工艺参数的植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合板材的理想成型工艺;最后利用前期已探索出的复合板材制备工艺,开展了植物纤维废旧塑料复合板材的具体研制工作。通过研究,最终开发出了一种新型植物纤维增强废旧塑料复合板材的配方和成型工艺:废PP:纯PP=4:1(质量配)、25wt%植物纤维、约4 %的MAH-g-PP、约1%的KH-550偶联剂;保温温度180℃、保温时间3小时、成型压力2MPa。
With the development of the plastic industry rapidly, more and more waste plastics are produced inevitably. Traditional processing methods not only take more wastes, but also pollute environment. Therefore, how to process these waste plastics has become the task which must be urgently studied in the world. The natural vegetable fiber materials are the richest natural polymer materials. Besides their physical performances are close to the inorganic textile fiber, they have the most prominent biodegradable and renewable merits than reinforced fibers. So they have a broad development prospect.
Under the background, through referring to more references and investigating, the work’s research aims and contents were decided. Firstly, the vegetable fibers were pretreated by NaOH solution, and through the micro morphology observation and mechanical properties testing, the best pretreatment method was determined. Secondly, using the vegetable fibers of pretreatment, the ideal vegetable fiber-reinforced composites forming technology, which includes the fiber concentration , the isothermal temperature, the heating time and molding pressure, had been explored. Finally, based on the composites sheet forming technology developed early, the composition of the vegetable fiber reinforced waste plastic composites sheet was studied. Through above researches, the formulation and molding technique of a new kind of the vegetable fiber reinforced waste plastic composites sheet were developed. The former results are that the quantity proportion between pure and waste PP is 1:4, the content of vegetable fiber is 25%, MAH-g-PP’s content is 4%, and KH-550 is added by 1%. The later is that 180℃isothermal temperature, 3 hours heating time and 2MPa molding pressure.
本课题就是在此背景下,通过查阅文献、实地调研确定了本课题的研究目标和研究内容。首先对植物纤维进行了NaOH碱法预处理,通过微观形貌的观察与力学性能的检测,确定了其最佳的预处理方案;运用预处理的植物纤维,探索了包括纤维含量、保温温度、保温时间、成型压力等工艺参数的植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合板材的理想成型工艺;最后利用前期已探索出的复合板材制备工艺,开展了植物纤维废旧塑料复合板材的具体研制工作。通过研究,最终开发出了一种新型植物纤维增强废旧塑料复合板材的配方和成型工艺:废PP:纯PP=4:1(质量配)、25wt%植物纤维、约4 %的MAH-g-PP、约1%的KH-550偶联剂;保温温度180℃、保温时间3小时、成型压力2MPa。
With the development of the plastic industry rapidly, more and more waste plastics are produced inevitably. Traditional processing methods not only take more wastes, but also pollute environment. Therefore, how to process these waste plastics has become the task which must be urgently studied in the world. The natural vegetable fiber materials are the richest natural polymer materials. Besides their physical performances are close to the inorganic textile fiber, they have the most prominent biodegradable and renewable merits than reinforced fibers. So they have a broad development prospect.
Under the background, through referring to more references and investigating, the work’s research aims and contents were decided. Firstly, the vegetable fibers were pretreated by NaOH solution, and through the micro morphology observation and mechanical properties testing, the best pretreatment method was determined. Secondly, using the vegetable fibers of pretreatment, the ideal vegetable fiber-reinforced composites forming technology, which includes the fiber concentration , the isothermal temperature, the heating time and molding pressure, had been explored. Finally, based on the composites sheet forming technology developed early, the composition of the vegetable fiber reinforced waste plastic composites sheet was studied. Through above researches, the formulation and molding technique of a new kind of the vegetable fiber reinforced waste plastic composites sheet were developed. The former results are that the quantity proportion between pure and waste PP is 1:4, the content of vegetable fiber is 25%, MAH-g-PP’s content is 4%, and KH-550 is added by 1%. The later is that 180℃isothermal temperature, 3 hours heating time and 2MPa molding pressure.
引文
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[4] Bernd S. , Thomas B. , Reinz-D.G.H. ,Seals for plastic components: Integrated seals contribute to greater functionality of plastic components[J]. Sealing Technology, 2005, (1): 6～7.
[5] 姚建军. 塑料材料在汽车制造工业中的应用[J]. 汽车运用,2003,9:28～29.
[6] Damatty A. A. , Abushagur M. , Testing and modeling of shear and peel behavior for bonded steel/FRP connections[J], Thin-Walled Structures, 2003, 41(11): 987～1003.
[7] Beardmore P. , Johnson C. F. ,The potential for composites in structural automotive applications[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 1986, 26(4): 251～281.
[8] Babel G. ,On-line coating of plastic parts in the automotive industry[J]. Progress in Organic Coatings, 1992, 20(4): 223～234.
[9] Rosenau B. ,Polyurethanes in automotive construction[J]. Kunststoffe Plast Europe, 2000, 90(3): 38～41.
[10] 曹文鑫. 塑料在汽车工业中的应用与发展[J]. 国际化工信息,2002,11:7～10.
[11] 李光耀. 塑料在汽车工业上的应用及发展前景[J]. 塑料,2004,33(6):84～88.
[12] 张师军,王小兰. 塑料在汽车工业中的应用[J]. 中国石化,2004,9:53～57.
[13] Paulo F. , Jose A. ,Assessing the economics of auto recycling activities in relation to European Union Directive on end of life vehicles. Technological Forecasting and Social Change[M], In Press, Available online 26 August 2005.
[14] Klaus B. ,Anshuman K. ,European response to issues in recycling car plastics[J], Technovation, 1999, 19(12): 721～734.
[15] Nabil M. ,Plastics waste management, disposai, recycling and reuse[J]. New YORK: Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1993, 255～256.
[16] Berends, J. ,Global elastomers business set for steady growth as fibre use booms[J], Urethanes Technology, 1999, 5: 30～33.
[17] 王雄伟. 日本用回收废料制成模压板[J]. 再生资源研究,2004,2:42.
[18] 唐伟家. 废汽车塑料碎片分离器[J]. 塑料,2005,34,(2):98～99.
[19] 廖正品. 中国废弃塑料基本现状与回收处置原则初探[J]. 塑料工业,2005,33:1～7.
[20] 丁明洁,陈新华,席国喜等. 我国废旧塑料回收利用的现状与前景分析[J]. 中国资源综合利用,2004,6:36～39.
[21] 高文婷. 工业上废旧塑料回收利用的经济效益和社会意义[J]. 零陵学院学报(教育科学版),2004,2(2):8～10.
[22] 李顺林. 复合材料工作手册[M]. 北京:航空工业出版社,1988,114～116.
[23] 周祖福. 复合材料学[M]. 武汉:武汉工艺大学出版社,1995,190～192.
[24] 陈平,于祺,孙明等. 高性能热塑性树脂基复合材料的研究进展[J]. 纤维复合材料,2005,(2):52～57.
[25] 伊言. 废旧塑料制品回收任重道远[J]. 中国石油和化工,2004,6:64～65.
[26] 段德晶,初伟,唐忠兴. 聚烯烃在汽车制造业中的应用[J]. 现代塑料加工应用,2001,12(5):48～50.
[27] 陈华辉,邓海金,李明. 现代复合材料[M]. 北京:中国物资出版社,1998,52～54.
[28] 李忠明, 杨鸣波, 冯建民. 秸杆/ 聚丙烯复合材料[J]. 塑料工程, 2000,28(4):9～11.
[29] 陈玉放, 揣成智, 谢来苏. 植物纤维/ 热塑性复合材料的开发及有关问题[J]. 现代塑料加工应用, 1998, 10 (2): 50～53.
[30] Amash A. ,Zugenmaier P. ,Morphology and properties ofisotropic and oriented samples of cellulose fibre2polypropy2lene composites[J]. Polymer, 2000, 41(4): 1589～1596.
[31] 徐定宇. 聚合物的加工与形态学[M]. 北京: 中国石化出版社, 1992, 172～214.
[32] 向仕龙. 非木材植物人造板工艺与设备进展[J]. 木材加工机械, 2001, 1:19～21.
[33] 向仕龙. 我国非木质人造板的现状与发展[J]. 林产工业, 1990, 3.
[34] 涂平涛. 非木材植物纤维作为人造板生产原料的有关问题[J]. 林产工业, 1995, 4.
[35] 蒋远舟, 向仕龙. 非木质人造板[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 1989.
[36] 郑玉涛, 陈就记, 曹德榕. 改进植物纤维/热塑性塑料复合材料界面相容性的技术进展[J]. 纤维素科学与技术, 2005, 13(1): 45～55.
[37] Rana A K. ,Mandal A. ,Mitra B C. ,Short fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect ofcompatibilizer[J]. J Appl Polym Sci, 1998, 69: 329～338.
[38] Mitra B C. ,Basak R K. ,Sarkar M. ,Studies on jute-reinforced composites, its limitations, and somesolutions through chemical modifications of fibers[J]. J Apply Polym Sci, 1998, 67: 1093～1100.
[39] Bledzki A K. ,Gassan J. ,Composite reinforced with cellulose based fibres[J]. Prog Polym Sci, 1999, 24: 221～274.
[40] Canché G. ,Cauich I. ,Mendizábal E. Mechanical properties of acrylategrafted.Gassan J,Henequen cellulose fibers and their application in composites[J]. Composites Part A, 1999,30: 349～359.
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