可调侧推器设计与水动力性能仿真研究
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摘要
侧推器作为船舶辅助推进装置,协助船舶进出狭窄航道,配合舵面稳定航向,提高船舶零航速或低航速下的操纵性和安全性。因此,这种推进装置日益受到船舶设计与制造行业的青睐,现已在大型船舶上得到广泛应用。
本文结合课题任务,提出了“可调侧推器设计与水动力性能仿真研究”,对船舶侧推器设计及相关技术与方法进行研究,分析侧推器流场特性,并对其水动力性能进行预报。
第一章：阐述侧推器设计与水动力性能研究的背景及意义,介绍了国内外船舶侧推器的发展进程和关键技术,探讨了船舶螺旋桨水动力性能的研究现状,提出了论文的研究背景和论文框架。
第二章：分析了船舶侧推器和可调螺距螺旋桨的工作原理,介绍了现有侧推器的结构特点和工作特性,提出了可调侧推器的总体设计方案。
第三章：根据可调侧推器总体设计方案和相关功能和性能需求,结合机械产品的可维修性设计方法,对可调侧推器关键零部件进行结构设计。
第四章：探讨桨叶的几何表达和数学描述,分别采用图谱法和涡格升力线法进行侧推器的桨叶设计,对比分析表明两种方法所设计的桨叶吻合较好。
第五章：建立了基于雷诺平均模拟(RANS)的侧推螺旋桨CFD仿真数学模型和几何模型,应用混合网格划分技术进行侧推器流场计算域的网格划分,鉴于侧推器流场的紊流特性,构建侧推器的k-ε流模型。
第六章：开展了侧推螺旋桨水动力性能的数值仿真研究,对比分析表明仿真结果与试验图谱吻合较好；研究了侧推器设计工况和过渡工况下的流场特性,实现了侧推器水动力性能的预报。
第七章：概括全文内容,展望船舶侧推器发展前景。
As an auxiliary propulsion unit, tunnel thrusters substantially improve the controllability and safety of a ship at low speed, enable it to keep a certain course with the help of rudders. More and more attention is paid to these devices by shipbuilders, tunnel thrusters have been applied on majorships widely right now.
Based on the research program, a tunnel thruster is designed and the hydrodynamic performance of it is simulated. The Master's thesis research " Controllable pitch tunnel thruster design and performances simulation" is conducted.
Chapter one:Background and significance of design and study of tunnel thrusters are described; development and key technology of tunnel thrusters are introduced. Finally research significance and framework of the thesis are proposed.
Chapter two:After analyzing the working principle of tunnel thrusters and controllable-pitch propellers, the structural design of controllable-pitch tunnel thruster is proposed based on summarizing the tunnel thrusters'structure.
Chapter three:Based on the structural design and function demand of controllable-pitch tunnel thruster, structural design of tunnel thruster's key parts is carried out with repairable design process.
Chapter four:The propeller design chart and propeller vortex lattice lifting line theory are applied respectively in the propeller design of tunnel thruster and the results agreed well with each other; propeller efficiency at different number of blades, different diameter of blades and different power of engine is analyzed based on propeller vortex lattice lifting line theory.
Chapter five:Simulation model of tunnel thruster is built based on RANS of CFD and the mesh of compute field is generated with hybrid grid method by GAMBIT, finally k-s turbulence model is used to simulate the hydrodynamics characteristic in tunnel thruster.
Chapter six:Hydrodynamics characteristic in tunnel thruster is described through simulation, compared with experimental data, the numerical results show good agreement; by analyzing hydrodynamics characteristic in tunnel thruster under design condition and transitional running condition, performance of tunnel thruster is predicted.
Chapter seven:The main content of the dissertation research is summarized, and the prospect of tunnel thrusters is presented.
本文结合课题任务,提出了“可调侧推器设计与水动力性能仿真研究”,对船舶侧推器设计及相关技术与方法进行研究,分析侧推器流场特性,并对其水动力性能进行预报。
第一章：阐述侧推器设计与水动力性能研究的背景及意义,介绍了国内外船舶侧推器的发展进程和关键技术,探讨了船舶螺旋桨水动力性能的研究现状,提出了论文的研究背景和论文框架。
第二章：分析了船舶侧推器和可调螺距螺旋桨的工作原理,介绍了现有侧推器的结构特点和工作特性,提出了可调侧推器的总体设计方案。
第三章：根据可调侧推器总体设计方案和相关功能和性能需求,结合机械产品的可维修性设计方法,对可调侧推器关键零部件进行结构设计。
第四章：探讨桨叶的几何表达和数学描述,分别采用图谱法和涡格升力线法进行侧推器的桨叶设计,对比分析表明两种方法所设计的桨叶吻合较好。
第五章：建立了基于雷诺平均模拟(RANS)的侧推螺旋桨CFD仿真数学模型和几何模型,应用混合网格划分技术进行侧推器流场计算域的网格划分,鉴于侧推器流场的紊流特性,构建侧推器的k-ε流模型。
第六章：开展了侧推螺旋桨水动力性能的数值仿真研究,对比分析表明仿真结果与试验图谱吻合较好；研究了侧推器设计工况和过渡工况下的流场特性,实现了侧推器水动力性能的预报。
第七章：概括全文内容,展望船舶侧推器发展前景。
As an auxiliary propulsion unit, tunnel thrusters substantially improve the controllability and safety of a ship at low speed, enable it to keep a certain course with the help of rudders. More and more attention is paid to these devices by shipbuilders, tunnel thrusters have been applied on majorships widely right now.
Based on the research program, a tunnel thruster is designed and the hydrodynamic performance of it is simulated. The Master's thesis research " Controllable pitch tunnel thruster design and performances simulation" is conducted.
Chapter one:Background and significance of design and study of tunnel thrusters are described; development and key technology of tunnel thrusters are introduced. Finally research significance and framework of the thesis are proposed.
Chapter two:After analyzing the working principle of tunnel thrusters and controllable-pitch propellers, the structural design of controllable-pitch tunnel thruster is proposed based on summarizing the tunnel thrusters'structure.
Chapter three:Based on the structural design and function demand of controllable-pitch tunnel thruster, structural design of tunnel thruster's key parts is carried out with repairable design process.
Chapter four:The propeller design chart and propeller vortex lattice lifting line theory are applied respectively in the propeller design of tunnel thruster and the results agreed well with each other; propeller efficiency at different number of blades, different diameter of blades and different power of engine is analyzed based on propeller vortex lattice lifting line theory.
Chapter five:Simulation model of tunnel thruster is built based on RANS of CFD and the mesh of compute field is generated with hybrid grid method by GAMBIT, finally k-s turbulence model is used to simulate the hydrodynamics characteristic in tunnel thruster.
Chapter six:Hydrodynamics characteristic in tunnel thruster is described through simulation, compared with experimental data, the numerical results show good agreement; by analyzing hydrodynamics characteristic in tunnel thruster under design condition and transitional running condition, performance of tunnel thruster is predicted.
Chapter seven:The main content of the dissertation research is summarized, and the prospect of tunnel thrusters is presented.
引文
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[2]船舶行业调整与振兴规划(2009年-2011年)
[3]全国航运发展报告(2000年-2010年)
[4]Baniela S. The Performance of a Tunnel Bow Thruster with Slow Speed Ahead:A Revisiting Issue[J]. Journal of Navigation,2009,62:631-642.
[5]K Taniguchi, et al. Investigation into the Fundamental Characteristics and Operating Performances of Side Thruster[R]. Mitsubishi Technical Bulletin,1966,3(35).
[6]R T Taylor. Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Some Design Variables on the Static Characteristics of a Small-scale Shrouded Propeller Submerged in a Wing [M]. Langley Aeronautical Laboratory,1958,1.
[7]D E Ridley. Effect of Tunnel Entrance Configuration on Thruster Performance[J]. SNAME Paper, San Diego Section, Sept.1967,9.
[8]G R Stuntz Jr, R J Taylor. Some Aspects of Bow Thruster Design[J]. Transactions SNAME, 1964,72:336-373.
[9]J W, English. Further Considerations in the design of Lateral Thrust Units[J]. International Shipbuilding Progress,1965,13(137).
[10]汪诚仪.船艏侧推孔阻力增值估算和导流槽降阻[J].船舶工程,1986,4.
[11]沈国鉴,沈行龙.轴向圆筒内对称叶剖面螺旋桨系列的模型试验研究[J].中国造船,1982,2：55-64.
[12]M S Chislett, O Bjorheden. Influence of Ship Speed on the Effectiveness of a lateral Thruster Unit. Hydro-og Aerodynamics laboratorium,1966,8.
[13]Donald E Ridley. Observations on the Effect of vessel Speed on bow Thruster Performance[J]. Marine Technology,1971,8(1):93-96.
[14]U Niemann. On the Effectiveness of a Bow-thruster jet Flow[J]. Journal of ship Research, 1971,15(3).
[15]E P Nikolaey, R Y Pershits, A A Russeaky. Estimation of the Effectiveness of lateral thruster units[J]. Journal Mechanical Engineering Science,1972,14(7).
[16]John L, Beveridge. Design and Performance of Bow Thrusters[J]. Marine Technology,1972, 9(4):439-453.
[17]Kijima Katsuro, Hirakawa Takamitsu, Furukawa Yoshitaka, et al. Theoretical estimation of influence of forward speed on the performance of bow thruster[J]. The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers,1998,96 (9):69-79.
[18]Kijima Katsuro, Furukawa Yoshitaka. Study on a prediction of performance of lateral thruster in a ship[J]. The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers,1994,87(3): 145-153.
[19]Furukawa Yoshitaka, Kijima Katsuro. Influence of forward speed on the thruster performance used on dynamic positioning system of offshore platform[J]. The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers,1993,85(3):89-99.
[20]哈弼孝.侧向推力器的性能和模型试验研究[R].中国船舶科学研究中心报告,1989.
[21]张潞怡.来流对槽道推进器侧向推力的影响[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨船舶工程大学,1991.
[22]徐周华.船舶首侧推器适用的船速域[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2002,1：116-119.
[23]沈定安,马向能,毛海斌.大型滚装船侧推器操纵效能计算[J].船舶力学,2004,2：34-41.
[24]董世汤.船舶螺旋桨理论[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,1985.
[25]Goldstein, S. On the Vortex Theory of Screw Propellers[J]. Proceedings Royal Society,1929, 123:440-465.
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